Monitoring the change in horizontal stress with multi-wave time-lapse seismic response based on nonlinear elasticity theory

Monitoring the change in horizontal stress from the geophysical data is a tough challenge, and it has a crucial impact on broad practical scenarios which involve reservoir exploration and development, carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) injection and storage, shallow surface prospecting and deep-earth structure description. The change in in-situ stress induced by hydrocarbon production and localized tectonic movements causes the changes in rock mechanic properties (e.g. wave velocities, density and anisotropy) and further causes the changes in seismic amplitudes, phases and travel times. In this study, the nonlinear elasticity theory that regards the rock skeleton (solid phase) and pore fluid as an effective whole is used to characterize the effect of horizontal principal stress on rock overall elastic properties and the stress-dependent anisotropy parameters are therefore formulated. Then the approximate P-wave, SV-wave and SH-wave angle-dependent reflection coefficient equations for the horizontal-stress-induced anisotropic media are proposed. It is shown that, on the different reflectors, the stress-induced relative changes in reflectivities (i.e., relative difference) of elastic parameters (i.e., P- and S-wave velocities and density) are much less than the changes in contrasts of anisotropy parameters. Therefore, the effects of stress change on the reflectivities of three elastic parameters are reasonably neglected to further propose an AVO inversion approach incorporating P-, SH- and SV-wave information to estimate the change in horizontal principal stress from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. Compared with the existing methods, our method eliminates the need for man-made rock-physical or fitting parameters, providing more stable predictive power. 1D test illustrates that the estimated result from time-lapse P-wave reflection data shows the most reasonable agreement with the real model, while the estimated result from SH-wave reflection data shows the largest bias. 2D test illustrates the feasibility of the proposed inversion method for estimating the change in horizontal stress from P-wave time-lapse seismic data.

Azimuthal elastic impedance-based Fourier coefficient variation with angle inversion for fracture weakness

Quantitative inversion of fracture weakness plays an important role in fracture prediction.Considering reservoirs with a set of vertical fractures as horizontal transversely isotropic media,the logarithmic normalized azimuthal elastic impedance(EI)is rewritten in terms of Fourier coefficients(FCs),the 90°ambiguity in the azimuth estimation of the symmetry axis is resolved by judging the sign of the second FC,and we choose the FCs with the highest sensitivity to fracture weakness and present a feasible inversion workflow for fracture weakness,which involves:(1)the inversion for azimuthal EI datasets from observed azimuthal angle gathers;(2)the prediction for the second FCs and azimuth of the symmetry axis from the estimated azimuthal EI datasets;and(3)the estimation of fracture weakness combining the extracted second FCs and azimuth of the symmetry axis iteratively,which is constrained utilizing the Cauchy sparse regularization and the low-frequency regularization in a Bayesian framework.Tests on synthetic and field data demonstrate that the 90°ambiguity in the azimuth estimation of the symmetry axis has been removed,and reliable fracture weakness can be obtained when the estimated azimuth of the symmetry axis deviates less than 30°,which can guide the prediction of fractured reservoirs.

Analytical Model of Elastic Modulus and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for 2.5D C/SiC Composite

To make better use of 2.5D C/SiC composites in industry, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties. A finite element model＇of 2.5D composites is established, by considering the fiber undulation and the porosity in 2.5D C/SiC composites. The fiber direction of warp is defined by cosine function to simulate the undulation of warp, and based on uniform strain assumption, analytical model of the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） for 2.5D C/SiC composites were established by using dual- scale model. The result is found to correlate reasonably well with the predicted results and experimental results. The parametric study also demonstrates the effects of the fiber volume fraction, distance of warp yarn, and porosity in micro-scale on the mechanical properties and the coefficients of thermal expansion.

