The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function in...The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use.The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive,efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature.Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth,many cities are undergoing urban sprawl,which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology,living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City.Also,four future land use scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model that couples human and natural effects.Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL)and an increase in ecological land(EL)and living land(LL)in Xining City.Forestry ecological land(FEL)covered the top largest proportion;agriculture productive land(APL)showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL)presented a dramatic increase.The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010,mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL.However,the encroachment of U-RLL into APL,other ecological land(OEL)and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality.The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario,characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment,would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL,and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.展开更多
Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecolog...Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.展开更多
As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted de...As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.展开更多
[Objectives] To observe the effect of "One Disease, One Product" nursing program in improving swallowing function and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients.[Methods] 240 patients with stroke co...[Objectives] To observe the effect of "One Disease, One Product" nursing program in improving swallowing function and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients.[Methods] 240 patients with stroke complicated with dysphagia were divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table method, with 120 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group were treated with "One Disease, One Product" nursing program for standardized process nursing, and the control group was treated with routine nursing for stroke. Three weeks later, the swallowing function of the two groups of patients was evaluated by water swallowing test. At the same time, Barthel life index was used to evaluate patients activities of daily living (ADL) before nursing, after 3 weeks and after 3 months of nursing.[Results] After 3 weeks, the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function in both groups increased compared with before, and the increase was more obvious in the intervention group. The difference in the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function between the intervention group and the control group was statistically significant. The BI index scores after 3 weeks or at the follow-up three months later showed that compared with the same group before care, the BI index scores of patients in both groups increased significantly compared with before, but the increase was even greater in the intervention group, close to normal.[Conclusions] The "One Disease, One Product" nursing program can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke patients, and can improve the near and long-term activities of daily living of patients, thus creating a high-quality nursing service brand.展开更多
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661038)Soft Science Research Project of Science and Technology Department of Qinghai province(No.2015-ZJ-602)
文摘The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use.The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive,efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature.Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth,many cities are undergoing urban sprawl,which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology,living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City.Also,four future land use scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model that couples human and natural effects.Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL)and an increase in ecological land(EL)and living land(LL)in Xining City.Forestry ecological land(FEL)covered the top largest proportion;agriculture productive land(APL)showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL)presented a dramatic increase.The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010,mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL.However,the encroachment of U-RLL into APL,other ecological land(OEL)and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality.The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario,characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment,would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL,and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.
文摘Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.
基金the paper is the phased achievement of Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China——“Study on the Supporting Policies in Limited Development Zones”(11BJL058) directed by the author
文摘As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.
文摘[Objectives] To observe the effect of "One Disease, One Product" nursing program in improving swallowing function and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients.[Methods] 240 patients with stroke complicated with dysphagia were divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table method, with 120 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group were treated with "One Disease, One Product" nursing program for standardized process nursing, and the control group was treated with routine nursing for stroke. Three weeks later, the swallowing function of the two groups of patients was evaluated by water swallowing test. At the same time, Barthel life index was used to evaluate patients activities of daily living (ADL) before nursing, after 3 weeks and after 3 months of nursing.[Results] After 3 weeks, the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function in both groups increased compared with before, and the increase was more obvious in the intervention group. The difference in the proportion of stroke patients with normal swallowing function between the intervention group and the control group was statistically significant. The BI index scores after 3 weeks or at the follow-up three months later showed that compared with the same group before care, the BI index scores of patients in both groups increased significantly compared with before, but the increase was even greater in the intervention group, close to normal.[Conclusions] The "One Disease, One Product" nursing program can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke patients, and can improve the near and long-term activities of daily living of patients, thus creating a high-quality nursing service brand.