Statistical Communique of the People's Republic of China on the 1998 National Economic and Social Development

In 1998, facing the complicated and severe domestic and internationaleconomic environment, people of all nationalities, under the correct lead-ership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, implement-ed a series of policies aiming at increasing input and expanding domesticdemand. Difficulties brought about by the Asian financial crisis and dev-astating flooding were overcome, various reforms were further deepened,and economic growth was promoted, resulting in great achievements at-tracting worldwide attention.

Modern Electronic Information Industry to Promote Economic and Social Information—An Interview with Electronics Industry Minister Hu Qili

Spurred by the world information tide, China has organized a series of information projects, called the "Three Gold" projects. Recently I had an interview with Mr. Hu Qili, Minister of Electronics Industry, about the establishment of China’s modern Electronic Information Industry. Mr. Hu told me that information is the mark of development of a modern society and electronics is the major means of carrying information. Establishing

Regulatory Targets and Major Tacks for Economic and Social Development

The year 1998 was very unusual.Faced with the impact of the asian financial crisis,the central authorities resolutely made the

Study on the Impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway on Highquality Economic and Social Development

Based on the new development concept in China's new stage of high-quality development,this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway(HSR)on high-quality economic and social development.We select the data of areas along Beijing-Shanghai HSR and adjacent unopened areas for quantitative comparative study,and summarize the important demonstration and enlightenment role of Beijing-Shanghai HSR.The results show that Beijing-Shanghai HSR,as an important national infrastructure project,not only improves the travel quality of people,but also drives the high-quality economic and social development,which is of great significance in promoting the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development along the line,especially in promoting green development.

Characterizing Economic and Social Properties of Trust and Reputation Systems in P2P Environment

Considering the fact that P2P （Peer-to-Peer） systems are self-organized and autonomous, social-control mechanism （like trust and reputation） is essential to evaluate the trustworthiness of participating peers and to combat the selfish, dishonest and malicious peer behaviors. So, naturally, we advocate that P2P systems that gradually act as an important information infrastructure should be multi-disciplinary research topic, and reflect certain features of our society. So, from economic and social perspective, this paper designs the incentive-compatible reputation feedback scheme based on well-known economic model, and characterizes the social features of trust network in terms of efficiency and cost. Specifically, our framework has two distinctive purposes： first, from high-level perspective, we argue trust system is a special kind of social network, and an accurate characterization of the structural properties of the network can be of fundamental importance to understand the dynamics of the system. Thus, inspired by the concept of weighted small-world, this paper proposes new measurements to characterize the social properties of trust system, that is, high global and local efficiency, and low cost; then, from relative low-level perspective, we argue that reputation feedback is a special kind of information, and it is not free. So, based on economic model, VCG （Vickrey-Clarke-Grove）-like reputation remuneration mechanism is proposed to stimulate rational peers not only to provide reputation feedback, but truthfully offer feedback. Furthermore, considering that trust and reputation is subjective, we classify the trust into functional trust and referral trust, and extend the referral trust to include two factors： similarity and truthfulness, which can efficiently reduce the trust inference error. The preliminary simulation results show the benefits of our proposal and the emergence of certain social properties in trust network.

Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban sustainability.Our analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island effect.The evaluation of pavement types and variables influencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our research.Which serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable practices.By highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within thefield,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural advancements.This review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

Existing contradictions and problems in China’s current economic and social development

Since the 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China(CPC),China has made important achievements and headway in economic and social development.However,now more than ever the focus should be on the conflicts and problems that continue to exist in China’s economy.This paper examines six of them:(1)lack of a firm foundation for sustaining steady economic growth;(2)risks and hidden dangers in the financial,banking,and real estate sectors and massive overcapacity in some industries;(3)increasing difficulty in increasing agricultural production and raising rural incomes;(4)severe air,water,and soil pollution in certain regions and the arduous task of energy conservation and emissions reduction;(5)major structural problems constraining employment;and(6)issues of people’s livelihood that have been the source of dissatisfaction for many Chinese citizens.

