Relationship of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Arginase-1 Levels with Long-term Survival after Kidney Transplantation

In this study, we compared the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, interleukin-10 （IL-10）, and arginase-1 in long-term survival kidney transplant recipients （LTSKTRs） with those in short-term survival kidney transplant recipients （STSKTRs）. We then evaluated the relationship between these levels and graft function. Blood samples were collected from 50 adult LTSKTRs and 20 STSKTRs （graft survival approximately 1-3 years post-transplantation）. All patients had stable kidney function. The samples were collected at our institution during the patients＇ follow-up examinations between March 2017 and September 2017. The plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL- 10, and arginase- 1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. The levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were significantly higher in the LTSKTRs than in the STSKTRs. The time elapsed since transplantation was positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 in the LTSKTRs. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with the TGF-β1 level, and the serum creatinine level was negatively correlated with the TGF-β1 level. Higher serum levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were found in LTSKTRs than in STSKTRs, and we found that TGF-β1 was positively correlated with long-term graft survival and function. Additionally, TGF-β1 and arginase-1 levels were positively correlated with the time elapsed since transplantation. On the basis of these findings, TGF-β1 and arginase- 1 may play important roles in determining long-term graft survival. Thus, we propose that TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may potentially be used as predictive markers for evaluating long-term graft survival.

Nonlinear Differential Equation of Macroeconomic Dynamics for Long-Term Forecasting of Economic Development

In this article we derive a general differential equation that describes long-term economic growth in terms of cyclical and trend components. Equation is based on the model of non-linear accelerator of induced investment. A scheme is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equation by splitting solution into the rapidly oscillating business cycles and slowly varying trend using Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging. Simplest modes of the economic system are described. Characteristics of the bifurcation point are found and bifurcation phenomenon is interpreted as loss of stability making the economic system available to structural change and accepting innovations. System being in a nonequilibrium state has a dynamics with self-sustained undamped oscillations. The model is verified with economic development of the US during the fifth Kondratieff cycle (1982-2010). Model adequately describes real process of economic growth in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is one of major results that the model gives a rough estimation of critical points of system stability loss and falling into a crisis recession. The model is used to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of the US during the sixth Kondratieff cycle (2018-2050). For this forecast we use fixed production capital functional dependence on a long-term Kondratieff cycle and medium-term Juglar and Kuznets cycles. More accurate estimations of the time of crisis and recession are based on the model of accelerating log-periodic oscillations. The explosive growth of the prices of highly liquid commodities such as gold and oil is taken as real predictors of the global financial crisis. The second wave of crisis is expected to come in June 2011.

Systematic review of long-term Xingnao Kaiqiao needling efficacy in ischemic stroke treatment

OBJeCTIve：To systematically evaluate the long-term effect and safety ofXingnao Kaiqiao nee-dling method in ischemic stroke treatment. DATA ReTRIevAL： We retrieved relevant random and semi-random controlled trials that used theXingnao Kaiqiao needling method to treat ischemic stroke compared with various control treatments such as conventional drugs or other acupuncture therapies. Searched databases included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Information Resources System, Wanfang Medical Data System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, and PubMed, from May 2006 to July 2014. SeLeCTION CRITeRIA： Two authors independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction. The quality of articles was evaluated according to the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 5.1, and the study was carried out using Cochrane system assessment methods. RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis of the included studies. MAIN OUTCOMe MeASUReS： Mortality rate, recurrence rate, and disability rate were observed. ReSULTS：Nine randomized and semi-randomized controlled trials treating 931 cases of ischemic stroke were included in this review. Meta-analysis results showed that there were no sig-niifcant differences in mortality reduction （risk ratio （RR） = 0.58, 95% conifdence interval （CI）： 0.17–1.93,Z = 0.89,P = 0.37） or recurrence rate （RR = 0.55, 95%CI： 0.18–1.70,Z = 1.04,P = 0.30） of ischemic stroke patients between theXingnao Kaiqiao needling and control treatment groups. However, theXingnao Kaiqiao needling method had a tendency towards higher efifcacy in mor-tality reduction and recurrence rates. TheXingnao Kaiqiao needling method was signiifcantly better than that of the control treatment in reducing disability rate （RR = 0.51, 95%CI： 0.27–0.98, Z = 2.03,P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION：TheXingnao Kaiqiao needling method has a better effect than control treatment in reducing disability rate. The long-term effect ofXingnao Kaiqiao needling against ischemic stroke is better than that of control treatment. However, the limitations of this study limit the strength of the conclusions. Randomized controlled trials with a strict, reasonable design, and multi-center, large-scale samples and follow-up are necessary to draw conclusions aboutXingnao Kaiqiao needling.

