Establishment of value-realization mechanism for ecological products in provincial management level:A case study in Yunnan

Ecological products value-realization is regarded as one of the keys of transferring clear waters and green mountains to mountains of gold and silver.In 2021,the central government has issued a guideline on setting up and improving the mechanism to realize the value of ecological products,which has encouraged the local governments to explore the path of ecological products value-realization.At provincial management level,four national ecological civilization pilot zones systematically implemented ecological civilization structural reform in administrative and social and economic aspects.Meanwhile,other provinces started to try first regionally to explore the ways of ecological products value-realization.By taking Yunnan as a case study,the obstacles to improving the establishment of the ecological products value-realization mechanism in Yunnan province were examined and analyzed.The suggestions for the establishment of ecological products value-realization mechanism in Yunnan were put forward,which would become practical references for other provinces in China.

Thinking about Value Realization of Ecological Products under the Background of Urban-rural Integration in Chengdu“Western Control”Area

Chengdu's development strategy of“western control”has laid a solid ecological background for 8 western districts,cities and counties and cultivated good ecological resources.The integrated urban-rural development in the new era will realize the balanced development of urban and rural areas and give full play to the value of rural ecological resources through the“powerful combination”of urban and rural areas.To realize the urban-rural integration and high-quality rural development in Chengdu“western control”area,it is necessary to enhance the awareness of ecological resources and ecological products,and carry out unified planning of ecological infrastructure,ecological material products and ecological service products in the whole“western control”area.Meantime,ecological restoration must be carried out scientifically,and scene design for value transformation of ecological products should be implemented innovatively.

Ecological Carrying Capacity of Tibet China ——Variety of Ecological Footprints from 1978 to 2002

Ecological footprint's theory and method are used to calculate and analysisthe ecological carrying capacity in Tibet. The results indicate: Tibet ecological footprint (2.1hm^2) keeps higher than countrywide average level (1.5 hm^2), and lower than global average level(2.4 hm^2); the result show that Tibet pasture ecological footprint is the most different with otherarea, and woodland is the second; Tibet ecological footprint grows from 1. 25 hm^2 in 1978 to 2.09hm^2 in 2002, which states that life level is improving continuously; GDP (per RMB 10~4 Yuan)ecological footprint reduces from 61. 9 hm^2 in 1978 to 4. 54 hm^2 in 2002, which states resourcesutilized ratio is increasing continuously.

Supply of ecological products based on heterogeneity of public goods

Ecological products belong to public products. According to the characteristic heterogeneity of public products, they can be classified into pure public products and quasi-public products including "common-pool goods", "club goods" and "conditioned goods". Guided by the theory of public products supply and based on national conditions, this paper thinks that an ecological product supply model should be formed, which is led by the government and coordinated allocation of public resources between the government and the market in China. Some of the pure public goods are supplied by the government by the way of "environmental regulation + property rights market" and ecological compensation; some of the quasi-public goods are supplied by the market by the way of franchising and ecological purchasing.

Research on the Realization Mechanism of and Approach to Ecological Product Valuations

Ecological product is an innovative practice for ecological valuations in China. Due to the influence of historical conditions and development stages in China, research on the realization of ecological valuations has lagged. In the new era, the construction of an ecological civilization guided by the "Two Mountains" theory has been promoted to the national strategic level and is supporting the growth of theoretical research and practical exploration based on the understanding of ecological product values. We want to innovate and improve the system used to realize the value of ecological products by applying the existing research, which focuses on the concept definition of ecological products and their correlation theories. Through systematic expansion and upgrades in this system, the evaluation accuracy of ecological products can be improved, providing valuable references for further practical exploration and promoting an ecological culture in China.

Construction of Regional Ecological Capital Operation Mechanism System from the Perspective of Green Economy Development

Green development has gradually become the main theme of the current world economic development.Green transformation development and cracking the contradiction between ecology and economy need to build an effective ecological capital operation system and mechanism to support,encourage the effective operation of regional ecological capital,promote the appreciation and preservation of ecological capital,and escort the operation.This paper constructs a four-in-one regional ecological capital operation mechanism system,in which the"accumulation mechanism"is the prerequisite,the"conversion mechanism"is the key link,the"compensation mechanism"is an important supplement,and the"incentive mechanism"is the safeguard measure,which aims to ensure the smooth progress of the construction of beautiful China in the new era and realize the socialist modern power.

Can Ecological Product Win Consumers in China？ A Study on the Effect of Product Attributes and Consumers＇ Face Consciousness on Ecological Product Preference

This research explores what product attributes consumers value and how consumer face consciousness influences ecological product preference. Study I shows that environmental attribute enhances product preference to a greater extent when consumers value gentleness-related attributes more than strength-related attributes. However, when the strength-related attributes are valued, the benefit of environmental attribute is attenuated, and sometimes even leads to greater preference for non-ecological products. Study lI reveals that Chinese consumers with high face consciousness show a significant difference between explicit and implicit preferences for ecological products. In other words, these consumers believe in only their own preference for ecological products. In contrast, Chinese consumers with low face consciousness show no difference between explicit and implicit preferences, i.e., they believe that other people prefer ecological products as much as they do.

Why It Is Hard to Explain Chinese Face？--Face Measurement Models and Its Influence on Ecological Product Preference

Face in China is a well-known word but still lacks a precise and authoritative definition. Other than the counterpart connotation of social norms in western culture, Chinese face is also a cultural construct strongly connected with situational context. In order to explore the general context and the specific connotation of Chinese face, this paper focuses on comparing the difference between Reflective Models and Formative Models when measuring the construct of Chinese face. We find that RM is more reliable and stable than FM in terms of face measurement, but is inferior to FM in explaining the connotations of Chinese face. Moreover, we also explore the effects of different dimensions of Chinese face on consumer preference for ecological products. This study not only enriches the existing research on Chinese face, but also exploratively answers a controversial problem in this area. Furthermore, the findings in this study also provide theoretical support for building an environmentally-friendly society in China.

Land consolidation： An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China

The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development in China as well as un- stable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural pro- duction, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carry- ing out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land con- solidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Fi- nally, the author argues that a ＂bottom-up＂ restructuring strategy accompanied by a few ＂top-down＂ elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development.