Exploration on Relativity of Modern Economic Science:Viewpoint Based on Sustainable Development

Modem economics is necessary knowledge for people a market economic theory and a to understand market economy. However, when modem economic science puts in a ＂great economic system＂, modem economic science seems to be little convincing and even deviates from the science of sustainable development. This shows that modem economic science has relativity, and must be transformed by the idea of sustainable development.

Is Using Mathematics and Game Theory in Analyzing Economic Phenomena Scientific？

In the article, the author presents some arguments concerning the ＂mathematical method issue＂ in modem economics. The author shows why some reasons, according to which we should use mathematics in （economic） theory, are not convincing （they are even tautological）, and what does mathematization have to do with arbitrariness of the orthodox economic theory. The author also shows why using game theory （a mathematical discipline） in modem microeconomics does not yield knowledge and correct explanation of economic situations and phenomena. At the end, the author presents fundamental questions that form the basis of economic science and its qualitative research methods, and shows what their practical relevance is. The purpose of this article is to argue, contrary to common opinion, that there can be an exact and objective science of economic phenomena that does not necessarily use modem mathematical theories or methods to explain these phenomena.

Peace Theories & Quest for Peace: A Cross-cultural Perspective

Out of the plethora of peace theories,two stand out in particular:(a)the Kantian democratic theory of peace,which argues that peace depends on a league of democracies,and(b)the liberal economic theory of peace,that a free,open world market conduces to peace.In this essay,concrete examples are cited that would raise doubt on the validity of these theories.It then proceeds to examine whether culture would make a difference on the incidence of war.In this light,the Westphalian system of states is compared with the historical Chinese“tribute system”qua an inherent system of international relations.One distinct difference is found in the much lower incidence of wars in the latter system,as David Kang’s study identified that in 5 centuries(1368-1841)the Chinese tribute system had only two interstate wars within its circle of members,not counting the wars initiated by external,ex-regional Western powers.And,the religious wars that plagued the West were never found in the Chinese tribute system.In search of an answer to this almost incredible record of low incidence of war,this essay finds that the Confucian culture,with its emphasis on harmony and harmonization of opposites,in contradistinction to the teachings on conflict in Abrahamic cultures,seems to hold the key to an answer.If so,culture,rather than institutions(such as democracies,open world market,etc.)deserves to be seriously considered as a relevant factor contributing to peace.Most importantly,culture as such can be taught and disseminated,including through the classroom.

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.

Information Models for Forecasting Nonlinear Economic Dynamics in the Digital Era

The aim of this study was to develop an adequate mathematical model for long-term forecasting of technological progress and economic growth in the digital age (2020-2050). In addition, the task was to develop a model for forecast calculations of labor productivity in the symbiosis of “man + intelligent machine”, where an intelligent machine (IM) is understood as a computer or robot equipped with elements of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as in the digital economy as a whole. In the course of the study, it was shown that in order to implement its goals the Schumpeter-Kondratiev innovation and cycle theory on forming long waves (LW) of economic development influenced by a powerful cluster of economic technologies engendered by industrial revolutions is most appropriate for a long-term forecasting of technological progress and economic growth. The Solow neoclassical model of economic growth, synchronized with LW, gives the opportunity to forecast economic dynamics of technologically advanced countries with a greater precision up to 30 years, the time which correlates with the continuation of LW. In the information and digital age, the key role among the main factors of growth (capital, labour and technological progress) is played by the latter. The authors have developed an information model which allows for forecasting technological progress basing on growth rates of endogenous technological information in economics. The main regimes of producing technological information, corresponding to the eras of information and digital economies, are given in the article, as well as the Lagrangians that engender them. The model is verified on the example of the 5th information LW for the US economy (1982-2018) and it has had highly accurate approximation for both technological progress and economic growth. A number of new results were obtained using the developed information models for forecasting technological progress. The forecasting trajectory of economic growth of developed countries (on the example of the USA) on the upward stage of the 6th LW (2018-2042), engendered by the digital technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution is given. It is also demonstrated that the symbiosis of human and intelligent machine (IM) is the driving force in the digital economy, where man plays the leading role organizing effective and efficient mutual work. Authors suggest a mathematical model for calculating labour productivity in the digital economy, where the symbiosis of “human + IM” is widely used. The calculations carried out with the help of the model show: 1) the symbiosis of “human + IM” from the very beginning lets to realize the possibilities of increasing work performance in the economy with the help of digital technologies;2) the largest labour productivity is achieved in the symbiosis of “human + IM”, where man labour prevails, and the lowest labour productivity is seen where the largest part of the work is performed by IM;3) developed countries may achieve labour productivity of 3% per year by the mid-2020s, which has all the chances to stay up to the 2040s.

