Optimization of Urban Ecological Network Based on MSPA-MCR Model: A Case Study of Jingzhou City

As a key carrier supporting urban ecological health and living environment quality,urban ecological network is a key focus of current urban green space research.Jingzhou City of Hubei Province is taken as the research object.Relying on GIS technology platform,MSPA method is used to analyze the landscape pattern of Jingzhou City.On this basis,the landscape connectivity evaluation method is used to accurately identify and extract the source areas with important ecological value in Jingzhou City.Then,the normalization method and weighting method are combined to create a resistance factor evaluation system to construct the resistance surface.Based on the MCR model,the ecological network of Jingzhou City is successfully constructed,and targeted spatial optimization strategies and development suggestions are proposed.

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION MODEL OF ECOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION AREA

Ecological demonstration area (EDA) is an authorized nomination, which should be assessed from several aspects, including ecological, social, environmental, economic ones and so on. It is difficult to advance an exact developing level index of EDA due to its indicator system’s complexity and disequilibrium. In this paper, a framework of indicators was set to evaluate, monitor and examine the comprehensive level of ecological demonstration area (EDA). Fuzzy logic method was used to develop the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model (FCEM), which could quantitatively reveal the developing degree of EDA. Huiji District of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, one of the 9th group of national EDAs, was taken as a study case. The framework of FCEM for the integrated system included six subsystems, which were social, economic, ecological, rural, urban and accessorial description ones. The research would be valuable in the comprehensive quantitative evaluation of EDA and would work as a guide in the construction practices of Huiji ecological demonstration area.

Application of Matter-element Model in Soil Nutrient Evaluation of Ecological Fragile Region

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da＇an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter （SOM）, total N （TN）, total P （TP）, total K （TK）, available N （AN）, available P （AP） and available K （AK） were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade IV and V. And the ratios of soil samples grade IV and V in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da＇an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.

Calculation and Evaluation of Ecological Flow of Hydropower Station Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Model

The reasonable determination of ecological flow is of great significance for the efforts to promote the transformation of water ecological environmental protection from pollution management to synergistic management of water resources,water ecology and water environment,and to promote them in an integrated manner.This paper analyzed and calculated the ecological flow process of the Bangsha River diversion power station using the minimum ecological flow method,the annual spreading method,the improved annual spreading method,the NGPRP method,and the month-by-month frequency method,and evaluated the reasonableness of the process and results of the ecological flow calculations by using the fuzzy evaluation model established.The study showed that the minimum ecological flow rate determined by improving the coupling of the spreading method and the NGPRP method was the best,and the suitable ecological flow rate determined by the month-by-month frequency method was the best;the minimum ecological flow rate of the Bangsha River diversion power station was at 0.43-4.21 m 3/s,and the suitable ecological flow rate was at 0.56-4.94 m 3/s,and the trend of its change showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the trend of change from January to July showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Its trend of change showed an increasing and then decreasing trend,from January to July showed a gradually increasing trend,from August to December showed a gradually decreasing trend.It aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable determination of the ecological flow of the river hydropower station.

Integrated Evaluation of Ecological Security at Different Scales Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Zhongxian County, the Three Gorges Area, China

Based on related literature and this research, an ecological security evaluation from the pixel scale to the small watershed or county scale was presented using remote sensing data and related models. With the driver-pressure, state and exposure to pollution-response （DPSER） model as a basis, a conceptual framework of regional ecological evaluation and an index system were established. The extraction and standardization of evaluation indices were carried out with GIS techniques, an information extraction model and a data standardization model. The conversion of regional ecological security results from the pixel scale to a small watershed or county scale was obtained with an evaluation model and a scaling model. Two conceptual scale conversion models of regional ecological security from the pixel scale to the county scale were proposed： 1） scale conversion of ecological security regime results from plxel to small watershed; and 2） scale conversion from pixel to county. These research results could provide useful ideas for regional ecological security evaluation as well as ecological and environmental management.

Ecological Security Evaluation Algorithm for Resource-Exhausted Cities Based on the PSR Model

Today,resource depletion threatens a number of resource-based cities in China.The ecological security problem caused by the long-term exploitation of natural resources is a key issue to be solved in the development of resource-exhausted cities.Using 23 indicators,this study evaluated the ecological security status and development trends of 21 resource-exhausted cities in China from 2011 to 2017.The results showed that from 2011 to 2015,the overall ecological security of this type of city was low,with over 60%of the cities at an unsafe level.However,ecological security improved rapidly after 2016,and by 2017,all of the cities had reached the critical safety level.The top 10 indicators of ecological security included industrial sulfur dioxide emissions,water supply,agricultural fertilizer application,and forest coverage.These 10 indicators’cumulative contribution to ecological security was 48.3%;among them,reducing industrial sulfur dioxide emissions contributed the most at 5.7%.These findings can help governments better understand the ecological security status of resource-exhausted cities,and it can provide a reference for the allocation of funds and other resources to improve the ecological safety of these cities.

