Transformation power or development pressure:economic growth targets and urban carbon productivity

Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2020,and employing methods such as intermediary and threshold models,this study empirically analyzes the internal mechanism of EGT’s impact on urban carbon productivity(UCP).Our findings demonstrate that:①The overall EGT during the analyzed period is not conducive to improving UCP.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests.This effect is more pronounced in the central region and resource-based cities than in the east-west region and non resource-based cities.②EGT not only directly suppresses UCP but also exerts indirect negative impacts on UCP from three aspects:delaying the digital economy(DE),constraining financial expansion(FE),and hindering green technology innovation(GTI).This negative indirect effect is similar to or even surpasses the direct effect,suggesting that the internal relationship between EGT and“dual-carbon”goals should be re-evaluated from a new compound perspective.③EGT not only has a simple linear impact on UCP but also significantly exhibits a dynamic evolution pattern in inverted“U”shape.That is,as EGT continuously upgrades,a nonlinear impact on UCP emerges in the form of“promoting first,suppressing later”.This indicates that surpassing the“degree”limit for EGT will be detrimental to the improvement of UCP.This study broadens the scope of carbon productivity analysis by introducing a new perspective centered on EGT.The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable guidance for local governments to effectively manage economic growth expectations and promote the synchronized achievement of dual-carbon objectives.

Economic Targets for 2008

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pledged that macroeconomic regulation will be improved to maintain fast yet steady development in 2008,when delivering the government work report during the opening meeting of the First Session of the 11th National People’s Congress on March 5.Excerpts follow:

Regulatory Targets and Major Tacks for Economic and Social Development

The year 1998 was very unusual.Faced with the impact of the asian financial crisis,the central authorities resolutely made the

Economic Growth Expectation Targets,Elastic Constraints,and High-Quality Economic Development

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in China from 2006 to 2019,the empirical study finds that the target values of economic growth expectation can promote high-quality economic development,and there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between elastic target constraints and high-quality economic development.The elastic constraints can reduce the investment rate and improve the total factor productivity(TFP),which promotes high-quality economic development,but its mediating effect accounts for a small proportion.With the improvement of the marketization degree,the inhibiting effect of elastic constraints on high-quality economic development reduces.The analysis of the heterogeneity between the new or old normal and the levels of economic development shows that in the future,developed regions should set high target values and low elastic constraints,and underdeveloped regions should set high elastic constraints on the target values of economic growth expectation.