Economic Considerations in the China-EUP artnership: Perspectives of the Two Sides

Economic considerations occupy an important place in relations between China and theEuropean Union(EU). This paper will attempt to explain the reasons behind this and willexplore perspectives from both sides. The major points are as follows: (1) The end of theCold War and the growing phenomenon of economic globalization have made both sidesplace much more importance on developing bilateral economic relations. (2) Having re-defined economic development as its core national interests through the launch of reformsand an open-door policy, China views the EU as an increasingly significant economicpartner, particularly in the area of trade, investment, technology imports and economiccooperation. (3) The fundamental aim of the EUs economic policies is to explore to thefullest opportunities provided by Chinas development and to protect the economic securityof Europe. (4) Because of the different positions they hold and their varying levels ofdevelopment, some differences in policy considerations by the two partners are inevitable.However, both China and the EU have been making efforts to narrow these differences andwiden their shared interests, so as to promote their common economic goals.

Design framework for robotic surgery wards at hospitals:Computational implementation

Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field.Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery,or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare building.This paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards(RSWs)computationally.This proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each alternative.The framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geom etric and topological,the economic considerations,specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns,and the theory of,fShape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design alternatives.Accordingly,a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design stages.Numerical validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of RSWs.The main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls： Achieving the right balance

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environ- mental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing coun- tries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.