Determine Stability Wellbore Utilizing by Artificial Intelligence Systems and Estimation of Elastic Coefficients of Reservoir Rock

Rock elastic properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson?s ratio, plays an important role in various stages upstream of such as borehole stability, hydraulic fracturing in laboratory scale for observing mechanical properties of the reservoir rock usually using conventional cores sample that obtained from underground in reservoir condition. This method is the most common and most reliable way to get the reservoir rock properties, but it has some weaknesses. Currently, neural network techniques have replaced usual laboratory methods because they can do a similar operation faster and more accurately. To obtain the elastic coefficient, we should have compressional wave velocity (VP), shear wave (Vs) and density bulk due to high cost of (Vs) measurement and low real ability of estimation through the (Vp) and porosity. Therefore in this study, neural networks were used as a suitable method for estimating shear wave, and then elastic coefficients of reservoir rock using different relationships were predicted. Neural network used in this study was not like a black box because we used the results of multiple regression that could easily modify prediction of (Vs) through appropriate combination of data. The same information that were intended for multiple regression were used as input in neural networks, and shear wave velocity was obtained using (Vp) and well logging data in carbonate rocks. The results showed that methods applied in this carbonate reservoir was successful, so that shear wave velocity was predicted with about 92% and 95% correlation coefficient in multiple regression and neural network method, respectively.

Magnetoelectric voltage coefficients of magnetoelectric composites

The magnetoelectric(ME) effect of the particulate magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite was theoretically studied. The dependence of the ME voltage coefficients on the material properties of the magnetostrictive phase was discussed. The permittivity, permeability and the elastic modulus of the magnetostrictive phase generally have obvious influences on the ME voltage coefficients. The magnetostrictive phase with a large permittivity, large permeability or stiffer modulus will respectively contribute to the higher ME voltage coefficients. For a certain kind of piezoelectric matrix, the ME voltage coefficients can be improved to some extent by choosing those magnetostrictive materials with large permittivity, permeability or high elastic modulus.

Analysis of Apparent Elasticity Constants of Woven Fabrics

The woven fabric can be defined as orthogonal elastomer if the extension force that puts on the fabric is very small. Based on the precondition, the apparent elasticity constants of a woven fabric were analyzed theoretically in the paper. The bias angle (which is between weft yarns and extension direction ) affects apparent elasticity modulus and elasticity coefficient of the fabric in the extension direction. And the experiment describes fluxes of elasticity constants going with the bias angle of the fabric.

Coefficient of thermal expansion of stressed thin films

A new technique was proposed to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of thin films at low temperature. Different pre-stress could be applied and the elastic modulus of materials at different temperatures was measured with CTE simultaneously to eliminate the influence of mechanical deformation caused by the pre-stress. By using this technique, the CTEs of polyimide/silica nanocomposite films with different silica doping levels were experimentally studied at temperature from 77 K to 287 K, and some characteristics related to this new technique were discussed.

Assessment of the Elastic-Wave Well Treatment in Oil-Bearing Clastic and Carbonate Reservoirs

A set of techniques for well treatment aimed to enhance oil recovery are considered in the present study.These are based on the application of elastic waves of various types(dilation-wave,vibro-wave,or other acoustically induced effects).In such a context,a new technique is proposed to predict the effectiveness of the elastic-wave well treatment using the rank distribution according to Zipf’s law.It is revealed that,when the results of elastic wave well treatments are analyzed,groups of wells exploiting various geological deposits can differ in terms of their slope coefficients and free members.As the slope coefficient increases,the average increase in the well oil production rate(after the well treatment)becomes larger.An equation is obtained accordingly for estimating the slope coefficient in the Zipf’s equation from the frequency of the elastic wave.The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of the Zipf’s law in the analysis of the technological efficiency of elastic-wave well treatment methods.