Empirical Study on Impact of China's Economic Growth on Agricultural Trade

The proposal of"Belt and Road Initiative"has brought greater opportunities for the development of China's agricultural trade,but in recent years,China's agricultural trade deficit has shown a trend of gradually expanding.Based on the data of seven years from 2012 to 2018,this paper empirically analyzes the agricultural trade effect of China's economic growth.It is concluded that the consumption effect of agricultural trade in China's economic growth is anti-trade biased,the production effect and comprehensive effect of agricultural trade are pro-trade biased,and China's terms of trade of agricultural products tend to improve.This paper puts forward some relevant suggestions from the aspects of export structure,production mode,agricultural product processing,logistics mode,e-commerce system,inspection and quarantine and so on.

Long-term survival of more than 3 years among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy

AIM: To evaluate the prognostic factors of long-term survival of more than 3 years in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 474 patients with advanced ⅢB/Ⅳ NSCLC who received chemotherapy as initial treatment between September 2002 and March 2007.RESULTS: The median survival time(MST) was 12.5 mo and the 3 year and 5 year survival rates were 14.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Long-term survival of more than 3 and 5 years was observed in 65 and 16 patients, respectively. The MST for the 65 patients was61.5 mo(range, 60.1-81.0 mo). In the 474 patients, a good performance status(PS), female sex, non-smoking status and adenocarcinoma histology were significantly associated with a favorable outcome. Furthermore, female sex, a good PS, non-smoking status and adenocarcinoma histology were significantly correlated with longterm survival of more than 3 years and most of these patients(89.2%, 58/65) received epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors as any line treatment. Survival analysis of long-term survivors showed that a PS of 0 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting favorable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a good PS and adenocarcinoma histology play an important role in long-term survival of more than 3 years. A PS of 0 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting favorable outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC who survived for more than 3 years.

Mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 20 improves motor performance in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Genome-wide studies have reported that Parkinson’s disease is associated with abnormal expression of various growth factors. In this study, male C57 BL/6 mice aged 10 weeks were used to establish Parkinson’s disease models using an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. 28 days later, 10 or 100 ng fibroblast growth factor 20 was injected intracerebroventricularly. The electrophysiological changes in the mouse hippocampus were recorded using a full-cell patch clamp. Expression of Kv4.2 in the substantia nigra was analyzed using a western blot assay. Serum malondialdehyde levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The motor coordination of mice was evaluated using the rotarod test. The results showed that fibroblast growth factor 20 decreased A-type potassium current in neurons of the substantia nigra, increased long-term potentiation amplitude in the hippocampus, and downregulated Kv4.2 expression. A high dose of fibroblast growth factor 20 reduced serum malondialdehyde levels and enhanced the motor coordination of mice. These findings confirm that fibroblast growth factor 20 has a therapeutic effect on the toxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and its mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of A-type K+ currents and Kv4.2 expression. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China in 2017(approval No. KYLL-2017-0012).

Long-Term Projections of Global Food Requirements: Why Were We Wrong?

This article reports on and analyzes long-term projections of world food requirements compared with observed 2000 data reported by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization. The importance of this “post-mortem” is to strengthen the case for carrying out long-term projections of essential resources—food, energy, and non-fuel minerals— because of the long-lead times needed to insure that adequate global output levels of these basic ingredients of living standards will be met. This study should prove useful to those preparing today’s long-term projections, with world population projected to rise to over 9bn by mid-century.

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）, China

Understanding essential for formulating the trends in PM2.5 levels is clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）. The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and SO24 show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentra- tion ranges from 49.1 μg·m-3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m-3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg· m3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard （NAAQS） for PM2.5 （35 μg· m-3）. Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO2/4 are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8μg·m-3, respectively. NO3 and NH＋ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m-3 and 2.9 μg·m-3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m 3 and 5.3μg·m-3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of＋ 0.2 μg·m-3 ·yr-1 and ＋ 0.1 μg· m-3. yr-1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO2/4- are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.

Factors Affecting the Outlook for Medium-term to Long-term Growth in China

China achieved average GDP growth of nearly 10 percent over the period 1978-2015. However, how long can such high levels of growth be sustained, especially when per capita GDP levels have reached middle-income status, and the normal tendency of economies is to slow down as they mature？ This paper reviews the recent literature on the determinants and outlook for real GDP growth in China and addresses some of the key issues, including identifying supply-side factors that can support continued strong growth under favorable conditions, as well as risk factors that might cause growth to fall short. The paper reviews supply-side determinants of growth using a growth accounting framework, and also assesses major demand-side factors driving potential growth, including exports, capital formation and household consumption.

