A Study of the Impact of the Digital Economy on the Efficiency of Urban Green Economy--Based on the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster

This paper adopts the non-expected output-super-efficiency SBM(Slacks-Based Model)model and principal component analysis to calculate the green economy efficiency and the digital economy level of 27 prefecture-level cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration between 2011 and 2019,respectively,and examines the impact of the digital economy on the green economy efficiency by using benchmark regression and mechanism analysis.The findings show that,first,the digital economy has a significant contribution to the green economic efficiency of cities,and this conclusion still holds after robustness tests such as replacing explanatory and interpreted variables and introducing province-fixed effects.Second,through the mechanism test,it is found that the digital economy can indirectly promote urban green economic efficiency through the positive mechanism effect of promoting industrial structure upgrading.

Construction of Regional Ecological Capital Operation Mechanism System from the Perspective of Green Economy Development

Green development has gradually become the main theme of the current world economic development.Green transformation development and cracking the contradiction between ecology and economy need to build an effective ecological capital operation system and mechanism to support,encourage the effective operation of regional ecological capital,promote the appreciation and preservation of ecological capital,and escort the operation.This paper constructs a four-in-one regional ecological capital operation mechanism system,in which the"accumulation mechanism"is the prerequisite,the"conversion mechanism"is the key link,the"compensation mechanism"is an important supplement,and the"incentive mechanism"is the safeguard measure,which aims to ensure the smooth progress of the construction of beautiful China in the new era and realize the socialist modern power.

Are cities greener because of innovation?Independent innovation policy and green economic efficiency

The national independent innovation demonstration zone(NIIDZ)is an independent innovation policy that plays a crucial role in implementing strategies.Given the importance of the NIIDZ,this study uses panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 and empirically examines the effect and internal mechanism of the NIIDZ on green economic efficiency(GEE)using the difference-in-difference model(DID).The results show that the NIIDZ effectively enhances the growth of GEE,and the results remain valid through several robustness tests,such as year-by-year propensity score matching.The transmission mechanism suggests that the NIIDZ indirectly drives GEE by accelerating scientific and technological investment,promoting talent concentration,and optimizing the industrial structure.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of the NIIDZ on GEE is more prominent in the eastern region and high green development level areas.The study’s findings can serve as a reference for China to further utilize the policy effectiveness of the NIIDZ and accelerate the high-quality development of the green economy in the future.

Thoughts on Development of Green Agriculture and Green Economy——Based on the Survey of Farms in Qinhuangdao

Based on the concept and development process of green agriculture and green economy,the field survey and questionnaire investigation were carried out in Jincheng Specialized Planting Cooperative in Xinji Town,Changli County of Qinhuangdao City. The results show that there are still many problems in the development of green economy and the improvement of green farms in Hebei Province. On this basis,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing theoretical basis and reference for establishment and development of green farms in Hebei Province and most of domestic areas.

