Impacts of multi-scenario land use change on ecosystem services and ecological security pattern: A case study of the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes(LUCC), impacting ecosystem services(ES) and ecological security patterns(ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development(NDS), economic development(EDS), and ecological protection scenarios(EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate:(1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies.(2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage,water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES.(3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources,corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km^(2), 645.03 km^(2),and 64.43 km^(2), respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.

Strategies and Paths for Constructing Rural Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Context of Rural Revitalization

It is one of the fundamental research contents of rural revitalization by constructing a ecological security pattern of rural landscape,providing important basis for scientifically formulating rural spatial planning and sustainable rural development.The research on ecological security patterns of landscape at home and abroad is mainly focused on urban areas.In the context of rural revitalization,the research on strategies and paths for constructing the ecological security pattern of rural landscapes aims to provide important references for the overall planning and design of rural areas and the optimization of rural resource allocation.Using 3S(GPS,RS,GIS)technology methods,this paper systematically analyzes and elaborates on the construction strategies and paths of rural water ecological security pattern,rural biological protection security pattern,rural geological disaster security pattern,and local cultural landscape security pattern.Through the comprehensive superposition of the patterns,a comprehensive ecological security pattern of rural landscape is finally constructed.In the process of constructing and improving the ecological security pattern of rural landscape,emphasis is placed on top-level design,long-term planning,multi-party participation,mechanism improvement,technological innovation,and the strategy of“integrating knowledge with action”.

Optimization of Rural Settlement Distributions Based On the Ecological Security Pattern: A Case Study of Da’an City in Jilin Province of China

Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da’an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km^2, 1463.36 km^2, 1215.80 km^2 and 629.77 km^2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da’an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km^2, 42.31 km^2, 36.28 km^2 and 19.40 km^2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement.

Ecological Planning and Design of Waterfront in Xianghe County from the Perspective of Landscape Security Pattern

Waterfront is a precious resource in urban ecological construction,and also a key section for ecological protection,so ecological planning of urban waterfront has far-reaching influence on the whole region.This study explored ecological planning and design of waterfront from the perspective of landscape security pattern,analyzed current waterfront in Xianghe County and construction of landscape security pattern for waterfront,provided a basis for the ecological planning and design of landscape.

Using ecosystem service supply and ecosystem sensitivity to identify landscape ecology security patterns in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration, China

The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional development.It is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecology research.This paper identifies the ecological source through the evaluation of the ecosystem service and ecosystem sensitivity of the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban agglomeration.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model modified by night light data NPP/VIIRS(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)was used to measure the relative resistance of the materials and energy circulation between the source areas,and to establish the resistance surface of the ecological source area expansion.Then ecological corridors were identified based on ecological sources and resistance surface.The ecological strategic node is the ecological fragile point in the ecological corridors.The ecological strategic node is identified with hydrological module by superimposing the"ridge line"of cumulative ecological resistance with the ecological corridor.Combined with ecological sources,corridors and strategic nodes,the ESP of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration can be constructed.The ecological source of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration accounts for 28.42%of the total area,most of which is distributed within Qinghai Province.The nature reserves in the area are all located within the ecological source area.A total of 41 potential ecological corridors have been identified in the study area.The total length of the potential corridors is 1201.03 km,comprising 23 source corridors and 18 radiation corridors.There are 30 strategic nodes identified in the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration.These locations are the most vulnerable areas of the ecological corridors.Ecological engineering should be applied in the construction of corridors.Affected by the ecological source,the potential ecological corridor extends from the northwest to the southeast,which is basically consistent with the direction trend of the mountains in the region.

基于CiteSpace的生态安全格局发展演变热点研究

文章以CNKI数据库及WOS中SSCI数据库的2515篇文献为研究对象,通过CiteSpace可视化计量软件对其发展演变进行分析。研究发现,国内外关于生态安全格局的研究始于1998年,一直呈逐年递增的趋势,经历了低增长发展、波动型发展、高增长发展、平缓型发展四个阶段;研究热点由早期生态安全转为生态廊道、生态源地、最小累积阻力模型以及电路理论方面等;未来生态安全格局的研究可以从多角度入手,在现有基础上进行创新是生态安全格局研究的重要推进方向。

GIS-based Ecological Control Line Planning of Landscape City

Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces have been invaded by construction activities. However, the maintenance of urban ecological security, scientificity, integrality and continuity of ecosystem, as well as scientificity of the defining methods and the effective supervision of the basic ecological control line have become bones of contention. This paper, from the perspective of "anti-planning", synthesized the theories and methods such as urban-rural planning, ecology and GIS, coupled ecological sensitivity assessment and ecological security pattern to define the basic ecological control lines of the planning area in Anqing City. The basic ecological control line area includes ecological baseline area and ecological development area. Management and control strategies of basic ecological control line were elaborated from the following aspects: implementation of the basic ecological control line, protection and utilization of ecological resources within the lines, solutions to existing construction land within the lines, adjustment mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism of basic ecological control line.