BASF Issues First Report on Economic,Environmental,and Social Performance

Seven key indicators standardize and integrate transparency BASF, the world’s leading chemical company, will enhance its transparency in Greater China by reporting annually on seven key financial, social and environmental indicators: sales, number of employees,

Industrialization, Modernization and Self-Organization

This paper studies the industrialization of China, a key problem of Chinese economic development with self-organization theory in system science. The dual economic structure of modern industry and traditional agriculture existing simultaneously is the typical economic structure for most developing countries. How can we break the dual economic structure? After China has carried out the peasant family output-related system of contracted responsibilities, the rural enterprises which develop swiftly and violently are setting up a bridge between traditional agriculture and modern industry. This paper models the triple economic structure formed by traditional agriculture, rural enterprises and modern industry. From the study of structure evolution, we obtain the important relationship between economic growth rate, the rate of technological progress, the growth rate of capital and the growth rate of population, deduce three critical points of population growth, and find out the conditions under which the national economic system forms a stable and orderly self-organized structure. On the basis of quantitative analysis, we propose an approach to the strategies of industrialization of China, especially to the problem of rural enterprise development and rural labor transfer, and give three conclusions and four developmental strategies about national economic system.

Development Strategy of Urban Cultural Scene to Promote the Upgrading of Regional Cultural Consumption in Shaanxi

Regional cultural patterns and characteristics play a positive role in economic and social development.By planning and constructing cultural amenities and creating cultural scenes,the spatial quality and quality of life in a region can be enhanced,facilitating the expansion of cultural consumption.Shaanxi,with its rich historical and cultural resources,positions the capital city of Xi’an as a“world historical city”,boasting a vast number of cultural amenities represented by“cultural facilities”,“cultural activities”,“cultural experiences”,and“cultural services”.The development of urban cultural scene,with the aim of promoting the upgrading of regional cultural consumption in Shaanxi,requires comprehensive planning and a multifaceted approach,particularly in integrating provincial cultural scenes,clarifying the positioning of cultural scenes,innovating cultural scene experience projects,creating cultural scene intellectual property(IP),and empowering cultural scenes through the application of science and technology.

Variable Parameter Nonlinear Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking Considering Mitigation of Drive-train Load

Since mechanical loads exert a significant influence on the life span of wind turbines, the reduction of transient load on drive-train shaft has received more attention when implementing a maximum power point tracking U+0028 MPPT U+0029 controller. Moreover, a trade-off between the efficiency of wind energy extraction and the load level of drive-train shaft becomes a key issue. However, for the existing control strategies based on nonlinear model of wind turbines, the MPPT efficiencies are improved at the cost of the intensive fluctuation of generator torque and significant increase of transient load on drive train shaft. Hence, in this paper, a nonlinear controller with variable parameter is proposed for improving MPPT efficiency and mitigating transient load on drive-train simultaneously. Then, simulations on FAST U+0028 Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence U+0029 code and experiments on the wind turbine simulator U+0028 WTS U+0029 based test bench are presented to verify the efficiency improvement of the proposed control strategy with less cost of drive-train load. © 2017 Chinese Association of Automation.

MAS Based Distributed Automatic Generation Control for Cyber-Physical Microgrid System

The microgrid is a typical cyber-physical microgrid system (CPMS). The physical unconventional distributed generators (DGs) are intermittent and inverter-interfaced which makes them very different to control. The cyber components, such as the embedded computer and communication network, are equipped with DGs, to process and transmit the necessary information for the controllers. In order to ensure system-wide observability, controllability and stabilization for the microgrid, the cyber and physical component need to be integrated. For the physical component of CPMS, the droop-control method is popular as it can be applied in both modes of operation to improve the grid transient performance. Traditional droop control methods have the drawback of the inherent trade-off between power sharing and voltage and frequency regulation. In this paper, the global information (such as the average voltage and the output active power of the microgrid and so on) are acquired distributedly based on multi-agent system (MAS). Based on the global information from cyber components of CPMS, automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic voltage control (AVC) are proposed to deal with the drawback of traditional droop control. Simulation studies in PSCAD demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methods. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Semantic Similarity between Ontologies at Different Scales

