It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin ...It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin of the Yellow River, which is mainly located in Northern China. So the western route project of south-north water transfer scheme （WRP-SNWTS） aims to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. The area of WRP-SNWT, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the main areas of Sichuan and the marginal areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has sufficient water resources but fragile ecology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for WRP-SNWT to analyze the ecology water required. Based on the planning principles of from low elevation to high elevation, from small to large, from short to long and from easy to difficulty, the WRP-SNWT will be constructed through three stage projects. The western route first stage project of the south-north water transfer scheme （WRFST-SNWTS） is planned to transfer 4×10^9m^3/a from six tributaries of the Yalong river and from Dadu river to Jiaqu of Yellow River.. Daqu river and Niqu river are the branches of Xianshui river. Sequ river, Duke river, Make river and Ake river are the branches of Dadu river, which account for 65-70% of the total river run-off. It need more research and the rest run-off can satisfy channel ecology water required. According to analysis ecological water required which mainly satisfy for aquicolous biology in water-exporting region, such as low air temperature. Fish and aquicolous biology main living from May to August, and rivers are iced up from December to March of next year, ecology water required mainly for fish and aquicolous biology. The flow criterion of Tennant method is modified. The ecology water required of WRFSP-SNWTS is estimated by the flow data of Zhuwo gauging station, Zhuba gauging station, Chuosijia gauging station and Zumuzu gauging station. The result show that the ecology water required calculated by modified Tennant less 1 l percent than that of Tennant. This estimating result can supply more water resources for transferring to Yellow River. Meanwhile, this can supply gist for research transferring water of WRFSP-SNWTS.展开更多
To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the Southto-NorthWater Transfer Project,species composition,coverage,height,and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites...To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the Southto-NorthWater Transfer Project,species composition,coverage,height,and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites of the study area on the shore of Nansi Lake in April and May 2007 were investigated.The wetlands under investigation were divided into platform fields,transition zones,and shallow water zones according to differences in elevations,water levels,and human activities.The species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou Evenness index were adopted to delineate and discuss the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation in 22 quadrates.Results showed that the species richness of the wetland areas after 2 years’rehabilitation amounted to 47 of 24 families,higher than 25 of 20 families in areas without rehabilitation.The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitated areas were also higher than those of platform fields and fish ponds where there was no rehabilitation.In addition,the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and community evenness index of platform fields in rehabilitated wetland areas were 1.619,0.745,and 0.860,respectively,higher than those of the platform fields before rehabilitating.The results suggested that the constructed lakeshore wetland played an important role in protecting the diversity of species.展开更多
The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecologi...The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).展开更多
河流生态系统的生物组成、结构和功能依赖于河流水流的天然动态变化特征,即河流水文情势。变异性范围法(Range of Variability Approach,RAV)被广泛应用于评估河流生态系统是否得到维护。将RVA法的思路扩展到生态流量的计算,提出了一种...河流生态系统的生物组成、结构和功能依赖于河流水流的天然动态变化特征,即河流水文情势。变异性范围法(Range of Variability Approach,RAV)被广泛应用于评估河流生态系统是否得到维护。将RVA法的思路扩展到生态流量的计算,提出了一种简便、立足整体河流水文情势的生态流量估算方法。该方法使用均值与RVA阈值差计算了生态流量值,为维持河流健康生态系统提供支持。将该方法应用于南水北调西线一期工程中泥曲河的生态流量估算,得到引水坝址仁达处年可调径流量为6.44亿m3,与其他生态需水估算方法的结论基本一致。另提出了可支配系数反映河流流量可调用状况。南水北调西线一期工程计划从泥曲调水8亿m3·a-1,从RVA法的理念来看,该方案对仁达至朱巴河段的生态系统将构成威胁,需谨慎实施。展开更多
文摘It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin of the Yellow River, which is mainly located in Northern China. So the western route project of south-north water transfer scheme （WRP-SNWTS） aims to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. The area of WRP-SNWT, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the main areas of Sichuan and the marginal areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has sufficient water resources but fragile ecology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for WRP-SNWT to analyze the ecology water required. Based on the planning principles of from low elevation to high elevation, from small to large, from short to long and from easy to difficulty, the WRP-SNWT will be constructed through three stage projects. The western route first stage project of the south-north water transfer scheme （WRFST-SNWTS） is planned to transfer 4×10^9m^3/a from six tributaries of the Yalong river and from Dadu river to Jiaqu of Yellow River.. Daqu river and Niqu river are the branches of Xianshui river. Sequ river, Duke river, Make river and Ake river are the branches of Dadu river, which account for 65-70% of the total river run-off. It need more research and the rest run-off can satisfy channel ecology water required. According to analysis ecological water required which mainly satisfy for aquicolous biology in water-exporting region, such as low air temperature. Fish and aquicolous biology main living from May to August, and rivers are iced up from December to March of next year, ecology water required mainly for fish and aquicolous biology. The flow criterion of Tennant method is modified. The ecology water required of WRFSP-SNWTS is estimated by the flow data of Zhuwo gauging station, Zhuba gauging station, Chuosijia gauging station and Zumuzu gauging station. The result show that the ecology water required calculated by modified Tennant less 1 l percent than that of Tennant. This estimating result can supply more water resources for transferring to Yellow River. Meanwhile, this can supply gist for research transferring water of WRFSP-SNWTS.
基金This work was supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(Grant No.2006BAC10B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Japan Science and Technology Agency(NSFCJST)Strategic Joint Research Project(Grant No.50721140017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50508019).
文摘To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the Southto-NorthWater Transfer Project,species composition,coverage,height,and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites of the study area on the shore of Nansi Lake in April and May 2007 were investigated.The wetlands under investigation were divided into platform fields,transition zones,and shallow water zones according to differences in elevations,water levels,and human activities.The species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou Evenness index were adopted to delineate and discuss the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation in 22 quadrates.Results showed that the species richness of the wetland areas after 2 years’rehabilitation amounted to 47 of 24 families,higher than 25 of 20 families in areas without rehabilitation.The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitated areas were also higher than those of platform fields and fish ponds where there was no rehabilitation.In addition,the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and community evenness index of platform fields in rehabilitated wetland areas were 1.619,0.745,and 0.860,respectively,higher than those of the platform fields before rehabilitating.The results suggested that the constructed lakeshore wetland played an important role in protecting the diversity of species.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51021066)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2010CB951102)
文摘The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).
文摘河流生态系统的生物组成、结构和功能依赖于河流水流的天然动态变化特征,即河流水文情势。变异性范围法(Range of Variability Approach,RAV)被广泛应用于评估河流生态系统是否得到维护。将RVA法的思路扩展到生态流量的计算,提出了一种简便、立足整体河流水文情势的生态流量估算方法。该方法使用均值与RVA阈值差计算了生态流量值,为维持河流健康生态系统提供支持。将该方法应用于南水北调西线一期工程中泥曲河的生态流量估算,得到引水坝址仁达处年可调径流量为6.44亿m3,与其他生态需水估算方法的结论基本一致。另提出了可支配系数反映河流流量可调用状况。南水北调西线一期工程计划从泥曲调水8亿m3·a-1,从RVA法的理念来看,该方案对仁达至朱巴河段的生态系统将构成威胁,需谨慎实施。