Construction of ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones in the city of Ningbo,China

Studying an ecological restoration zoning process under the background of ecological security patterns is of great significance to the rapid adjustment and optimization of a landscape pattern.In this study,a remote sensing ecological index and a morphological spatial pattern analysis method were used to assess the quality of habitats and identify ecological sources in the city of Ningbo;ecological corridors,ecological pinch points,and ecological barrier points were extracted by using a circuit theory to construct ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones.The results indicate:(1)There were 47 ecological sources,and 83 key ecological corridors in Ningbo,and the ecological land area was about 1898.39 km^(2),accounting for 19.89%of the total study area.(2)The ecological source areas were distributed in“one patch and three belts”,and the low-resistance ecological corridors were concentrated in southern Yuyao city,western Haishu district,and central and western Fenghua district;the ecological network in the western and southern regions was dense.(3)There were four types of ecological restoration zones that need to be established,which were prioritized restoration zones,prioritized protection zones,key conservation zones,and general conservation zones distributed hierarchically from inner part towards outside.(4)Ninghai county,Yuyao city,and Fenghua district had large ecological land areas,however,prioritized restoration and protection zones in Ninghai and Fenghua were also large.The analysis results are expected to provide a reference for optimizing a territorial ecological space in a city.

Ecological risk assessment and ecological security pattern optimization in the middle reaches of the Yellow River based on ERI+MCR model

The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent an important area for the protection and development of the Yellow River Basin.Most of the area of the river basin is within the Loess Plateau,which establishes it as a fragile ecological environment.Firstly,using high-resolution data of land use in the watershed from the past 30 years,landscape ecological risk(LER)sample units are defined and an ecological risk index(ERI)model is constructed.Kriging interpolation is used to display the LER spatial patterns,and the temporal and spatial evolution of risk is examined.Secondly,the spatial evolution of land use landscape change(LULC)is analyzed,and the correlation between land use landscape and ecological risk is discussed.Finally,Based on the LER model,a risk-based minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model is established,and a comprehensive protection and management network system for the ecological source-corridor-node system designed.The results suggest that in the past 30 years,LER has a high spatial correlation and areas with extremely high ecological risks are concentrated in northwest and southeast areas of the region,of which the northwest area accounts for the highest proportion.Risk intensity is closely related to the spatial pattern of land use landscape.ERI values of forestland,grasslands,and unused land and farmland are low,medium,and high,respectively.The trend of risk evolution is“overall improvement and partial deterioration”.Man-made construction and exploitation is the most direct reason for the increase of local ecological risks.The high ecological-risk areas in the northwest are dominated by deserts which reduce excessive interference by human activities on the natural landscape.Recommendations are:high-quality farmland should be protected;forestland should be restored and rebuilt;repair and adjust the existing ecosystem to assist in landscape regeneration and reconstruction;utilize the overall planning vision of“mountain,water,forest,field,lake,grass,sand”to design a management project at the basin scale;adhere to problem-oriented and precise policy implementation.

Ecological security pattern-based simulation for land use structure change:a case study in Ezhou City,China

The ecological environment quality is an important constraint and an optimization objective for land resource allocation.Integrating ecological service value(ESV)accounting and ecological security pattern(ESP)delineation,and combining with the land use structure of 2004/2010/2016 in Ezhou City,this research laid out the urban ESP based on ESV with Net Primary Productivity(NPP),and made it as the main influence factor to simulate land use structure in 2022.The results indicated that:1)The water body has the biggest contribution to ESV,while the construction land has the minimum;2)91 ecological corridors are extracted,of which 28 were important ecological corridors;there were 36 ecological nodes extracted,including 17 important nodes;3)According to ESV,Ezhou City was divided into four security zones.The area of ecological restoration zone was the largest,and human activity core zone area was the smallest;4)In the no ESP protection scenarios and ESP protection scenarios separately,the net increase area of construction land is from 868.5 hm^(2) to 52.74 hm^(2) in the ecological core protection area;the construction land in the human activity core area has been increased by 2342.31 hm^(2) in protected scene,766.23 hm^(2) more than that of the unprotected scene.The results show that the division of security zones promoted the relocation of construction land from ecological protection core zone to human activity core zone,which can protect the ecological environment effectively,and the ESP-based simulation can provide the decision-making reference to coordinate the relationship of regional land resource allocation and the ecological environment protection.