胶囊形气膜结构风致气弹响应及风振系数研究

针对1/3矢跨比胶囊形气膜结构进行了气弹模型风洞试验,研究了结构的风致气弹响应变化规律,并给出了可供设计参考的风振系数。研究发现:结构平均变形呈迎风面凹陷,顶部隆起,横风向向外凸出的趋势,且这种变形趋势随着内压减小和风速增大越来越明显。0°风向角时的平均变形和振幅大于45°风向角时的平均变形和振幅大于90°风向角时的平均变形和振幅,结构合位移均值的极值出现在迎风面与顶面中心点;0°和45°风向角下,顶点竖向振幅>顺风向振幅>横风向振幅,结构以1阶模态振动为主;90°风向角下,顶点横风向振幅大于其他两个方向,结构以1阶和2阶模态叠加振动为主。各工况下结构的内压均有不同程度的减小。最后给出了考虑流固耦合效应的响应风振系数。

耦合均值-相关性的起重伤害事故致因ZIP模型研究

近些年来,起重伤害事故高发频发,导致了较大的直接经济损失和人员伤亡,受到行业的高度关注。为探究起重伤害事故致因的影响程度,采集2011—2021年376份起重伤害事故调查报告,依据事故致因24Model和系统安全分析法识别事故致因,构建起重伤害事故致因的零膨胀泊松回归模型(Zero-Inflated Poisson,ZIP),并通过Vuong方法和拟合优度检验准则进行检验;综合考虑事故致因发生频次的均值、致因和事故发生的相关性,运用弹性分析方法对事故致因的影响程度进行定量排序。结果表明:ZIP回归模型拟合效果优于泊松回归模型,各事故致因对起重伤害事故的影响程度排序为安全监管不到位C_(6)(T_(k)=1.0221)、安全意识淡薄H_(1)(T_(k)=0.5117)、作业人员违规作业H_(3)(T_(k)=0.4758)、作业人员无证上岗H_(2)(T_(k)=0.2116)、专项施工方案不合格C_(7)(T_(k)=0.1234)和结构构件破坏或连接不可靠M_(3)(T_(k)=0.1045)。研究从事故致因发生频次的均值、致因和事故发生的相关性两个维度刻画事故致因对起重伤害事故的影响程度,为起重伤害事故风险分级管控提供了新的研究思路和方法。

京津冀科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的影响效应及贡献

为明晰科技创新对水资源利用效率的影响机理,利用空间计量模型,构建了科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的影响效应模型与贡献模型。基于2009—2021年面板数据,测算了京津冀科技创新指数和水资源利用效率指数,评价了京津冀科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的弹性系数与贡献率。结果表明:京津冀科技创新指数与水资源利用效率指数均呈稳定增长趋势,二者同向演化;京津冀科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的影响正向显著且存在空间差异,北京、天津、河北的科技创新水平每提升1%,水资源利用效率分别提升2.684%、0.918%、1.365%;北京、天津、河北科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的贡献率分别为50.47%、45.74%、62.59%,2009—2021年京津冀科技创新水平对水资源利用效率的贡献率受技术迭代、政策颁布及用水结构优化的影响呈分段波动形态。

自然老化服役后板式橡胶支座摩擦滑移性能试验研究

为了解自然老化服役后板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移性能,取实际桥梁中服役10年的7个板式橡胶支座进行摩擦滑移试验,分析不同竖向压应力下支座摩擦滑移规律,研究自然老化板式橡胶支座的水平弹性刚度、摩擦系数及耗能能力等,并对比人工热老化支座的相关性能。结果表明:相同服役年限的自然老化板式橡胶支座老化程度并不相同;自然老化板式橡胶支座摩擦系数随着竖向压应力的增大而减小,水平弹性刚度随着竖向压应力的增大而增大;压剪作用对老化板式橡胶支座的耗能能力影响较小,但需要注意累积的摩擦滑移会使支座耗能能力降低。自然老化板式橡胶支座(试验值)相较于未老化支座(理论值)的表面摩擦系数有所降低,但水平弹性刚度明显增大;自然老化板式橡胶支座水平弹性刚度增大幅度远高于人工热老化的板式橡胶支座,人工热老化研究严重低估了自然老化对板式橡胶支座的危害。

