In recent years,blockchain technology has been applied in the educational domain because of its salient advantages,i.e.,transparency,decentralization,and immutability.Available systems typically use public blockchain ...In recent years,blockchain technology has been applied in the educational domain because of its salient advantages,i.e.,transparency,decentralization,and immutability.Available systems typically use public blockchain networks such as Ethereum and Bitcoin to store learning results.However,the cost of writing data on these networks is significant,making educational institutions limit data sent to the target network,typically containing only hash codes of the issued certificates.In this paper,we present a system based on a private blockchain network for lifelong learning data authentication and management named B4E(Blockchain For Education).B4E stores not only certificates but also learners’training data such as transcripts and educational programs in order to create a complete record of the lifelong education of each user and verify certificates that they have obtained.As a result,B4E can address two types of fake certificates,i.e.,certificates printed by unlawful organizations and certificates issued by educational institutions for learners who have not met the training requirements.In addition,B4E is designed to allow all participants to easily deploy software packages to manage,share,and check stored information without depending on a single point of access.As such,the system enhances the transparency and reliability of the stored data.Our experiments show that B4E meets expectations for deployment in reality.展开更多
<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present economic challenges in Nigeria call for a serious sustainable </span><span style="font-famil...<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present economic challenges in Nigeria call for a serious sustainable </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">environment-friendly agricultural enterprise with a great potential that</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> improves export earnings. It is our fervent believe that the contribution of the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">apiculture sector to its sustainable human development and specifically</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increases the income of beekeepers and traders of bee products through improved commercialization of quality bee products in Nigeria which will in turn lead to a drastic increase in the GDP of the nation. The overall goal of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Nigeria Apiculture Value Chain (AVC) Development Program is to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contribute to an increase income of beekeepers and other actors on the AVC </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">through increase in production capacity, stimulate the efficiency and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> competitiveness of the AVC products by improving standards, processing capacity so as to access higher value niche markets through Fairtrade Interna</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tional (FLO) certification or organic certifications and to achieve a total</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sales v</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alue of over $5 million by 2035 (Sustainable Development Goal SDG)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> target on Food Security. Apiculture provides highly desirable products such as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">honey, comb/wax, pollen, propolis, bee venom, royal jelly, apilarnil and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> apilanil prop, value added products and pollination services. It is of note to stress the need to urgently embrace the use of modern techniques in keeping honeybees for industrial development of Nigeria and also to enhance exportation of the products to earn growth in the Nigeria’s GDP by diversifying the monolithic economy that is presently based on crude oil exportation.</span> </p>展开更多
The philosophical foundation of the mainstream neoclassical economics is empirical philosophy.The controversies of economic methodology over inductive and deductive methods,over verificationistic and falsificationisti...The philosophical foundation of the mainstream neoclassical economics is empirical philosophy.The controversies of economic methodology over inductive and deductive methods,over verificationistic and falsificationistic approaches,and over positive and normative analyses in the evolution of economics are associated with those in the philosophy of science.The evolution of philosophy of science suggests that the above-mentioned pairs of economic methodologies should be appropriately combined when used in economics.It is not sensible to overemphasize either one inside each pair of economic methodologies.展开更多
In the proposed photo certificate, the principal component is the image, for example, the user＇s photo. User-related fields, such as the subject＇s name, the issuer＇s name, and the expiration period, which are meani...In the proposed photo certificate, the principal component is the image, for example, the user＇s photo. User-related fields, such as the subject＇s name, the issuer＇s name, and the expiration period, which are meaningful to users, are embedded into the surface of the photo by using a visible watermark algorithm, so that the reader can capture this information without the requirement for special software. The remaining fields in the certificate are embedded into a marked photo. Later, the whole photo certificate is eryptographically signed by certification authority （CA） private key to guarantee the integrity of our photo certificate. By such arrangement, the eertificate＇s verification is divided into two layers. The first layer is human visual system oriented and the second layer is the software-oriented. User can determine whether the user＇s photo and its subject＇s name are consistent and cheek whether the expired period is valid first. The second layer＇s verification is lunched only when the first layer＇s verification is passed. To sum up, the proposed photo certificate not only inherits the functions of a traditional certificate, but also provides a friendlier operational environment of X.509 certificate.展开更多
基金supported by the Vietnamese MOET’s project“Researching and applying blockchain technology to the problem of authenticating the certificate issuing process in Vietnam”,No.B2020-BKA-14.