基于CiteSpace的生态安全格局研究进展分析

自20世纪90年代以来,区域生态安全格局成为生态学、地理研究和城乡规划等领域的研究热点。文中以CNKI数据库中1999—2021年的557篇文献以及WOS中SSCI数据库的264篇文献为原始数据,基于CiteSpace软件对生态安全格局的研究进展进行文献计量和文献可视化分析,研究认为:1)国内外关于生态安全格局的研究始于1999年,之后一直呈逐年递增的趋势,经历了缓慢增长、波动增长、快速增长3个阶段;2)发表文献最多的国家是中国和美国,我国研究机构主要是中国科学院、中国科学院大学、北京大学、中国科学院生态环境研究中心等;3)生态安全格局研究文献的关键词主要集中在早期的“生态规划”“景观安全格局”及后期的“生态服务功能”“生态源地”“生态廊道”等;4)在发文期刊方面,国际期刊Ecological Indicators被引频次最高,国内《生态学报》是发文量最多的期刊。在此基础上,提出以下3点建议:1)加强生态安全格局基本理论的研究,特别是针对生态脆弱区和经济发达地区这2类生态安全受到威胁较为严重的区域,构建合理的安全格局仍需深入探究;2)注重理论研究与实践相结合,以更好解决各地区当前的“三区三线”划定以及各类生态保护问题;3)加强新兴学科、多学科之间的融合,如结合大数据、人工智能、遥感、自然保护地建设等进行多元化的探索,使生态安全格局的研究形成完整、系统、实用的研究体系。

基于CiteSpace的城市群生态安全研究发展态势分析

基于CiteSpace软件,以CNKI与WOS数据库中2003—2017年645篇城市群生态安全相关文献为研究对象,对国内外城市群生态安全研究现状及发展态势进行分析。研究发现,近15年来国内外城市群生态安全研究呈波动上升态势,2008年后国内学者在国外期刊发文量、文献及作者被引频次逐年增高;国外历年城市群生态安全研究网络离散,关键词中心度较低,突现词单一;国内研究网络完整,前沿分支较少,且尚未构建完整的研究体系框架,其中"可持续发展"突现频率最高、"生态安全"突现时间持续性久、"PSR模型"是最新突现词频;国内"城市生态安全格局"与国外"污染与增长"等是城市群生态安全的研究热点。总体来看,城市群生态安全研究更加强调多学科与多角度开展理论基础研究,注重内部机理与外部构建协同作用,静态与动态测度相结合进行生系统安全评价与分析,不断趋向网络化治理和生态安全治理等研究将成为未来重点关注的方向与角度。

基于CiteSpace的生态安全格局研究进展

生态安全格局自上世纪九十年代中期以来成为区域景观设计和国土规划等领域生态建设和环境保护研究的热点,众多著名科技期刊和学者开始关注这个领域,取得了大量研究成果,但在理论、方法创新和应用方向等方面的系统总结还较为缺乏。基于CiteSpace软件,以CNKI与WOS数据库中最新的378篇生态安全格局相关文献为研究对象,对国内外生态安全格局研究现状及发展态势进行总结和讨论,旨在为生态安全格局构建理论研究与工程实践提供借鉴。研究发现,2014年以后为国内外研究的蓬勃发展期,此阶段发表的文献成果呈指数增长,占到截至2021年8月10日全部检索文献的77.8%。生态安全格局研究的学科主要为资源环境领域的环境科学和生态学,占比达到44.37%。国际期刊Landscape Urban Plan为被引频次最高期刊,国内期刊《生态学报》具有较高的影响力,共引频次分别达到57和45。国内外高被引文献作者大多为中国学者,中国学者在此领域作出了较大的贡献。生态廊道和生态网络始终是区域生态安全格局构建研究中的热点。未来,丰富生态安全格局识别的方法、生态安全格局的尺度效应、具有生态韧性的弹性网络构建是有待深入探讨的主题。基于关键生态过程,综合考虑生态、经济和社会效益的多目标,社会-文化-生态系统耦合的生态安全格局构建与优化,服务于国家重大生态建设发展战略等理论和方法的进一步创新是生态安全格局研究可持续发展的重点方向。