The End of Western Economic Growth Theory

Economics is a science that studies how the economy grows,so the theory of economic growth is the most important theory of economics.In the real market economy society,people achieve the goal of economic growth through two kinds of economic activities:production and transaction.Then a correct economic growth theory must be one that can explain both production and transaction economic activities.Just like Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics,it can explain the motion law of all objects.For a long time,we have been dominated by the western economic growth theory of western mainstream economics.It is not difficult to find that it has a fatal defect,which can only explain production economic activities but not transaction economic activities.So it can’t explain the Chinese economy,and it can’t explain the western economy.The new economic growth theory proposed in this paper makes up for the defects of western economic growth theory,and it is the terminator of western economic growth theory.This is a revolution of new economics to traditional western economics.

The core ideology of Ecological Marxism:Marx is the pioneer of internal factors theory of ecological environment

This paper from the unified visual angle of philosophy and economics has observed Marx's theory of ecological economics, clarified the misunderstanding on Marx's theory of nature and ecological environmental thought at home and abroad for a long time, studied systematically and deeply the Marx's thought that natural and ecological environment is external condition and internal elements of human social economic growth, confirmed firstly Marx is the forerunner who established the theory of internal cause of natural ecological environment. It is of far-reaching academic and practical significance.

The Rationale Behind Policymaker Hesitancy:Insight Into Correlation Between Disinflation and Interest Rates

This essay explores the reluctance of policymakers to reduce interest rates during disinflation,analyzing whether this hesitation aligns with prevailing economic theories.Drawing on historical and contemporary examples,the paper examines how monetary policy,particularly central bank credibility,plays a crucial role in shaping market expectations and guiding long-term economic behavior.It discusses the evolution of monetary strategies from the high inflation periods of the 1970s and 1980s to the modern focus on inflation targeting,financial stability,and the globalized economy.The analysis highlights key factors such as asymmetric risks,the challenge of managing low interest rates,and the potential for unintended consequences like a sset bubbles and distorted savings behavior.Ultimately,the paper concludes that central banks’cautious approach during disinflation reflects a commitment to maintaining price stability and protecting economic resilience in an increasingly interconnected global financial system.

An Empirical Analysis on Diversity of Regional Economic Growth in Jiangsu Province of China

By using index β * and δ * ,this paper carries out an empirical analysis on diversity of regional economic growth in Jiangsu province. Firstly, the paper, from the point of view of economics, divides diversity theories of economic growth into three categories, i.e. the theory of convergence, the theory of divergence and the theory of constant differentials, and analyses them respectively. Secondly, the paper, using sectional and time series data, compares and studies regional economic growth among southern, middle and northern part of Jiangsu province. Finally, the paper analyses the empirical conclusions. The main conclusion is that the theory of convergence is suit to Jiangsu economic growth.

Effects of attention and reliability on the performance of online medical crowdfunding projects: The moderating role of target amount

Medical crowdfunding platform helps numerous patients access enthusiastic donors and address financial difficulties,but many crowdfunding projects fail to reach their target amount.Thus,how a crowdfunding project can attract considerable donors is question-able.This study examines the effects of attention and reliability on the performance of online medical crowdfunding projects and how target amount changes such effects.Based on objective data of 1177 crowdfunding projects from 2016 to January 2018 in a large medical crowdfunding platform in China,we find that the project donor's attention(the number of forwards and comments)and reliability(the number of dynamic updates,empirical users,and pictures)positively affect the medical crowdfunding performance of the projects.However,target amount weakens the positive effects of the number of for-wards and comments in online medical crowdfunding projects.Therefore,project spon-sors should set reasonable target fundraising amounts while showing attention and reliability to donors.Compared with previous research that mainly explores the influence of external factors on crowdfunding outcomes from the perspective of donors,this paper focuses on the internal project factors and explores the concerns and trustworthiness of crowdfunding projects,enriching the literature related to fundraising ability in the project.