聚丙烯纤维对刚玉-六铝酸钙浇注料抗热震性能的影响

为改善刚玉-六铝酸钙浇注料的性能,以刚玉、六铝酸钙(CA_(6))、活性α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉为主要原料,在1550℃保温4 h,制备了水合氧化铝结合的刚玉-CA_(6)浇注料,研究了不同聚丙烯纤维加入量(外加质量分数分别为0、0.04%、0.08%、0.12%和0.16%)对刚玉-CA_(6)浇注料性能尤其是抗热震性的影响。结果表明:1)聚丙烯纤维的加入可使试样平均线膨胀系数减小,但会导致试样强度和体积密度有所降低,进而导致弹性模量减小;2)适量聚丙烯纤维的加入可改善试样抗热震性,但过量的聚丙烯纤维会导致材料内部结构疏松、致密度减小,试样抗热震性反而有所降低;3)聚丙烯纤维加入量为0.08%(w)时,常温抗折强度保持率最高,为53.5%,表现出最佳的抗热震性能。

输液器管路对输注精度的影响探究

目的探究一次性输液器管路对输液泵输注精度的影响情况,以期为临床给药指导、设备调试以及耗材选择提供一定的数据支持。方法首先测定多个品牌输液器的管路内径和弹性系数,再测量在25、50、100 mL/h设定流速情况下输液泵使用不同管径和弹性的输液器管路时的实际流速。通过分析输液器管径和弹性作为变量对实际流速的影响情况,对获取的实验数据进行单变量数据分析以及散点图绘制。对实验数据进行拟合并借助相关系数R2来衡量数据的拟合程度,分别对实际流速与管径、实际流速与弹性进行Pearson相关性分析,验证该2种因素对输液速度影响的显著性。结果研究发现,实际输注流速与输液器管路内径存在明显的正相关关系,拟合公式相关系数R2>0.95,且相关系数r>0.5,P<0.001。实际输注流速与输液器管路弹性之间并未发现明显的相关关系,拟合公式相关系数r<0.5,P>0.001。结论输液器管路内径对输液的实际速度有显著影响,而管路弹性对输液的实际速度影响不明显。

基于多维云模型的深井岩爆倾向综合评价

研究岩爆倾向性对深井矿山的安全开采具有十分重要的意义。以某矿山为研究对象,采用一维云模型与多维云模型结合的手段,选取岩石应力系数、岩石脆性系数及岩石弹性应变能指数构建指标体系,对不同开采中段的3种矿岩进行岩爆倾向性评价。结果表明:该矿山设计开采范围(50 m~-450 m中段)内,顶板围岩整体为弱岩爆倾向,矿体整体为中岩爆倾向,底板围岩整体为弱岩爆倾向。

国土空间规划背景下城镇扩展时空演变特征分析

以广州市花都区为研究区域,分别获取2000年、2010年和2020年3个监测周期的遥感影像,探索利用ENVI深度学习卷积神经网络模型(CNN)快速准确提取城镇建设用地的技术方法,结合定量分析方法采用扩展弹性系数与强度指数、城镇建设用地扩展空间分布特征、城镇建设用地转入土地利用类型结构以及与人口、经济的匹配度等指标,分析了20年内广州市花都区城镇扩展时空演变规律,对国土空间背景下广州市花都区城镇空间的合理规划和土地资源的高效集约节约利用具有重要的参考价值。