Evolution paths of green economy modes and their trend of hypercycle economy

So far there is a lack of specialized research on the entire path and the law of the evolution of green economy modes,especially studies on its future trend.Some studies have been done only on its sub-process,in which there are some shortcomings such as overlapping and incomplete classification of economy modes,as well as the lack of mechanism models to describe the modes.This paper attempts to solve those problems.Firstly,various green economy modes are extracted and classified,and then their evolution paths are identified and reviewed,according to sustainable development theory,hypercycle theory,etc.,and to practical investigation.Secondly,theoretical models for each green economy mode and their multilevel dynamic evolution models in a practical field(forestry as an example)are established by the modeling method of system structure.Finally,the evolution law of green economy mode is analyzed systematically by means of the above-mentioned models.According to the research,some conclusions are drawn as follows:First,green economy modes have evolved through three stages as a whole.The first is the start-up stage,in which the mode is the‘from cradle to grave’end-treatment green economy(GE-I).The second is the growth stage,in which the mode is the‘from cradle to cradle’resources-chain closed-loop green economy(GE-Ⅱ).The third is the mature stage,in which the mode will be the‘from breeding to breeding‘three-chain hypercycle economy(GE-Ⅲ).Second,GEⅡhas evolved through a specific process.In depth,the basic framework of GEⅡis based on the circular economy theory;and then it is combined gradually with some other relevant theories and technologies that are cleaner production,low-carbon economy and sharing economy and so on.In breadth,GE-Ⅱis expanded layer by layer from unified enterprise GE-Ⅱto diversified enterprise(or cluster)GE-Ⅱ,and to societal GE-Ⅱ.The operational principle of GE-Ⅱcan be described by 3R theoretical model that includes 3 subsystems of reduction,recycle and reuse(3R),which are connected into an organic whole by resources chain.Third,GE-Ⅲis evolving through a specific process of three-chain(3C)stage by stage expansion,from resources-chain primary hypercycle to eco-chain secondary hypercycle,and to value-chain tertiary hypercycle.The operational principle of GE-Ⅲcan be described by 5R-3C theoretical model that includes 5 subsystems of reduction,recycle,reuse,recultivation and reallocation(5R),which are connected into an environment-economy self organizing system by resources chain,ecochain and value chain.In the system,resources chain is the foundation,eco-chain is the support,and value chain is the impetus.The 3C hypercycle promotes and catalyze each other to realize mutualism between ecosystem and industrial system.Fourth,the related field of GEⅢincludes the principal part of renewable-resource-based industry,and the expanded part of other relevant industries and even the whole society.Now in practice,GE-Ⅲhas initially formed.And in the future,it is the development tendency of green economy toward the establishment of the ecological civilization.

The Major Challenges and Strategies for the Development of Green Economy in China's Mountain Regions Based on the Theory of Comparative Advantage

Based on the theory of comparative advantage,this paper analyzes the major challenges facing the development of green economy in China's mountain regions. The results show that in the development of green economy,the mountain regions have factor endowment and development conditions with comparative advantage,but they are also facing more challenges. In the future,the mountain regions need to make favorable development measures based on their own comparative advantages from the following four aspects: at the top design level,it is necessary to ensure green development through institutional innovation; at the regional level,it is necessary to lead green development through the differentiation strategy; at the industrial level,it is necessary to support green development through transformation and innovation; at the social level,it is necessary to focus on protecting vulnerable groups and give full play to the role of women to promote sharing of green development achievements.

Policy Support for Developing Green Economy and Promoting the Construction of Ecological Civilization

Development of green economy is an important way to promote the construction of ecological civilization which needs the support of policy system. Therefore, our country should make the green industry and green fiscal policy supporting system perfect, accelerate the reform of investment and financing mechanism, and improve the system of green finance policies. Only by establishing scientific green economic policy support system, can our country promote the construction of ecological civilization.

Attitudes towards Green Economy Concerns among Higher Education Students in Oman

Across the world, people are highly concerned with environmental matters, while worries about risks and threats continue. In recent decades, environmental concerns have drawn more international and national attention, particularly, the green economy, an area of environmental awareness that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities, fostering sustainable development without degrading the environment. The present study investigated green economy awareness among the higher education students in Oman in general and Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in particular to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding the green economy. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire that was delivered to all students of the nine university colleges. The descriptive data analysis revealed that most respondents were aware of the concept of the green economy. While general knowledge and awareness about the concept were generally satisfactory, there were still some misconceptions and a lack of knowledge about some other themes. Statistical tools such as the Chi-square test, WAS and factor analysis were used to analyse any differences in the perception of male and female respondents as well as college background and majors.