Tourism will be a Key Factor in the Global Drive out of Recession and a Strong Contributor to a Long Term Green Economic New Deal

Tourism is facing increasingly difficult conditions as the global economy deteriorates and Asia and the Pacific, one of fastest growing tourism regions in the world,is also strongly feeling the impact of the global slowdown.But,as concluded by the over 100 experts from 25 countries gathered in Guilin for the 2nd UNWTO Conference on

A Comparative Study of Land Economy under Different Ownerships in China

This paper creates a land economy model under the framework of the consistent growth theory to investigate the impacts of different forms of ownership on longterm economic equilibrium.As demonstrated under the model,in an economy of private ownership that allows the free transfer of land,land gradually becomes concentrated in the hands of a few;income growth deriving from technological progress merely contributes to the wealth and consumption of landowners;landless workers will struggle at the level of subsistence.An economy of public or collective ownership that forbids the transfer of land can ensure basic social equity.However,in a collective economy without a contract system,population is likely to grow excessively and thus requires external restraint.The conclusions of our model suggest that the long-term welfare and growth effect under collective ownership with a contract system is superior to those under private ownership and pure public ownership.

桃红四物汤与射频热凝术联用在颈腰椎间盘突出症患者中的治疗效果、经济成本与长期复发率的综合评估研究

目的:探究桃红四物汤与射频热凝术联用在颈腰椎间盘突出症患者中的治疗效果、经济成本与长期复发率的综合效果。方法:选取2021年3月至2023年3月本院收治的152例颈腰椎间盘突出症患者实施前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法分为研究组76例、对照组76例。对照组采取射频热凝术治疗,研究组采取桃红四物汤与射频热凝术联用治疗,比较两组疗效、疼痛程度、经济学指标、颈腰椎功能(JOA评分)、血清因子水平、椎间盘回缩长度与长期复发率的差异。结果:等级资料秩和检验显示,相较于对照组,研究组疗效与总有效率更好(P<0.05)。相较于对照组,研究组治疗后VAS评分、住院费用更低,住院时间更短(P<0.05)。相较于治疗前,治疗1 w后、治疗后3 m两组JOA评分均升高(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。相较于治疗前,治疗1 w后两组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-ɑ、CRP水平均降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。相较于对照组,研究组治疗后3m椎间盘回缩长度更高,而治疗后1y复发率更低(6.58%vs19.74%)(P<0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤与射频热凝术联合治疗颈腰椎间盘突出症具有较好疗效,可有效缓解疼痛程度,减少治疗费用,改善颈腰椎功能,调节血清因子水平,提升椎间盘回缩长度,降低长期复发率。

公共风险与经济中长期发展——分析框架、影响机制及政策选择

当前,全球经济中长期发展面临的主要问题是公共风险的衍化:由经济增长速度减缓向预期转弱、社会供需形成负反馈机制衍化;由就业岗位不足向工资风险溢价上升衍化;由刺激政策力度不够向结构性改革防范化解风险效能不足衍化。中国也不例外。所有的公共风险最终会转化为个人、企业和政府的成本,影响企业资产负债表、现金流量表,尤其会导致风险折现率提高、要素成本上升、经济潜在增长率下降。因此,必须高度重视公共风险治理,避免公共风险水平上升可能引发的经济长期衰退。基于对公共风险持续扩散的内在根源的剖析,本文提出当前应妥善处理六大关系,即发展与安全,数字经济与实体经济,农民市民化与乡村振兴,多元目标与政策协同,经济调控与经济治理,地方政府能力与事权、财权、财力匹配,从而实现对公共风险的有效对冲。

1985—2019年中国18个少数民族17岁学生身高长期趋势分析

目的:分析1985—2019年我国18个少数民族17岁学生身高生长长期变化趋势。方法:提取7次中国学生体质与健康调研报告(除1991年)中蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、苗族、布依族、侗族、白族、土家族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、土族、羌族等18个少数民族学生身高均值进行研究。结果:34年间各少数民族男生17岁身高均值显著增长(P<0.05)。2019年18个少数民族17岁男学生中,回族男生身高均值最高(173.09 cm),苗族男生身高均值最低(162.66 cm),每10年身高增长>1 cm的民族有侗族(1.96 cm/10年)、白族(1.96 cm/10年)、土家族(1.95 cm/10年)、羌族(1.80 cm/10年)、回族(1.80 cm/10年)、蒙古族(1.79 cm/10年)、土族(1.72 cm/10年)、维吾尔族(1.63 cm/10年)、藏族(1.61 cm/10年)、布依族(1.55 cm/10年)、纳西族(1.52 cm/10年)、傣族(1.35 cm/10年)、傈僳族(1.29 cm/10年)、哈尼族(1.25 cm/10年)、壮族(1.16 cm/10年)、佤族(1.06 cm/10年);每10年身高增长<1 cm的民族是苗族(0.95 cm/10年)。2019年,18个少数民族17岁女学生中,回族女生身高均值最高(161.71 cm),布依族女生身高均值最低(151.63 cm),每10年身高增长>1 cm的民族分别是土家族(1.80 cm/10年)、回族(1.52 cm/10年)、土族(1.25 cm/10年)、白族(1.23 cm/10年)、侗族(1.18 cm/10年)、朝鲜族(1.12 cm/10年)、羌族(1.04 cm/10年);34年间除维吾尔族、苗族女生外,其余少数民族女生身高增长显著(P<0.05)。结论:我国少数民族男生均出现了较为明显的生长长期趋势,大部分少数民族女生出现了较为明显的生长长期趋势,各民族男女生身高增长不平衡,证明我国不同地区、不同少数民族学生生长潜力得以发挥,对于身高增长较慢的民族需要给予更高的关注,而对于那些身高增长较快的民族也要预防其带来的负面效应。

