Value evaluation of ecological risk of marine chemical spills

The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facilitate decision-making for the development of a coastal zone and establishment of economic policy on coastal zone management. In this study, the ecological effect of the environmental risk of a chemical spill in the Haicang chemical industrial park in Xiamen was identified, after which its impact was forecasted and its ecological damage value was assessed. The information generated in this study will be useful in future studies evaluating marine ecological compensation based on environmental risk analysis.

Advances in Pharmaceutical and Ecological Value of Sagina japonica(Sw.) Ohwi

Sagina japonica（Sw.） Ohwi is a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of lacquer dermatitis, and its medicinal and ecological value needs to be further developed. Based on broad literature search, this paper summarized the identification, composition, pharmacology, clinical applications, ecological value, and cultivation technologies of S. japonica（Sw.） Ohwi, aiming at providing scientific information for further research and development of S. japonica（Sw.） Ohwi.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICE VALUES OF WETLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA

Shanghai is a coastal metropolitan city with various types of natural wetlands, which account for 23.5% of its total area. According to the definition of wetland in Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the wetlands of Shanghai were classified into 4 types: coastal, riverine, lacustrine, and reservoir and pond wetlands. In order to examine the roles of wetlands in the life-support system of Shanghai, we calculated the area of each type of the wetlands using GIS technique, and then measured the ecological service values of different ecosystems in Shanghai based on the classification of ecosystem services proposed by COSTANZA et al. (1997). The estimated annual value of ecosystem services in the study area was 7.3×109US$/a for the total area of 1 356 700ha, among which about 97% was provided by the wetlands. Effective conservation and management of wetlands are therefore crucial to Shanghai’s sustainable development. The limitations of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value were also discussed in the present paper.

Effectiveness of inhibitors in increasing chloride threshold value for steel corrosion

This investigation was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in increasing the chloride threshold value for steel corrosion. Three types of corrosion inhibitors, calcium nitrite （Ca（NO2）2）, zinc oxide （ZnO）, and N,N＇-dimethylaminoethanol （DMEA）, which respectively represented the anodic inhibitor, cathodic inhibitor, and mixed inhibitor, were chosen. The experiment was carried out in a saturated calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2） solution to simulate the electrolytic environment of concrete. The inhibitors were initially mixed at different levels, and then chloride ions were gradually added into the solution in several steps. The open-circuit potential （Ecorr） and corrosion current density （lcorr） determined by electrochemical impedance spectra （EIS） were used to identify the initiation of active corrosion, thereby determining the chloride threshold value. It was found that although all the inhibitors were effective in decreasing the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement, they had a marginal effect on increasing the chloride threshold value.

Research on the Spatial Distribution of Ecosystem Service Value in Guangxi and Its Ecological Protection Countermeasure

90 counties (cities) in Guangxi Province being taken as the tested region,the ecosystem service value of those counties (cities) was measured with the data of land-using in 2005 by means of the Table of Terrestrial Ecosystem Services Value in China.The result indicated that the value of the ecosystem services per unit was divided into 3 categories:the first category with high ecosystem services value,the second category with medium ecosystem services value and the third category with low ecosystem services value.The region of the first category was mainly distributed in the mountain area of northern,northwestern,eastern and northeast part of Guangxi;the second category,in the hilly area of southern part and the mountain area in the southwestern part of Guangxi and the third category,in the basin area of central Guangxi,the karst area of western and northwestern Guangxi Province.

On Accelerated Singular Value Thresholding Algorithm for Matrix Completion

An accelerated singular value thresholding (SVT) algorithm was introduced for matrix completion in a recent paper [1], which applies an adaptive line search scheme and improves the convergence rate from O(1/N) for SVT to O(1/N2), where N is the number of iterations. In this paper, we show that it is the same as the Nemirovski’s approach, and then modify it to obtain an accelerate Nemirovski’s technique and prove the convergence. Our preliminary computational results are very favorable.