液滴在柔性辣椒叶片表面撞击行为研究

液滴撞击叶片时会使叶片发生弯曲变形,这种变形会对液滴的撞击行为产生影响。基于前人液滴撞击刚性表面的理论模型,探究了液滴撞击柔性辣椒叶片时叶片弹性系数对液滴撞击行为的影响,考虑叶片弹性势能、液滴和叶片重力势能,建立了液滴撞击柔性辣椒叶片最大扩散因子数学预测模型。以液滴粒径、撞击速度、撞击点到叶尖距离占比为试验因素,对数学模型进行了合理性验证。结果表明:3个因素对液滴粘附和飞溅均有显著性影响(P<0.05)。数学模型对液滴撞击柔性辣椒叶片最大扩散因子预测误差在10%以内,但此误差会随着叶片弹性系数的增加而减小。液滴撞击柔性辣椒叶片没有发生反弹,和理论模型预测结果一致。液滴粘附时,叶片弹性系数与液滴达到最大扩散的时间呈负相关,与撞击刚性固定叶片相比,达到最大扩散的时间增加量在0.5 ms以内,最大扩散因子减小率在25%以内,传递给叶片弹性势能占初始总能量的比随着叶片弹性系数的增加呈现先减小后增大趋势。液滴飞溅时,在到叶尖距离占比的20%、40%、60%、80%处,与刚性叶片相比,飞溅临界值Kcrit分别增加16.202%、10.515%、6.508%、4.467%,说明叶片越靠近弹性系数小的区域,液滴越不容易飞溅。本文为液滴在柔性植物叶片上的撞击行为研究和喷雾参数选择提供了一种方法。

弹性滑板支座不同摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响

采用课题组建立的楼层反应谱Benchmark模型,研究弹性滑板支座不同摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响.使用ETABS软件建立隔震结构有限元模型,在底层柱底和基础之间布置弹性滑板支座,为了使楼层反应谱具有实用性和代表性,输入FEMA P695中推荐的22条远场地震动,分别对4个摩擦系数的基础隔震结构进行非线性时程分析,研究弹性滑板支座摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响,且与铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构楼层反应谱进行比较.结果表明:摩擦系数影响楼层反应谱的谱值,但不改变楼层反应谱峰值出现的周期,不影响楼层反应谱的频谱特征;在周期0~6 s内,文中4种摩擦系数的弹性滑板支座结构的楼层反应谱谱值均小于铅芯橡胶支座的谱值,说明该结构弹性滑板支座的隔震性能优于铅芯橡胶支座.

河南省主要河川径流变化归因

为相对全面客观地分析气候变化和人类活动对河南省主要河川径流变化的影响,基于河南省内卫河、伊洛河、洪汝河和唐河流域1961—2022年径流和降水资料,以及国家气候中心根据Penman-Monteith公式计算的年潜在蒸散发资料,比较4个蒸发对比站年潜在蒸散发和蒸发皿年蒸发值,运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法和累积双曲线法分析4个研究流域控制水文站年径流序列的变化趋势和突变年份,以及4个流域年降水和潜在蒸散发的变化趋势。采用基于Budyko假设的弹性系数法对径流变化开展归因分析。结果表明:4个蒸发对比站年潜在蒸散发与蒸发皿年蒸发变化趋势基本一致,4个水文站年径流深及4个流域年降水和年潜在蒸散发均呈下降趋势。4个水文站年径流深分别在1977年、1985年、2008年和2010年发生了突变。气候变化对径流减少的贡献率在卫河和伊洛河流域为7%以下,在洪汝河和唐河流域约为12%~18%,降水减少不显著和潜在蒸散发呈下降趋势是贡献率小的原因,可见人类活动是影响4个流域径流变化的主要驱动因素。

考虑周期折减的结构弹性时程分析调整方法

针对结构弹性时程分析时无法考虑周期折减的问题展开研究,通过对比结构时程分析的过程中,地震波的选取是否考虑周期折减的差异,提出采用增大系数放大时程分析法输入地震波有效峰值加速度以及地震响应;考虑弹性时程分析过程中,周期折减对结构地震作用的增大效应。理论分析增大系数取值的影响因素,并基于单自由度体系对比两种调整方法的效果及差异,采用实际算例以验证所提出弹性时程分析中考虑周期折减调整方法的有效性。结果表明:增大系数的取值与周期折减系数、结构自振周期及场地特征周期等因素有关;对于单自由度体系,两种调整方法具有完全相同的调整效果;按文章提出方法考虑周期折减的算例结构,弹性时程分析所得各楼层地震剪力及层间位移角与考虑周期折减的反应谱(CQC)计算结果均较为接近。