长期配方施肥对核桃根际土壤环境及产量的影响研究

针对核桃生产中存在的不合理施肥造成的土壤板结、核桃产量品质降低等问题,以核桃园根际土壤为研究对象,共设5个施肥处理:对照(CK)、化肥(F)、化肥+有机肥(FM)、化肥+生物菌肥(FBO)、化肥+有机肥+生物菌肥(FMBO),研究连续7 a施肥后,根际土壤养分含量、微生物量碳氮、酶活性的变化及土壤特性与核桃产量的关系,为植物-土壤环境关系理论研究和核桃园土壤合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与CK和F相比,FBO和FMBO处理显著增加根际土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)含量(P<0.05);促进土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶和乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性增加;对土壤酸化有改善作用。与CK相比,FMBO处理根际土壤微生物量碳、氮分别增加612.8%和1784.8%(P<0.05);核桃产量增加187.4%(P<0.05),且FMBO经济效益最佳。此外,Mantel检验和VPA分析表明,SOM(根际:R^(2)=0.952;非根际:R^(2)=0.898)和TN(根际:R^(2)=0.856;非根际:R^(2)=0.923)是影响核桃产量的最主要因素。表明生物菌肥配施有机肥相较于单一施用化肥、有机肥或生物菌肥是改善核桃园根际土壤质量,实现增产增收,促进产业发展的重要措施。

分布式零碳能源规模化发展与产业空间格局重构——新经济地理学产业空间集聚模型的适用性辨析

新经济地理学从集聚力和分散力的角度来阐述空间结构变化,并且大多数新经济地理学模型重点研究了产业空间分布和知识溢出、环境污染等因素的关系,考虑到具有垄断特质的化石能源在碳中和时代导向下转向具有分散特质的零碳可再生能源为主的大趋势,进而对产业空间分布特征产生相应的影响。在传统新经济地理学模型的基础上,构建了一个以中心和外围地区为基础的经济地理模型,涵盖了非能源、化石能源(包括核能)和可再生能源三个不同部门,同时考虑了劳动力、资本和能源三个要素,并将可再生能源消费份额的提升作为重要的分散力。研究发现:化石能源和可再生能源消费份额的大小会影响中心和外围地区的资本收益率差异的长期均衡效用水平,并且可再生能源份额上升会导致中心地区的影响力趋于减弱;通过数值模拟来分析贸易自由度变化对产业空间均衡分布的影响,发现提高零碳可再生能源利用水平后,在产业空间分布格局所呈现的“中心-外围”形式中,中心地区的集聚力趋于弱化,外围地区的分散力得以强化;以零碳能源为要素的可再生能源系统能够使得产业空间组织方式发生变化,并推动经济空间集聚发展向均衡发展方向转变。可见可再生能源发展对产业空间布局所产生的影响,表现为推动能源生产结构由垄断集中向扁平分散化方向转移的动能,从而提速零碳能源的生产和消费革命,加速转轨别离化石能源。

二甲双胍对妊娠期高血糖孕妇后代远期影响的研究进展

妊娠期高血糖是指孕前或孕期发生的不同程度的糖代谢紊乱,严重影响母婴结局。近些年来,妊娠期高血糖的发病率不断增加,妊娠期高血糖的孕妇在饮食及运动管理控制不佳时通常采用胰岛素及口服药物治疗。二甲双胍作为一种口服降糖药物,在降低孕妇血糖的同时,还能降低新生儿低血糖、巨大儿等不良事件的发生率,有效控制孕妇孕期体质量增长。二甲双胍治疗对母体是安全的,但与胰岛素治疗不同的是,二甲双胍能够通过胎盘进入胎儿体内,因此仍然存在二甲双胍治疗对胎儿远期预后影响的担忧。目前国内外对二甲双胍治疗的产妇后代长期生长发育影响程度尚不明确,本综述就二甲双胍作用机制及后代远期生长发育影响进行总结,并为妊娠期高血糖临床指南标准后期制定提供借鉴内容。

国家现代农业产业园创建政策能否促进县域经济增长?

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