Fuzzy Extensive Economical Control

ln this paper, FEEC theory is studied. An economical space is a dynamic model for any scope of certain economy and market . ln an economical space, any point represents some economical area or entity and is assigned an variable economic condition Any subspace is assigned an variable economic evaluation. FEEC controller operates oz. economic evaluation and the public parts in economic condition. Any adjustment done by FEEC controller asks the point itself to improve other members to meet the requirements. ln this paper, the template for economic condition and economic evaluation is defined , and then the generic type of economical space and FEE. controller is also given.

Multiobjective economic model predictive control using utopia-tracking for the wet flue gas desulphurization system

Efficient control of the desulphurization system is challenging in maximizing the economic objective while reducing the SO_(2) emission concentration. The conventional optimization method is generally based on a hierarchical structure in which the upper optimization layer calculates the steady-state results and the lower control layer is responsible to drive the process to the target point. However, the conventional hierarchical structure does not take the economic performance of the dynamic tracking process into account. To this end, multi-objective economic model predictive control(MOEMPC) is introduced in this paper, which unifies the optimization and control layers in a single stage. The objective functions are formulated in terms of a dynamic horizon and to balance the stability and economic performance. In the MOEMPC scheme, economic performance and SO_(2) emission performance are guaranteed by tracking a set of utopia points during dynamic transitions. The terminal penalty function and stabilizing constraint conditions are designed to ensure the stability of the system. Finally, an optimized control method for the stable operation of the complex desulfurization system has been established. Simulation results demonstrate that MOEMPC is superior over another control strategy in terms of economic performance and emission reduction, especially when the desulphurization system suffers from frequent flue gas disturbances.

Finite-time economic model predictive control for optimal load dispatch and frequency regulation in interconnected power systems

This paper presents a finite-time economic model predictive control(MPC)algorithm that can be used for frequency regulation and optimal load dispatch in multi-area power systems.Economic MPC can be used in a power system to ensure frequency stability,real-time economic optimization,control of the system and optimal load dispatch from it.A generalized terminal penalty term was used,and the finite-time convergence of the system was guaranteed.The effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control algorithm was verified by simulating a power system,which had two areas connected by an AC tie line.The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Optimal dispatching method for integrated energy system based on robust economic model predictive control considering source-load power interval prediction

Effective source-load prediction and reasonable dispatching are crucial to realize the economic and reliable operations of integrated energy systems(IESs).They can overcome the challenges introduced by the uncertainties of new energies and various types of loads in the IES.Accordingly,a robust optimal dispatching method for the IES based on a robust economic model predictive control(REMPC)strategy considering source-load power interval prediction is proposed.First,an operation model of the IES is established,and an interval prediction model based on the bidirectional long short-term memory network optimized by beetle antenna search and bootstrap is formulated and applied to predict the photovoltaic power and the cooling,heating,and electrical loads.Then,an optimal dispatching scheme based on REMPC is devised for the IES.The source-load interval prediction results are used to improve the robustness of the REPMC and reduce the influence of source-load uncertainties on dispatching.An actual IES case is selected to conduct simulations;the results show that compared with other prediction techniques,the proposed method has higher prediction interval coverage probability and prediction interval normalized averaged width.Moreover,the operational cost of the IES is decreased by the REMPC strategy.With the devised dispatching scheme,the ability of the IES to handle the dispatching risk caused by prediction errors is enhanced.Improved dispatching robustness and operational economy are also achieved.

DE based economic control chart design and application for a typical petrochemical process

Petrochemical industry plays an important role in the development of the national economy. Purified terephthalic acid(PTA) is one of the most important intermediate raw materials in the petrochemical and chemical fiber industries. PTA production has two parts:p-xylene(PX) oxidation process and crude terephthalic acid(CTA) hydropurification process. The CTA hydropurification process is used to reduce impurities, such as 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, which is produced by a side reaction in the PX oxidation process and is harmful to the polyester industry. From the safety and economic viewpoints, monitoring this process is necessary. Four main faults of this process are analyzed in this study. The common process monitoring methods always use T^2 and SPE statistic as control limits. However, the traditional methods do not fully consider the economic viewpoint. In this study, a new economic control chart design method based on the differential evolution(DE) algorithm is developed. The DE algorithm transforms the economic control chart design problem to an optimization problem and is an excellent solution to such problem. Case studies of the main faults of the hydropurification process indicate that the proposed method can achieve minimum profit loss.This method is useful in economic control chart design and can provide guidance for the petrochemical industry.

The Palestine-Israel Issue in the Post-Covid-19 Era—From the Perspective of Neocolonialism

Strictly speaking,the economic relationship between Israel and Palestine cannot be simply defined as neocolonial occupation,but are closely related to neo-colonialism,in terms of control,dependence,resistance,exploitation,monopoly and interference.Therefore,neo-colonialism can be used as a perspective to analyse the economic relations between Palestine and Israel.Although the two sides have always been in a relatively hostile relationship,due to years of stalemate and Israeli economic control,the two sides have formed an interdependent economic relationship,where Israel has a relatively dominant position in the relations,thanks to its long-term occupation and control over the land,while the Palestinian economy will continue to remain highly dependent on Israel,despite its official efforts to achieve economic disengagement.In this case,Israel is reluctant to sever the relationship,and Palestine is unable to decouple from the Israeli economy.The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has made the prospects for Palestinian-Israeli peace talks even bleaker.As the peace process continues to stall,a settlement to resolve the dispute between Israel and the Palestinians remains highly unlikely.