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Economic Risk Assessment of Future Debris Flows by Machine Learning Method
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作者 Chenchen Qiu Lijun Su +2 位作者 Alessandro Pasuto Giulia Bossi Xueyu Geng 《International Journal of Disaster Risk Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期149-164,共16页
A reliable economic risk map is critical for effective debris-flow mitigation.However,the uncertainties surrounding future scenarios in debris-flow frequency and magnitude restrict its application.To estimate the econ... A reliable economic risk map is critical for effective debris-flow mitigation.However,the uncertainties surrounding future scenarios in debris-flow frequency and magnitude restrict its application.To estimate the economic risks caused by future debris flows,a machine learning-based method was proposed to generate an economic risk map by multiplying a debris-flow hazard map and an economic vulnerability map.We selected the Gyirong Zangbo Basin as the study area because frequent severe debris flows impact the area every year.The debris-flow hazard map was developed through the multiplication of the annual probability of spatial impact,temporal probability,and annual susceptibility.We employed a hybrid machine learning model-certainty factor-genetic algorithm-support vector classification-to calculate susceptibilities.Simultaneously,a Poisson model was applied for temporal probabilities,while the determination of annual probability of spatial impact relied on statistical results.Additionally,four major elements at risk were selected for the generation of an economic loss map:roads,vegetation-covered land,residential buildings,and farmland.The economic loss of elements at risk was calculated based on physical vulnerabilities and their economic values.Therefore,we proposed a physical vulnerability matrix for residential buildings,factoring in impact pressure on buildings and their horizontal distance and vertical distance to debrisflow channels.In this context,an ensemble model(XGBoost) was used to predict debris-flow volumes to calculate impact pressures on buildings.The results show that residential buildings occupy 76.7% of the total economic risk,while roadcovered areas contribute approximately 6.85%.Vegetation-covered land and farmland collectively represent 16.45% of the entire risk.These findings can provide a scientific support for the effective mitigation of future debris flows. 展开更多
关键词 economic risk Future debris fows Gyirong Zangbo Basin Machine learning model Physical vulnerability matrix Southwest Tibet China
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China’s Economy in the Advanced Stage of Industrialization:Tendencies and Risks 被引量:7
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作者 黄群慧 《China Economist》 2015年第2期40-57,共18页
In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country's entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adaptin... In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country's entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adapting to decelerating economic growth. While recognizing the move toward a service-based economy, China must seek to prevent the risk of "manufacturing hollowing out. "' It must also avoid the "technology upgrade trap" while taking advantage of increasingly sophisticated industrial structures. Efforts must also be made to: (1) promote the integration of lT tools and meet risks arising from the New Industrial Revolution; (2) resolve liability risks arising from capacity reduction; and (3) expedite the transition to a functional industrial policy and prevent the failure of a functional industrial policy. In climbing up the global value chain, China must confront the competitive pressures from advanced and emerging economies on both high- and low-end processes of the global value chain. 展开更多
关键词 advanced stage of industrialization new normal TENDENCY economic risks
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Risk assessment of transnational oil investment in Central Asia using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method 被引量:2
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作者 Haitao Ma Zhan Sun Chuanglin Fang 《Regional Sustainability》 2020年第1期11-19,共9页
Central Asia(including five countries:Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,and Tajikistan)is rich in oil reserves and has become one of the most important target regions for global oil investment.The construc... Central Asia(including five countries:Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,and Tajikistan)is rich in oil reserves and has become one of the most important target regions for global oil investment.The construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt has prompted Central Asia to look outwards for more collaborations in the oil industry.China's need for oil investment in Central Asia has also increased significantly.This research established a comprehensive index system for assessing the risks of transnational oil investment in Central Asia.The system incorporated political,regulatory,economic,social,and infrastructural indices.Based on the Delphi method and fuzzy comprehension evaluation method,we qualitatively and quantitatively assessed and analyzed the risks of transnational oil investment in Central Asia.The results indicate that the risk score for regulatory risk was highest with the value of 6.1670,indicating a high risk level in transnational oil investment,followed by economic,social,political,and infrastructural risk indices.Of the 18 secondary risk indices calculated,there were seven indices with the probability of high risk occurrence exceeded 30.0%and the descending order was as follows:establishment of mining rights;host country intervention in operations;taxing system;stability of regulations;war and turmoil;labor capital;and ethnic,cultural,and religious differences.These seven critical risks should be watched closely and avoided during transnational oil investment in Central Asia.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks of investing oil in Central Asia.The findings demonstrate the causes of these risks and provide a scientific basis for reasonably avoiding oil investment risk and improving investment benefits for both host and investing countries. 展开更多
关键词 Transnational oil investment Political risk Regulatory risk economic risk Social risk Infrastructural risk
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On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic
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作者 Barbora Drugdova 《Chinese Business Review》 2018年第3期138-143,共6页
The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been p... The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters (Lowry, Rawlings, & Merkin, 2015). The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks. 展开更多
关键词 INSURANCE commercial insurance market non-life insurance classification of international risks political and economic risks and special types of risks insurance non-life market in Slovak Republic
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The "Stagflation" Risk and Policy Control: Causes, Governance and Inspirations
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作者 Zhenxia Wang 《China Finance and Economic Review》 2023年第1期48-66,共19页
The blend of economic stagnation and inflation is a challenge to the contemporary macroeconomic study.The causes,influence and policy implications of"stagflation"have been academically controversial.This pap... The blend of economic stagnation and inflation is a challenge to the contemporary macroeconomic study.The causes,influence and policy implications of"stagflation"have been academically controversial.This paper starts with the connections between energy crises and stagflation to research the causes of"stagflation"in the 1970s and analyze the realistic impact of energy crises.It then comparatively studies the current economic landscape and the landscape in the 1970s for similarities and differences,digs into the origin of the current macroeconomic situation,and on such basis proposes policy suggestions. 展开更多
关键词 STAGFLATION macroeconomic control economic risk fiscal policy monetary policy
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Risk Governance,Assessment,and Economic Impacts
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作者 Paula Teves-Costa JoséManuel Mendes 《International Journal of Disaster Risk Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第3期235-236,共2页
Due to climate change,growing urbanization,and population migration the social and economic impacts of natural hazards have been increasing worldwide.The challenge for risk science,both methodologically and conceptual... Due to climate change,growing urbanization,and population migration the social and economic impacts of natural hazards have been increasing worldwide.The challenge for risk science,both methodologically and conceptually,is to integrate robust multi-hazard evaluation models with 展开更多
关键词 risk Governance Assessment and economic Impacts
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