基于“源地-阻力-廊道”的三江源区生态安全格局构建

三江源区是青藏高原生态屏障的重要组成部分,科学构建生态安全格局对筑牢三江源区生态安全屏障、维护可持续发展具有重要意义。耦合层次分析法(AHP)与熵权法,基于生态系统服务、形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)、景观连通性等方法识别不同等级生态源地,利用土地利用类型并综合生态敏感性与地形位指数构建生态阻力面,基于Linkage Mapper工具识别不同类别生态廊道,构建三江源区生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)三江源区生态源地约52371.30km2,占研究区总面积13.70%,多为大尺度不规则斑块,呈现东多西少的空间分布格局;其中一级生态源地面积约为48290.06km2,占生态源地总面积的92.21%,集中分布在生态系统服务重要性较高的中部与东南部地区。(2)识别生态廊道共328条,廊道分布呈现中东部密集,西部稀疏的蜘蛛网状空间格局,整体呈东西向波状延伸态势。(3)识别生态夹点1796km2、生态障碍点2490km2,主要分布于研究区中南部的杂多县;提取生态断裂点61处,集中分布于治多县东南部。(4)构建“三区三带多点”生态安全格局,以生态维育发展区、中部修复关键区、西部生态保护区为“三区”,以绿水青山维护带、生物保护关键带、河源安全建设带为“三带”,识别核心修复点为“多点”,考虑不同小区域内的生态状况,因地制宜进行生态建设。研究结果可以为三江源区生态保护地优化提供科学建议。

基于生态系统服务价值评价的松花江流域吉林段生态安全格局构建

为准确识别生态保护的重要区域和生态廊道,进而构建生态安全格局,保障区域生态安全、改善生态环境质量、维持区域可持续发展.以松花江流域吉林段为研究区,基于生态源地-阻力面-生态网络的生态安全格局构建方法,通过InVEST模型评价流域生态系统服务价值,结合自然保护地斑块识别生态源地;选取土地利用和植被覆盖度等数据作为阻力因子,采用熵值法构建综合阻力面;利用linkage mapper工具基于电路理论识别并判定生态廊道、生态节点,构建流域生态安全格局.结果表明:①识别生态源地37块,总面积36212.89 km^(2),呈现东南部集中、中西部分散的空间分布格局;②生态廊道45条,总长度3291.89 km,主要分布在植被覆盖相对较好的地区;③生态节点24个,集中分布在盐碱地、低覆盖度草地等地类.

基于生态本底-格局-潜力框架的国土空间生态修复分区研究——以粤港澳大湾区为例

文章以粤港澳大湾区为例,在生态系统服务评价、生态安全格局构建的基础上,尝试将生态恢复潜力、修复效率纳入研究范畴,建构了生态本底-格局-潜力的国土空间生态修复分区框架,通过生态优先修复区的识别实现修复效率的提升。结果表明:2010—2020年大湾区生态系统服务水平显著下降,自然恢复力良好与保护政策支持强的地区存在空间错配。以乡镇为单元进行生态修复分区,发现:1)生态维持区占总面积的7.7%,应以综合改善为主,促进经济与生态的可持续。2)生态保护区面积占44.5%,作为生态安全的底线区域,应以保护为主,加大政策管制力度。3)生态提升区面积占11.9%,应通过多样化、持续的维育措施为主,以强化区域生态网络的冗余度。4)生态修复区面积占35.9%,此中,优先修复区是拥有较高的自然恢复力与政策扶持的地区,应以实施长期、渐进式的修复工程为主;协同修复区拥有较高的自然恢复力,但政策支持力度不足,应当协同上级政府或区域联合治理,提升区域整体修复效率。