In the past decade, existing and new knowledge and datasets have been encoded in different ontologies for semantic web and biomedical research. The size of ontologies is often very large in terms of number of concepts and relationships, which makes the analysis of ontologies and the represented knowledge graph computational and time consuming. As the ontologies of various semantic web and biomedical applications usually show explicit hierarchical structures, it is interesting to explore the trade-offs between ontological scales and preservation/precision of results when we analyze ontologies. This paper presents the first effort of examining the capability of this idea via studying the relationship between scaling biomedical ontologies at different levels and the semantic similarity values. We evaluate the semantic similarity between three gene ontology slims (plant, yeast, and candida, among which the latter two belong to the same kingdom-fungi) using four popular measures commonly applied to biomedical ontologies (Resnik, Lin, Jiang-Conrath, and SimRel). The results of this study demonstrate that with proper selection of scaling levels and similarity measures, we can significantly reduce the size of ontologies without losing substantial detail. In particular, the performances of Jiang-Conrath and Lin are more reliable and stable than that of the other two in this experiment, as proven by 1) consistently showing that yeast and candida are more similar (as compared to plant) at different scales, and 2) small deviations of the similarity values after excluding a majority of nodes from several lower scales. This study provides a deeper understanding of the application of semantic similarity to biomedical ontologies, and shed light on how to choose appropriate semantic similarity measures for biomedical engineering. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Foundation Treatment in Urban Underground Engineering Using Big Data Analysis for Smart City Applications

A core element of the sustainable approach to global living quality improvement can now become the intensive and organized usage of underground space.There is a growing interest in underground building and growth worldwide.The reduced consumption of electricity,effective preservation of green land,sustainable wastewater and sewage treatment,efficient reverse degradation of the urban environment,and reliable critical infrastructure management can improve the quality of life.At the same time,technological innovations such as artificial intelligence(AI),cloud computing(CC),the internet of things(IoT),and big data analytics(BDA)play a significant role in improved quality of life.Hence,this study aims to integrate the technological innovations in urban underground engineering to ensure a high quality of life.Thus,this study uses big data analytics to carry out the status quo of foundation treatment and proposes a conceptual framework named the BDA with IoT on urban underground engineering(BI0T-UUE).This framework connects hidden features with various high-level sensing sources and practical predictive model characterization to lower building costs,productive infrastructure management,preparedness for disasters,and modern community smart services.The IoT integration gives an optimum opportunity to work towards the functionality of‘‘digital doubles’’of secret infrastructure,both economical and scalable,with the increasing sophistication and tooling of the underworld.The simulation analysis ensures the highest efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the underground engineering with a value of 96.54%and 97.46%.

Primary Analysis of Development Approach to Chinese Satellite Mobile Communication

The paper describes the development of mobile communication first and then points out that it is necessary for China to develop satellite mobile communication after comparing the cellular mobile communication with the satellite mobile communication. After comparing the geostationary satellite system with the low earth orbit satellite mobile communication system, as well as the single-beam system with the multibeams system, both used in satellite mobile communication, we suggest that China, according to its economic status and level of satellite technology, should develop a geostationary multibeam satellite for its domestic mobile communication.

中国典型城市群碳排放的影响机制研究——以长三角城市群为例

Urban agglomeration plays a vital role in fostering high-quality and sustainable development in China,where urbanization rates signifi-cantly influence both urban and rural environments,generating different economic and socio-spatial impacts that,in turn,influence carbon emissions in cities.To delve into the influencing mechanisms of carbon emissions,this paper examines the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions across 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China.It utilizes data on economic,social,and spatial factors from 2012 to 2019 and employs a spatial econometric regression model for analysis.The results indicate that carbon emissions of cities in the urban agglomeration exhibited strong spatial correlation from 2012 to 2019,characterized by relatively stable cold and hot spots,along with continuous outward spread of high-value zones.Economic and social factors demonstrate a significant positive spatial correlation with carbon emissions of a city,with weak spatial spillover effects.Spatial factors exhibit correlations with carbon emissions in both the city and neighboring cities,with strong spatial spillover effects.Moreover,the spatial layout and functional division of cities in the urban agglomeration also significantly impact the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions.