Economic Analysis Study of Agricultural and Solar Complementary System

Agro-photovoltaic complementary system(APCS)is an innovative land use model combining agricultural production with photovoltaic power generation,aiming to realize dual land use and improve land use efficiency and economic benefits by installing photovoltaic panels on farmland.With the growth of global energy demand and the intensification of climate change,agro-photovoltaic(APV)systems have received widespread attention as a sustainable energy solution.Studies have shown that agro-photovoltaic systems exhibit significant economic benefits in different regions and crop types.Through reasonable system design and optimization,the agricultural and photovoltaic complementary system is not only technically feasible,but also has significant economic advantages,which provides a strong support for achieving the goal of sustainable development.

Economic Analysis and Research of New Energy Vehicle Promotion Model

New energy vehicles represent the inevitable trend of future development.Compared to traditional fuel vehicles,they are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly,effectively reducing air pollution and mitigating excessive exploitation of oil resources,a stance strongly supported by governments.However,new energy vehicles possess certain drawbacks in terms of price and usability compared to traditional counterparts.Therefore,external support is imperative for their development.This paper delineates four main sections:the background of new energy vehicle promotion and application,a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign promotion models,specific promotion suggestions,and future development prospects.By leveraging insights from economic analysis,the optimal promotion model for new energy vehicles is elucidated.

The Economic Analysis of Law as a Reference for the Grounds of Judicial Decisions

The present article aimed to analyze the application of the economic analysis of Law as a reference for the reasoning of judicial decisions.To that end,an analysis was carried out on the definitions of what is hermeneutics and economic analysis of law,based on the construction of the matrix rule of conduct for public administration.The method of the approach followed was empirical-dialectical,using bibliographic,legislative and jurisprudential research,having a reference to the Law and Economics.

Techno-Economic Optimization of Novel Stand-Alone Renewable Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station near Bahria Town Karachi,Sindh Pakistan

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most interesting and innovative technology in the 21st century because of theirenormous advantages, both technically and economically. Their emissions rate compared to fuel-based vehicles isnegligible as they do not consume fuel and hence do not emit any harmful gases. However, their bulk production,adoption and lack of charging stations increase the stress of power stations due to modern-day lifestyles. If Electricvehicles demand increases drastically then conventional power stations will not bear their demand and if theygenerate electricity by conventional means it will be very costly and may further add greenhouse gases. Therefore,this research provides the techno-economic assessment of a stand-alone renewable-dependent electric vehiclecharging station, excluding any burden on electrical utility. The proposed study is carried out in Bahria Town,Karachi, a city in Pakistan. In this study, HOMER Pro software was utilized for techno-economic assessment. Ahybrid system comprising solar Photovoltaic/Wind Turbine/Fuel cells and battery storage is included in the model.Solar and wind resources were taken from NASA’s website, where charging stations will be integrated. The overallresults show promising in terms of total Net Present Cost and the Cost of Energy which are 2.72M $ and 0.237 $,respectively. The total system generation is 3,598 Megawatt hours per year, and the total energy consumption is 885Megawatt hours per year.

Conductor selection and economic analysis of D.R.congo–guinea±800 kV UHVDC transmission project

Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization,urbanization and regionalization.Based on co-development of‘Electricity,Mining,Metallurgy,Industry and Trade’and grids interconnection proposed by Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO),the high-quality hydropower resource of the Congo River can be exploited in large scale under the wide-range interconnected framework of African Energy Interconnection(AEI),forging a new engine for Africa economy.The transmission distance of the Congo River hydropower reaches 6,000 km at its farthest end in North Africa,which brings forth challenges to economics of proposed projects.Under this novel continental energy interconnection scheme in Africa,economics of those projects have not yet been in detail studied.This paper has implemented China’s mature engineering experiences and analytical tools of UHVDC project planning into the AEI structure,through exploring the economic behavior of ultra-long distance UHVDC projects in the scope of conductor selection in the Congo River hydropower transmission for the first time,and has provided concerned parties with a technical and analytical results of their economics comparison.This paper has chosen the D.R.Congo-Guinea±800 kV UHVDC project as a typical example.Its preliminary system planning is introduced and three types of conductor are selected for scheme comparison.Later in this paper,the transmission loss,total investment and equivalent annual cost of the project have been calculated and analyzed.In the final part,sensitivity analysis results of the annual cost to utilization hours,transmission loss,loss tariff and construction cost has been provided.

Economic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant Using DEEP-3.2 Software

Reverse osmosis （RO） is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number of installations around the world. The economic and technical performance of a medium-capacity RO desalination plant （2,000 m^3/day） proposed to be installed in Umm Qasr city south of Basra, Iraq is analyzed using DEEP-3.2 software created by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）. This port city is located on the Gulf shore and does not have any fresh water resources. The analysis shows that the cost of fresh water produced by this plant is US$0.986/m^3 with a good quality of fresh water （279 ppm）, which is a reasonable price for this remote area. The analysis also shows an increase in water production cost of about 12% at increased electricity price from 0.06 to 0.1 US$/kWh, 53% when the seawater salinity increased from 35,000 to 45,000 ppm, 2.5% when the seawater temperature decreased from 33 ℃ to 20 ℃, and 0.71% when the interest rate increased from 0% to 5%. Pumping fresh water from the Basra purification plant （located 175 km north of Umm Qasr） is 22.16 times the cost and 236.7% poorer quality than the fresh water produced by the RO plant.

Diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 19-9,and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 in gastrointestinal cancers

BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.

Economic analysis of spider web airline networks

The distinct network organization, management, service and operating characteristics of US Southwest Airlines are key elements of its success compared with other airlines. As a network organization type, the spider web airline network has received more attention. In this paper, we analyzed the relation between the spider web airline network and spider web, and the structure of spider web airline network, built the assignment model of the spider web airline network,and investigated the economics concerned.

Economic analysis of coal depleted cities and investment countermeasures

Based on a comprehensive material and research, various factors are analyzed that influence coal depleted cities economic development. From this analysis investment countermeasures are put forward for the coal depleted cities economy development.

Comprehensive Study,Design and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar PV Powered Water Pumping System

The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,longer operating life,highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases.In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC–DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT,quality of input and output currents.We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array,present state of the technology,factors affecting the performance of the system,efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps.Also,the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software.The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity.The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented.It is observed that the capital investment requirement is$7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be$134.93.In the long-term perspective,the return on investment is−2.18%as per the present tariff plan.

Economic Analysis of Diesel Fuel Subsidy Policy in China's Fishery

In this paper,on the basis of an overview of the evolution of diesel fuel subsidy policy in China's fishery,we perform an economic analysis of the existing diesel fuel subsidy policy,and believe that it is fishing shareholders rather than fishermen who benefit most from the diesel fuel subsidy policy. The diesel fuel subsidy policy is not conducive to fishery resources protection,it will cause no fluctuation in the supply price of aquatic products,and it can not effectively increase the income of all fishermen. It is necessary to focus on subsidy method,subsidy links and subsidy level to improve diesel fuel subsidy efficiency,lower production costs,stabilize fishery production,and increase the income of fishermen.

Economical Analysis of Milk Production in the Farms of Siedlce Region

Last years the most profitable line of activity in agriculture is considered with milk production. The-effectiveness of this project depends primarily on the direct costs and the obtained of purchase price. Therefore the aim of this work was to analyze the financial results of dairy farms in the east part of Mazovia region. Completing the research in 2010, to the owners of 36 farms were sent a questionnaire containing 18 questions. The obtained data were used to characterize the various research facilities. And then the whole population was devoted on the 6 production groups, depend on the number of physical units of dairy cows. Moreover, based on survey data, an analysis of the profitability of milk production was done. It was the following economic values： direct costs, revenue, gross margin and the index of production profitability. Also the statistical analysis by calculating the Pearson linear correlation coefficient （r） and coefficient of determination （R2） was done. The study showed that the highest annual yield of milk from a cow at the level of 7500 kg, reached the farmers with the area of l 9.7 ha of with the density of 1.82 BFU/ha and with 8 years of cow utilization. Respondents from this group also received the highest value of effectiveness index （184.60%）. In addition, the performed regression analysis showed significant positive correlation between the effectiveness index and the surface agricultural lands occurring in the farms, density of agricultural lands, and efficiency from a cow and the price of milk.