文摘In recent years,blockchain technology has been applied in the educational domain because of its salient advantages,i.e.,transparency,decentralization,and immutability.Available systems typically use public blockchain networks such as Ethereum and Bitcoin to store learning results.However,the cost of writing data on these networks is significant,making educational institutions limit data sent to the target network,typically containing only hash codes of the issued certificates.In this paper,we present a system based on a private blockchain network for lifelong learning data authentication and management named B4E(Blockchain For Education).B4E stores not only certificates but also learners’training data such as transcripts and educational programs in order to create a complete record of the lifelong education of each user and verify certificates that they have obtained.As a result,B4E can address two types of fake certificates,i.e.,certificates printed by unlawful organizations and certificates issued by educational institutions for learners who have not met the training requirements.In addition,B4E is designed to allow all participants to easily deploy software packages to manage,share,and check stored information without depending on a single point of access.As such,the system enhances the transparency and reliability of the stored data.Our experiments show that B4E meets expectations for deployment in reality.
文摘<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The present economic challenges in Nigeria call for a serious sustainable </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">environment-friendly agricultural enterprise with a great potential that</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> improves export earnings. It is our fervent believe that the contribution of the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">apiculture sector to its sustainable human development and specifically</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increases the income of beekeepers and traders of bee products through improved commercialization of quality bee products in Nigeria which will in turn lead to a drastic increase in the GDP of the nation. The overall goal of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Nigeria Apiculture Value Chain (AVC) Development Program is to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contribute to an increase income of beekeepers and other actors on the AVC </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">through increase in production capacity, stimulate the efficiency and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> competitiveness of the AVC products by improving standards, processing capacity so as to access higher value niche markets through Fairtrade Interna</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tional (FLO) certification or organic certifications and to achieve a total</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sales v</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alue of over $5 million by 2035 (Sustainable Development Goal SDG)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> target on Food Security. Apiculture provides highly desirable products such as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">honey, comb/wax, pollen, propolis, bee venom, royal jelly, apilarnil and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> apilanil prop, value added products and pollination services. It is of note to stress the need to urgently embrace the use of modern techniques in keeping honeybees for industrial development of Nigeria and also to enhance exportation of the products to earn growth in the Nigeria’s GDP by diversifying the monolithic economy that is presently based on crude oil exportation.</span> </p>
基金the Research Project titled“The Role of the Global Development Initiative in Promoting Balanced,Coordinated and Inclusive Global Development”(ID:3162022ZYE03)and funded by the Basic Research Funds for Centrally Administered Institutions of Tertiary Education.
文摘The philosophical foundation of the mainstream neoclassical economics is empirical philosophy.The controversies of economic methodology over inductive and deductive methods,over verificationistic and falsificationistic approaches,and over positive and normative analyses in the evolution of economics are associated with those in the philosophy of science.The evolution of philosophy of science suggests that the above-mentioned pairs of economic methodologies should be appropriately combined when used in economics.It is not sensible to overemphasize either one inside each pair of economic methodologies.
文摘In the proposed photo certificate, the principal component is the image, for example, the user＇s photo. User-related fields, such as the subject＇s name, the issuer＇s name, and the expiration period, which are meaningful to users, are embedded into the surface of the photo by using a visible watermark algorithm, so that the reader can capture this information without the requirement for special software. The remaining fields in the certificate are embedded into a marked photo. Later, the whole photo certificate is eryptographically signed by certification authority （CA） private key to guarantee the integrity of our photo certificate. By such arrangement, the eertificate＇s verification is divided into two layers. The first layer is human visual system oriented and the second layer is the software-oriented. User can determine whether the user＇s photo and its subject＇s name are consistent and cheek whether the expired period is valid first. The second layer＇s verification is lunched only when the first layer＇s verification is passed. To sum up, the proposed photo certificate not only inherits the functions of a traditional certificate, but also provides a friendlier operational environment of X.509 certificate.