Quantitative Evaluation of Ecological Cumulative Effects and Zoning Regulations for Prefectural Mining Units in China

Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Strengthening the spatial regulation considering the ecological and environmental protection on energy and mineral resource development areas is an important aspect of realizing China’s sustainable development.In this study,we mapped,categorized,and analyzed the ecological cumulative effects of the Chinese 134 prefectural mining units based on the pressure-state-response model,which is demonstrated as impact of mining activities on ecological environment,ecological environmental fragility,and ecological function.This investigation developed a stress zoning typology of the mining units based on scores of three dimensions of the ecological cumulative effects and classified 134 prefectural mining units into eight types of stress zones.A series of regulation and policy suggestions have been proposed to different types of zones from three aspects:space control,intensity control,and development mode control.The application of this evaluation and spatial zoning system will contribute to the refined spatial management of China’s mining areas.

Ecological Evaluation Models for Environmental Engineering in Taiwan

This study is aimed to investigate and analyze the ecological technology around ecological environment resources of engineering in Taiwan. In Taiwan, the natural and artificial material applied in the ecological technology in internal currently, usually lack of evaluation for applicative conditions. Hence, this study carried on the whole research and identifications to draft the eco-materials of ecological technology. The evaluation models of applied materials for ecological technology were proposed. The quantitative score were obtained by expert＇s person evaluation. Three models were proposed to quantify the effects of applied materials on the ecological environment. The statistical procedures were adopted to compare the performance of these materials for ecological technology. The results indicated that the comparison of applied materials can be treated by quantitative analysis. For the further analysis, more evaluated data from expert＇s experience need to be collected then the bias of person subject can be reduced. In addition to reach the benefits in the respects of ecosystem, society, economy and function, also practice the comprehensive effects in ecological technology.

Evaluation and scenario simulation for forest ecological security in China

Continuously growing populations and rapid economic development have led to the excessive use of forest resources,and the forest ecosystem is threatened.In response,forest ecological security(FES)has attracted attention.In this study,an integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the system dynamic method,and it was used to evaluate the FES in China from 1999 to 2014.A scenario analysis was then used to evaluate the changes in the FES under five forestry policy scenarios for the 2015–2050 period,including the baseline,afforestation policy,harvesting policies,management policy,investment policy,and a policy mix.The results showed that the evaluation values of the FES increased during the period from 1999 to 2002,the period from 2004 to 2010 and the year 2014,and they decreased in 2003 and during the period from 2011 to 2013.During the 2015–2050 simulation period,the FES improved continuously.In particular,China would enter a new stage when the economic systems,social systems and ecosystems were in harmony after 2040.To improve the FES and the current status of the FES,a scenario analysis showed the most suitable scenario to be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2020 and Scenario 2 from 2021 to 2050.To relieve pressure,the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2040 and from 2046 to 2050,and the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 4 for 2041–2045.A policy mix(Scenario 5)would be most efficient under current conditions,while the effects of all the benefits of the forestry policies would weaken over the long term.The integrated method can be regarded as a decision support tool to help policy makers understand FES and promulgate a reasonable forestry policy.

Ecological Land Suitability for Arid Region at River Basin Scale:Framework and Application Based on Minmum Cumulative Resistance(MCR) Model

As an important and typical arid inland region in China,Shiyang River Basin plays an important role in maintaining the sustainable development of eco-environment,whose ecological land suitability restricts the development of the local human activities.Therefore,Shiyang River Basin was selected as the case study,the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model and GIS technique were integrated to create land suitability evaluation map.We calculated the MCR value of ecological source and living source,and divided the whole basin into five partitions according to the difference between ecological source and living source,and analyzed the patterns and characteristics of the ecological land suitability evaluation(ELSE)regions,respectively.The results showed that:1)The suitable ecological land includes prohibited development region and restricted development region,which accounts for 15.45%and 23.35%of the total land area of the Shiyang River Basin,respectively.These two regions mainly distributed high altitude region in the southern Qilian Mountain and low altitude region where had high density of rivers.2)The protection of ecological land requires not only conserving existing ecological land but also focusing on ecological buffer belts around ecological sources and improving ecological land service ability.3)Ecological networks should be constructed through artificial planting trees around the boundary of oasis and ecological restoration region.Buffer greenbelts should also be established between optimized development region and ecological restoration region.