Economic analysis in product design——A case study of a TCM dietary supplement

An approach for the economic analysis of chemical product design is proposed. It takes into account of customers' preference on product quality and economic considerations such as pricing, profit, market share, capital investment, and operating cost. The activities needed to support business decision making – identifying product quality, estimating product cost, calculating financial metrics, and performing make–buy analysis – are discussed.The design of a Ganoderma lucidum dietary supplement, a traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) product, is used to illustrate all the activities in this approach.

Contribution to the Economic Analysis of Hydrocarbon Exploitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

The present paper is a contribution to the economic analysis of the exploitation of depleted natural resources and in particular hydrocarbons in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region.The methodological tools used are both the marginal economic analysis,the application of the Hotelling rule and the multi-criteria choice of exploitation of a natural resource with sensitivity analysis of the first and second optimal solution.The choice of natural resource used to be based on a single criterion,cost.Today,the multi-criteria method is followed,according to which many criteria are taken into account at the same time.The return on investment from the exploitation of a mineral resource in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region is obtained through multi-criteria selection and sensitivity analysis of the prevailing solution.

Design and Economic Analysis of a Grid-connected Rooftop Solar PV System for Typical Home Applications in Oman

This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.

Political and Economic Analysis of the South Silk Road： from a Transportation Safety Perspective

With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, West Asia and Europe. The transportation corridor established by the South Silk Road has both important strategic significance and value for China's transportation safety, and the potential to bring huge political and economic benefits to our country. However, all kinds of challenges and threats need to be dealt with in order for it to achieve strategic value and play the role of a transportation corridor, thereby ensuring China's strategic security.

Economical Analysis of Flexible Machining

From the point of view of market economy, aiming at the flexible machiningproblem,this paper discusses how to determine the maximum profit-orientedoptimum preduction quantity, optimum cutting speed and optimum price underthe condition of single machines,single type of product and limited resources.

Performance-Economic and Energy Loss Analysis of 80 KWp Grid Connected Roof Top Transformer Less Photovoltaic Power Plant

In India most part receives 4 - 7 kWh of solar radiation per square meter per day with 200 - 250 sunny days in a year. Tamilnadu state also receives the highest annual radiation in India. In this paper, the grid connected photovoltaic plant has a peak power of 80 KWp supplies electricity requirement of GRT IET campus during day time (7 hrs) and reduces load demand and generates useful data for future implementation of such PV plant projects in the Tamilnadu region. Photovoltaic plant was installed in April 2015, monitored during 6 months, and the performance ratio and the various power losses (power electronics, temperature, soiling, internal, network, grid availability and interconnection) were calculated. The PV plant supplied 64,182.86 KWh to the grid from April to September 2015, ranging from 11,510.900 to 10,200.9 kWh. The final yield ranged from 143.886 (h/d) to 127.51 (y/d), reference yield ranged from 201.6 (h/d) to 155.31 (h/d) and performance ratio ranged from 71.3% to 82.1%, for a duration of six months, it had given a performance ratio of 83.82%, system efficiency was 4.16% and the capacity factor of GRT IET Campus for six months was 18.26%. Payback period in years = 9 years 4 months, energy saving per year = 204,400 KWh, cost reduction per year = 1,737,400, Indian rupee = 26,197.30 USD and total CO2 reductions per year = 102,200 tons CO2/year.

Economic Analysis of Biodiesel and Glycerol Carbonate Production Plant by Glycerolysis

Techno-economic analysis of an indirect use of carbon dioxide within the route of glycerolysis of glycerol with urea is investigated. The results show that the net present value of the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by glycerolysis is higher than the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by direct carboxylationat at the end of the 12-year operation with similar capacities. The stochastic model has predicted that using glycerolysis route for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate production might increase the probability of getting positive net present value by about 15%.