基于生态网络优化对比的国土空间生态修复策略研究

生态网络构建有助于整合破碎绿地斑块,识别国土空间生态修复过程中的关键区域并制定针对性措施,为生态型国土空间整治提供方法与技术支撑。然而,目前基于自然资源与土地利用现状构建的单一时空情景生态网络,忽略了网络与城市发展的动态变化,其稳定性与连通性缺乏验证反馈,契合城市发展的合理网络优化方案尚不明晰,生态保护措施难以适应未来城市空间的发展变化。在构建现有生态网络的基础上,对未来城市土地利用扩张情况进行预测,从生态源地、廊道、节点的动态修复视角设置增加生态踏脚石、清除生态障碍点和保护关键生态夹点3种网络优化情景,通过网络连通性分析对3种修复情景进行优化效应评估。结果显示,3种修复情景中,消除生态障碍点对生态网络的优化作用最明显,是未来生态网络构建与优化的主要关注方向。以通城县为例,判定了生态网络的最佳优化方案,提出适应现状地域特征、面向未来发展方向的生态安全格局,从生态资源要素与城市发展动态演替的视角为生态格局优化提供新思路,为生态型国土空间综合整治提供科学技术方法。

基于生态安全格局的云南世居民族所在地生态韧性评价研究

云南世居民族所在地是基于传统生态智慧世代延续,以自然系统与社会系统相互嵌套为特点的自然–文化遗产,而现代性和社会经济的快速发展使得世居民族所在地不断被蚕食和消解.研究基于韧性理念,利用多源数据,从稳定性、适宜性、冗余度、多样性4个层面构建云南世居民族所在地生态安全格局和生态韧性耦合框架,对藏、彝、傣族所在地2000—2020年生态韧性进行评价研究.结果表明,近20 a来,世居民族所在地总体生态韧性水平为中等,呈现逐年降低的趋势.高水平韧性区多分布于林地,存在连续但细碎化的分布特征.低水平生态韧性多分布于道路缓冲区2 km以内,路网的社会扰动内涵很大程度上影响生态韧性强度.20 a来平均生态韧性指数傣族所在地(0.6420)>彝族所在地(0.5602)>藏族所在地(0.5344).影响各世居民族所在地生态韧性的原因存在差异,地质灾害防护格局和水生环境安全格局是影响生态韧性的主要因素.

多尺度嵌套的复合生态安全格局构建与管控路径——以湖北省通城县为例

国土空间提供多样的生态系统服务功能且存在权衡协同关系,如何基于复合生态安全格局保障国土空间生态安全,并在实践中实现有效的空间管控,是当前研究的核心问题。通过分析当前生态安全格局构建存在的问题,提出多尺度嵌套的复合生态安全格局构建与管控路径,并以湖北省通城县为例,通过生态系统服务功能量化和生态网络要素识别,优化单功能生态网络的构建路径,进而构建多功能复合的生态安全格局。在此基础上,以绿色空间为切入点,探究复合生态安全格局嵌套衔接的跨尺度空间管控方法,以实现生态安全格局由宏观区域尺度向城区中微观尺度的有效传导与衔接。

基于生态安全格局的资源枯竭型城市生态保护修复关键区识别:以徐州市贾汪区为例

科学构建生态安全格局、识别生态保护修复关键区是系统推进生态修复目标,实现资源枯竭型城市绿色转型发展和生态安全的基本保障与重要途径。本文以东部典型资源枯竭型城市徐州市贾汪区为例,通过定量评估土壤保持、碳存储、生境质量、产水量和固碳释氧五种生态系统服务功能变化,分析了绿色转型中的贾汪区生态修复治理成效。在此基础上,基于热点分析、最小累计阻力模型和电路理论等方法,识别了生态源地、生态廊道、生态“夹点”、障碍区等生态安全格局要素,分析了2000—2020年生态安全格局及其动态变化,并识别生态保护修复关键区域。研究结果表明:①2000—2020年贾汪区生态系统服务总体呈增加趋势,生态环境逐步得到改善,生态源地斑块数量逐渐减少但总面积持续增加,廊道分布由“西多东少”转变为“较为均衡”的格局。②确定生态保护修复关键区包括重要生态源地10处,重要生态廊道39处,障碍修复关键区5.53 km^(2),廊道保护关键区1.70 km^(2),多位于主城区西南部和潘安湖南部生态流动强度高且廊道狭窄处,应加强重点修复和保护。③根据生态保护修复关键区覆被类型,建议重要生态源地树立红线观念、加强生态用地和非生态用地有效连接、拓宽生态廊道范围、增加廊道沿线植被恢复等保护修复策略。研究结果可为资源枯竭型城市的生态修复规划确定优先修复事项提供有效技术支撑。