Study on the Whole Process Simulation and Regulation Mechanism of Urban Green Ecological Rainwater Drainage System

In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system,the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system,constructed the urban green ecological drainage comprehensive simulation research system,and quickly evaluated pipe network operation and surface water of an industrial park under typical rainfall conditions.The results showed that the drainage capacity of the designed green ecological rainwater drainage system reached 100%,and there was no ponding phenomenon,which indicated that the green ecological rainwater drainage system could effectively solve the practical problems of urban drainage.The green ecological rainwater comprehensive simulation research system had good adaptability.The research results provided the scientific theoretical basis and reference significance for planning,designing,constructing,operating,and managing urban rainwater system scientifically and systematically.

Oil Spill Model Operational Application in Damage Assessment and Case Study of Validation

Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis of judgments for environmental compensation cases. Despite this, scientific research institutes in many countries, including China, are still devoted to the research and development of oil spill models and their applications in environmental damage assessment, which makes it possible to apply them in the judicial arbitration of damages claims. The relevant regulations on the Chinese compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships and the judicial authentication of environmental damage have also accredited such kind of modeling applications. In order to enhance the applicability of oil spill model further, it is necessary to expand its damage assessment function, and to test, calibrate and verify the accuracy of the evaluation. To this end, the author adopts the self-developed 3-dimentionaloil spill model—CWCM to simulate the “Tasman Sea” oil spill accident. By comparing the simulation results of tidal current field, wind field, oil spill trajectory with those observed, the model coding and parameter selection are corrected, and it is realized that the simulation being basically consistent with the measured results. In addition, the results of the scale reduced simulation test of oil spill weathering are applied verifying and perfecting the weathering model of CWCM. The technical requirements and process for operational application of oil spill model in judicial arbitration are also put forward. In view of the rapid simulation function, the operational updating program for oil spill weathering model, coupled current model and dynamic update wind field diagnostic model are put forward in order to further improve the operational evaluation function and evaluation efficiency of oil spill model.

Spatial Transferability of Vegetation Types in Distribution Models Based on Sample Surveys from an Alpine Region

Vegetation mapping using field surveys is expensive. Distribution modelling, based on sample surveys, might overcome this challenge. We tested if models trained from sample surveys could be used to predict the distribution of vegetation types in neighbourhood areas, and how reliable the spatial transferability was. We also tested whether we should use ecological dissimilarity or spatial distance to foresee modelling performance. Maximum entropy models were run for three vegetation types based on a vegetation map within a mountain range. Environmental variables were selected backwards, model complexity was kept low. The models are based on points from a small part of each study site, transferred into the entire sites, and then tested for performance. Environmental distance was tested using principle component analysis. All models had high uncorrected AUC values. The ability to predict presences correctly was low. The ability to predict absences correctly was high. The ability to transfer the distribution model depended on environmental distance, not spatial distance.

Design Efficacy Evaluation of a Landscape Information Modeling-Stable Diffusion(LIM-SD)-based Approach for Ecological Engineered Landscaping Design:A Case Study of an Urban River Wetland

This study introduces a Landscape Information Modeling±Stable Diffusion(LIM±SD)-based digital workflow for ecological engineered landscaping(EEL)design,focusing on urban river wetlands.It explores how students from diverse academic backgrounds perform EEL tasks using the LIM±SD approach.A total of 30 participants,including industrial design postgraduates and landscape architecture undergraduates and postgraduates,completed the design tasks.The efficacy of their designs was assessed through expert evaluations on site appropriateness,aesthetics,spatial layout,and eco-engineering techniques of the design proposals,as well as the parametric simulation which calculated the vegetation coverage rate and proportion of riparian areas for each design.Moreover,evaluation of participants’subjective design experiences was conducted via questionnaires.Results indicated that landscape architecture postgraduates outperformed others applying ecological engineering principles.The study also elucidated discrepancies between LIM models and SD-generated renderings,as well as the uncertainty of SDgenerated renderings,suggesting improvements are needed to align digital outputs with ecological design criteria.

基于PSR模型的城市河流湿地生态健康评价——以苏州市姑苏区为例

城市河流湿地的生态健康是城市生态可持续的重要基础。本研究以苏州市姑苏区河流湿地为研究对象,运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法评价其河流湿地健康状况。结果表明:苏州市姑苏区河流湿地的生态健康状况处于“中等”等级,接近“亚健康”状态;准则层的排序权重为状态层指标>压力层指标>响应层指标,说明状态层指标能直观反映河流湿地的健康状态,其状态层的综合健康指数为0.658;各河段健康状态与其所对应的城市流域所承受的压力存在着密切联系,城市的建设强度和植被覆盖率因素对姑苏区河流湿地的健康状态具有显著影响。

