Study on Agglomeration and Fluctuation Situation and Development Countermeasures of Economic Crop Production in Hunan Province

[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the agglomeration and fluctuation situation of economic crop production in Hunan Province and to propose related development countermeasures. [Method] With agglomeration index and fluctuation index as main indicators, the agglomeration and fluctuation situation of the production of seven major economic crops in Hunan Province in recent decade was studied. [Result] The agglomeration index of sown area and yield of seven major economic crops in Hunan Province showed decreasing orders of ramie 〉 cotton 〉 tobacco 〉 rape〉 citrus 〉 tea 〉 vegetables, ramie 〉 cotton 〉 tobacco 〉 tea 〉 rape 〉 citrus 〉 vegetables, respectively; the fluctuation index of sown area and yield showed decreasing orders of ramie 〉 citrus 〉 vegetables 〉 cotton 〉 tea 〉 rape 〉 tobacco, citrus 〉 ramie 〉 tea 〉 cotton 〉 rape 〉 tobacco 〉 vegetables, respectively. In addition, stable regions, relatively stabte regions and fluctuation regions of sown area and yield in various main producing areas were identified, and corresponding development countermeasures were proposed. [Cenclusion] The key to accelerate the development of major economic crop production in Hunan Province is further improving the agglomeration level of vegetable, citrus, rape and tea production and focusing on maintaining the stability of citrus, ramie and cotton production in main producing areas.

Impact of Dry Warming on Economic and Characteristic Crop and Coping Technology in Northwest of China

Based on the state of characteristics of dry warming of modern climate changing,the response of growth,output and quality of main economic crops such as cotton,flax and winter rape and characteristic crop such as vinifera and apple were discussed.The coping technology for climate changing and measurements for serving the agricultural were provided.

Effects of Fenaminosulf on Yield and Benefit of Single Cropping Zizania latifolia

[Objective]The paper was to normalize the application of fenaminosulf in single cropping Zizania latifolia. [Method]Effects of spraying periods,different concentrations and spraying times of fenaminosulf on yield and output value of single cropping Z. latifolia were studied.[Result]In some regions where single cropping Z. latifolia could be harvested twice per year,fenaminosulf significantly promoted formation of swollen gall,and advanced the harvest period for about 50 d. Application of 0.5 g/L（ a.i.） fenaminosulf at 150,160 and 175 d post transplanting promoted swollen gall formation and enhanced the yield of Z. latifolia.In normal single cropping Z. latifolia growing regions,once application of fenaminosulf obviously advanced harvest period and improved yield and benefit of Z. latifolia,but with the increasing frequency of use,yield and benefit of Z. latifolia decreased significantly.[Conclusion]It is recommended that 1.0 g/L（a.i.） fenaminosulf can be applied for just once at 40-60 d post transplanting of Z. latifolia.

Development and application of plant transformation techniques

Genetic transformation is a powerful biotechnology for introducing novel genes into economically important plants from distantly-related plants or even unrelated species such as microbes and animals.This feat is impossible to be achieved by conventional breeding techniques.Development of transgenic plants has been a controversial subject since 1971 when the first genetically modified organism（GMO）was developed（James and Krattiger1996）.

Temporal Evolution of Carbon Storage in Chinese Tea Plantations from 1950 to 2010

Tea （Camellia sinensis）, an economically important crop grown in mountain regions, has been planted for thousands of years in South China. Tea plantations can potentially act as carbon （C） sink in local agrosystems due to their high plant biomass and provide soil conservation service. To assess the contribution of tea plantations to C sequestration, the chronosequence variations of C storage were assessed in the plants and soils （0-20 cm） of tea plantations in China from 1950 to 2010, and then the inter-annual and decadal variabilities of total C storage were estimated. TotM C stocks in tea plants and soils in 2010 were 34.4 and 93.45 Tg, respectively. Carbon sequestration from 1950 to 2010 was 30.6 and 39.0 Tg in the plants and soils, respectively. The highest C sequestration happened during the 1980s and the lowest during the 1950s. The decadal average C sequestration rate ranged from 20.4 to 113.9 g m2 year-1 in the standing tea plants, and from 54.6 to 98.8 g m-2 year-1 in soils during the period of 1950 to 2010. The average ratio of C storage in soils to that in plants was 3.00 ± 0.35 before 1970 and 2.44 ±0.18 after 1970. The results suggested that tea plantation ecosystems made an important contribution to the C sinks in Chinese tea-producing regions.