Predicting the Threshold Values based on Diffusion Model of Nitrite Ions in Reinforced Concrete

The prediction model for inhibition effect of reinforced concrete was presented based on the Magge＇s model when the concrete surface was brushed with nitrite solution. The influence of the amount of nitrite solution on inhibiting duration was also discussed through a simulation analysis when the amount of solution were 250 g/m^2, 500 g/m^2, 1000 g/m^2 and 1500 g/m^2, respectively. The experimental results confirm that nitrite ion can diffuse well in concrete to reach an effective mol ratio from the surface of the concrete to the surface of the reinforcement, and has an effective protection for the bars against corrosion. The higher the amount of solution, the better it will accelerate getting the threshold value of mol ratio on the surface of rebar, and retarding the time for loosing the effective threshold value of mol ratio. It helps to increase the tendency of inhibiting duration and prolong the life of reinforced concrete. The nitrite solution amount is used to predict the corrosion inhibiting duration of concrete that contains chloride salt.

THRESHOLD VALUE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CHAOTIC NATURE OF THE DATA OBTAINED IN NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

In this paper surrogate data method of phase-randomized is proposed to identify the random or chaotic nature of the data obtained in dynamic analysis: The calculating results validate the phase-randomized method to be useful as it can increase the extent of accuracy of the results. And the calculating results show that threshold values of the random timeseries and nonlinear chaotic timeseries have marked difference.

Urban Vegetation Landscape Fragmentation and the Change of Ecological Values in Shenzhen

Due to the increasing man-made activities,the vegetation landscape in the rapidly urbanized areas has changed dramatically.Based on the theory of landscape ecology and the evaluation method of ecosystem service function,this study took the vegetation of Shenzhen City as the research object,and used TM image as the main data source in 1985,1995,2005 and from Vol.4 of 2015 with the support of remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze the variation of vegetation landscape fragmentation and its ecological change.The results showed that the vegetation landscape fragmentation in Shenzhen City was significant in the past 30 years,and the vegetation landscape was the main characteristic in the fluctuation trend.The change trajectory of the vegetation landscape was the main focus,and the woodland land area was the largest land for construction.The fragmentation of vegetation landscape reduced the overall value of ecosystem services and hindered the function of life support systems.

The Effect of a High-Frequency-Hearing-Threshold Weighted Value on the Diagnosis of Occupational-Noise-Induced Deafness

Objective: In order to provide a theoretical basis for the revision of the current diagnostic criteria for occupational noise-induced deafness (ONID), we evaluated the degree of ONID by analyzing different high-frequency-hearing- threshold-weighted values (HFTWVs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the diagnosis of patients with ONID from January 2016 to January 2017 in Guangdong province, China. Based on 3 hearing tests (each interval between the tests was greater than 3 days), the minimum threshold value of each frequency was obtained using the 2007 edition’s diagnostic criteria for ONID. The speech frequency and the HFTWVs were analyzed based on age, noise exposure, and diagnostic classi-fication using SPSS21.0. Results: 168 patients in total were involved in this study, 154 males and 14 females, and the average age was 41.18 ± 6.07. The diagnosis rate was increased by the weighted value of the high frequencies and was more than the mean value of the pure speech frequency (MVPSF). The diagnosis rate for the weighted 4 kHz frequency level increased by 13.69% (χ2 = 9.880, P = 0.002), the weighted 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002). The differences were all statistically significant. The diagnostic rate of the different thresholds showed no obvious difference between the genders. The age groups were divided into less than or equal to 40 years old (group A) and 40 - 50 years old (group B). There were several groups with a high frequency: high frequency weighted 4 kHz ( group A χ2 = 3.380, P = 0.050;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), high frequency weighted 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362, P = 0.012;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362 P = 0.012;B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032) than those of MVPSF in the same group on ONID diagnosis rate. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the age groups (χ2 = 2.265, P = 0.944). The better ear’s (the smaller hearing threshold weighted value) MVPSF and the weighted values for the different high frequencies were examined in light of the number of working years;the group that was exposed to noise for more than 10 years had significantly higher values than those of the average thresholds of each frequency band in the groups with 3 - 5 years of exposure (F = 2.271, P = 0.001) and 6 - 10 years of exposure (F = 1.563, P = 0.046). The differences were statistically significant. The different HFTWVs were higher than those of the MVPSF values, and the high frequency weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level showed the greatest difference, with an average increase of 2.83 dB. The diagnostic rate that included the weighted high frequency values was higher for the mild, moderate, and severe cases than those patients who were only screened with the pure frequency tests. The results of the comparisons of the diagnosis rates for mild ONID were as follows: the weighted 3 kHz high frequency level (χ2 = 3.117, P = 0.077) had no significant difference, but the weighted 4 kHz level (χ2 = 10.835, P = 0.001), 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), 3 kHz + 4 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 3 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and 3 kHz + 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 7.667, P = 0.002) were significantly higher than the diagnosis rate of the mean value of the PSF. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the moderate and severe grades (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different HFTWVs increase the diagnostic rate of ONID. The weighted 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency values greatly affected the diagnostic results, and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency hearing threshold value has the maximum the effect on the ONID diagnosis results.

Value Assessment of Ecosystem Service Function of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Wenchang City

Based on the measurement parameters and index in the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008),the value of ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Wenchang City was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the total value of ecosystem service function of ecological public welfare forests in Wenchang City is about 4.020 billion yuan,of which storage capacity,water purification,soil fixation,fertilizer(N,P and K fertilizer) conservation,carbon sequestration,oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,providing anion,absorbing SO_2,absorbing fluoride,absorbing NxO,absorbing soil heavy metals,dust retention,noise reduction,sterilization,forest protection,forest biodiversity protection,and forest recreation(ecological tourism) are about 1.510 billion,582.256 million,3.769 million,268.220 million,116.360 million,2.747 million,22.682 million,42.817 million,1.722 million,74,600,131,900,187.918 million,77.409 million,28.721 million,43.090 million,180.696 million,571.036 million,and 108.677 million yuan

Optimized quantum singular value thresholding algorithm based on a hybrid quantum computer

Quantum singular value thresholding(QSVT) algorithm,as a core module of many mathematical models,seeks the singular values of a sparse and low rank matrix exceeding a threshold and their associated singular vectors.The existing all-qubit QSVT algorithm demands lots of ancillary qubits,remaining a huge challenge for realization on nearterm intermediate-scale quantum computers.In this paper,we propose a hybrid QSVT(HQSVT) algorithm utilizing both discrete variables(DVs) and continuous variables(CVs).In our algorithm,raw data vectors are encoded into a qubit system and the following data processing is fulfilled by hybrid quantum operations.Our algorithm requires O [log(MN)] qubits with0(1) qumodes and totally performs 0(1) operations,which significantly reduces the space and runtime consumption.

Agricultural Ecological Capital: Factor Structure,Value Assessment and Accumulation Mechanism

As a kind of important new capital form,agricultural ecological capital plays a decisive role in guaranteeing healthy development of agricultural ecological economy. Therefore scientific understanding agricultural ecological capital is favorable for developing agricultural ecological economy,while clarifying factor structure,value assessment and accumulation mechanism of agricultural ecological capital is important content of understanding agricultural ecological capital. In this paper,factor structure of agricultural ecological capital is firstly elaborated,and it is thought that agricultural ecological capital is the unity of agricultural ecological environment,agricultural ecological resource and agricultural ecological system. Then agricultural ecological capital value is assessed according to use value method and non use value method,thereby realizing quantification of agricultural ecological capital. After agricultural ecological capital passes through value assessment,the value is more clear,which creates condition for agricultural ecological capital accumulation. Finally accumulation mechanism of agricultural ecological capital is analyzed. Accumulation channel of agricultural ecological capital is explored from natural and human factors,and it is found that agricultural ecological capital accumulates in the forms of agricultural ecological restoration and agricultural ecological compensation.

Value and Path for Farmers' Citizenship Cultivation from Agri-ecological Security

Severe situation faced by China's agri-ecological security is elaborated.It is believed that cultivation of farmers' citizenship is the key to solving this problem,because it is favorable to consolidating farmers' independent and equal ideas,enhancing farmers' cooperative community idea,cultivating farmers' concept of rule by law,and strengthening farmers' fair and just moral concept.It is expected to make farmers fully exercise their civil rights and consciously perform their civil responsibilities.Finally,practical paths for cultivation of farmers' citizenship are put forward.These include improving market economy to promote equality of subjects,carrying out democratic practice to stimulate public participation,prospering cultural education to make clear public liability,propagating law in villages to carry forward spirit of rule by law,and making definite government responsibility to encourage social supervision.

Loss of Ecological Value in Farmland during Farmland Conversion:A Case Study of Shaanxi Province

We divide the ecological functions of farmland into five types: soil conservation, water conservation, air purification, maintenance of biological diversity, entertainment and culture. Using the direct method of market evaluation, we establish the assessment model, to calculate the ecological service value of various functions, respectively, and then calculate the total loss of ecological value in farmland. Taking the case of Shaanxi Province, we calculate the total loss of ecological value in farmland in Shaanxi Province during the period 2000-2009 at 6 366.365 3 million yuan. Finally in order to rationally protect farmland, we put forth the following recommendations: correctly understanding the ecological benefit of farmland, and scientifically assessing the value of farmland; optimizing the industrial structure, and promoting intensive use of farmland; taking actions that suit local circumstances, and conducting rational planning of farmland use; strengthening multilateral cooperation, and establishing the common protection accountability mechanism of farmland.

DWT-SVD Based Image Steganography Using Threshold Value Encryption Method

Digital image steganography technique based on hiding the secret data behind of cover image in such a way that it is not detected by the human visual system.This paper presents an image scrambling method that is very useful for grayscale secret images.In this method,the secret image decomposes in three parts based on the pixel’s threshold value.The division of the color image into three parts is very easy based on the color channel but in the grayscale image,it is difficult to implement.The proposed image scrambling method is implemented in image steganography using discrete wavelet transform(DWT),singular value decomposition(SVD),and sorting function.There is no visual difference between the stego image and the cover image.The extracted secret image is also similar to the original secret image.The proposed algorithm outcome is compared with the existed image steganography techniques.The comparative results show the strength of the proposed technique.

Relative Ecological Value of Major Plants in Minqin Desert Area

This paper analyzed relative ecological value of several major plants in Minqin desert grassland using layered projection of plant canopy. The results showed that ecological functions of natural Nitraria tangutorum and Ephedra sinica woods of a unit area were much better than those of artifi cial Haloxylon ammodendron woods, relative ecological value of N. tangutorum, E. sinica and Artemisia desertorum were much higher than that of artifi cial H. ammodendron woods. Layered projection explains clearly the ecological functions and relative ecological value of desert vegetation of the same coverage. It is inaccurate to indicate wind prevention and sand fi xation of desert vegetation in deserts using ecological function service value and ecological niche calculated on the basis of two-dimensional vegetation coverage, but three-dimensional projection degree should be applied to indicate ecological functions and relative ecological value of vegetation. Application of layered projection of plants in calculating ecological functions and relative ecological value of desert plants(vegetation) is the innovation point of this research.

Comparative Research on Zoning of High Conservation Value Forest and Ecological Forest

High conservation value forest(HCVF) theory has aroused wide concerns among related forestry sectors in China,but the zoning and identification of HCVF only have been implemented in a few forest management units(FMUs). As there is no quantitative indicator for identifying and zoning HCVF in China,most FMUs are unable to have an exact zoning result. This paper introduced the concepts of HCVF and ecological forest,and compared their similarities and differences in terms of identification criteria,zoning methods and application scope. With four Chinese FMUs as case studies,some suggestions were proposed for establishing a zoning scheme of HCVF so as to promote the development of HCVF in China.

Ecological thresholds of phytoplankton community across environmental gradients in the harmful algal blooms-frequently-occurring,subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea

Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species.