新疆绿色金融与生态文明耦合协调测度及交互响应分析

通过构建各子系统及总系统的综合评价模型,对2007年至2020年新疆绿色金融与生态文明建设水平进行评价,借助耦合协调模型及VAR模型分析动态协调关系。研究发现,2016年起新疆绿色金融综合评分较为稳定并出现缓慢回升趋势,各子系统综合评分演化趋势差异性较为显著;生态文明综合评分具有上升趋势,各子系统的综合评分及增长速度有所差异。绿色金融与生态文明处于高度耦合、高度协调阶段,两个系统总体表现出较强的相互作用关系;协调度呈现轻微上升趋势,应加强其二者的协调作用。脉冲响应分析结果表明绿色保险、绿色证券对生态文明建设具有显著作用,且持续时间较长。

在线医疗平台信息生态系统的生态性评价指标体系研究

[目的/意义]在线医疗平台作为一类典型的信息生态系统,其可持续发展依赖于生态性水平。构建生态性评价指标体系,不仅是对在线医疗平台评价指标体系的必要补充,还有助于拓展生态性评价的研究场景。[方法/过程]基于信息生态理论,利用德尔菲法和层次分析法,以DPSIR模型为基础,构建了由“驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应”5个维度构成的在线医疗平台信息生态系统的生态性评价指标体系。[结果/结论]在线医疗平台应着力于内在动力的激发;信息生态位重叠问题是平台压力的主要来源;提升社会和同行对在线医疗平台的评价是改善平台状态的重要抓手;增强资源吸引力和资源巩固力是提高平台影响力的关键;系统创新能力是强化平台响应能力的重要因素。

基于遥感生态指数改进模型的祁连山国家公园生态环境质量变化

基于Google Earth Engine平台,以Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为基础数据源,运用遥感生态指数(RSEI)改进模型研究祁连山国家公园1988-2020年的生态环境质量变化,引入地理探测器评判影响因子的贡献.结果表明,RSEI改进模型避免了特征向量方向的干扰,能更好地反映生态环境质量状况;近30多年来国家公园RSEI波动上升,表明其生态环境质量整体改善,空间上呈现“东高西低”分布格局,生态环境质量以无显著变化和改善为主,占比分别为70.13%、25.90%;轻微退化与显著退化占比分别为2.19%、1.78%,主要分布在国家公园西北肃北蒙古族自治县境内;森林和灌丛生态环境质量整体稳定改善,草地和荒漠以稳定为主;干度、热度、绿度是影响生态环境质量的关键因素,其交互作用均表现为双因子增强和非线性增强,交互作 用较强的因子组合主要是干度与热度、热度与绿度.

特大城市都市区生态空间识别评价、网络构建与优化模型研究

在国家生态文明建设的要求下,生态空间作为承载城市生态信息和能量的重要用地,是促进特大城市空间结构合理形成的重要因素,也是城市高质量发展及高品质人居环境建设的关键。以6个特大(超大)城市都市区为研究对象,基于MSPA-InVEST复合模型对生态空间进行识别和评价,通过生境质量评价结果提取核心生态源地并生成生态阻力面,运用最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建各特大城市都市区生态空间网络。在此基础上,结合对特大城市生态空间结构进化趋势的分析,提出各特大城市都市区生态空间结构的优化模式,并探索构建了“绿楔+绿环”的环网放射式和“绿心+绿带”的带网棋盘式2种特大城市都市区生态空间结构优化模型,以期为中国特大城市都市区生态空间格局优化和可持续发展提供理论支撑和实践指导,也为优化特大城市国土空间格局提供参考和借鉴。

基于灰色关联模型的沿黄区域山东段生态安全综合评价及时空演化

以沿黄区域山东段为例,建立PSR模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,借助熵权法和灰色关联度模型对其2000—2018年展开生态安全综合评价,并进行时空演变分析。结果显示,整体上沿黄区域山东段生态安全水平呈现出波动中上升的趋势,由“不安全”向“比较安全”转变,子系统中生态响应和生态状态增加的幅度高于生态环境压力增大的幅度,生态环境有所好转;市级尺度下,山东段17地市生态安全水平有所提高,呈现出“下降-上升-下降”的倒“N”字形演变,生态安全类型以“一般安全”为主,高等级类型较少,城市生态安全问题比较严峻;城市生态安全内部空间差异明显,生态安全空间格局向东、向北转移,呈现出“东高西低”“北高南低”的高低错落分布,高等级生态安全区域从东部沿海向鲁北扩散,“临界安全”区域缩小至鲁中南和鲁西北。最后从生态环境治理与保护、优化调控三大空间、经济结构转型升级等方面提出优化路径,改善生态环境质量。