Reflections on the Green Economy(Redemption of the Principles of Mill and Pigou):A View of a Brazilian Environmentalist

The current context of global efforts in the pursuit of sustainable development can be characterized by the perception of the scientific-technological losses of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their consequences for the survival of humanity in the face of threats of imbalances in the basic conditions for survival such as food production, the environmental quality, natural control of pests and diseases, loses of biodiversity and climate changes. Some recent initiatives at global, regional and local level are pointed and some conceptual trends and deployment strategies advance towards the consolidation of the principles of sustainable development, despite several difficulties for effectively reaching its goals. The trend of gradual changes in the models of developing nations and in the patterns of production and consumption is portrayed objectively, seeking to correlate with principles of environmental economics and green economy, since Cecil Pigou and Stuart Mill principles to recent researches as Kenneth Boulding, Herman Daly, Nicholas Georgescu-Rogen, Franz Capra, Ignacy Sachs, Edgar Morin, beyond others. The ability of the United Nations and governments to intervene in neoliberal logic aiming wider benefit to society and the reduction of the negative effects of market distortions, as striking on the global stage, represents a true redemption of the principles advocated by Cecil Pigou, at the beginning of the last century, both for the global economy and for their effects on environmental and social conflicts, social exclusion resulting from the current economic systems which are not necessary new strategies, principles, or economic formulas, but decision making to tackle the market with seriousness to promote equity, social justice and environmental sustainability, without sacrificing progress and development, as evident in the current discussion of social inclusion and the convergence of individual and collective interests, so far in the development model based on increasing production and consumption, yet with little environmental responsibility.

Imperatives of Green Energy Strategy in Azerbaijan

The establishment of a green energy network in Azerbaijan is one of the priorities of the state.According to estimates,the total potential of the country’s green energy is estimated at 27 thousand MW.This further expands the great potential of wind energy in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea.On the other hand,the availability of sufficient green energy resources in the liberated lands necessitates the creation of an energy system on this basis.In this regard,President Ilham Aliyev declared the Karabakh and East zangazur economic regions a green energy zone.At present,large-scale projects in this direction are being implemented in the country.Based on all this,the article focuses on global trends in the green energy sector in the context of the imperatives of the green energy strategy in Azerbaijan,priority issues such as green economy,green development,as well as realities reflecting the current situation in this area in Azerbaijan.In this regard,substantial results were obtained and proposals were put forward in the context of the imperatives of the green energy strategy in Azerbaijan.

Potentials of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in West China

This study investigates the contrasting sceneries of community-based tourism after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and focuses on the potentials of tourism in transformations towards green economies. How are tourism and environment linked in a sustainable relationship? And how can potentials of community-based tourism be directed in transformations towards green economies? A qualitative research design is used to examine contrasting sceneries and specific green elements of community-based tourism in a Qiang people's fortress village in Mao County, Sichuan Province, West China and further discuss how tourism can be compatible with human wellbeing through demonstrating a commitment to sustainable development. The study argues that potential economic, social and environmental costs of tourism need to be considered when evaluating the loss of community benefits toward sustainability. The green elements suggest the potential of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies, involving green agricultural, green building, and green energy, green governance, green service and green consumption. This study will contribute to the debate about the relationship between tourism and environment sustainability in the green economies, as well as the critique of what can be learned for community development from green tourism in mountainous regions after the inevitable natural disasters.

Green Barriers： Obstacle or Stimulation ？

Most viewpoints in China consider green barrier is one kind of non-tariff barriers imposed by developed countries and is unfair to developing countries. Different from these, this paper points out that green barriers, evolving from the background of sustainable development theory and the principle of environment protection, have positive effect on ideology, international institutional arrangement and innovation stimulation. Demonstrating the rationality of green barriers, the paper puts forward that green barriers should be regarded as the stimulation for technology innovation and industrial restructure rather than obstacles. The best way to surmount the green barriers for Chinese government and enterprises is to implement circular economy and clean production so as to achieve the harmony of trade, environment and economic development.

Construction and Development of Green Livable Villages and Towns under Low-interference Cycle Strategy

Rural revitalization has multiple strategic significance,including improving the capacity of circular development of villages and towns,meeting the basic material needs of the rural population accounting for more than 50% of China’s total population,feeding the urban demand back,and building the rural ecological environment to make it green and livable,worthy of attention both inside and outside the society.This paper summarized the low-interference cycle strategy of green livable villages and towns by analyzing the spatial composition of villages and towns and the mechanism of circulation among various elements,forming a set of design strategies,which reduces adverse human interference on the ecology and improves the self-sustaining ability of villages and towns.This paper provides relevant reference suggestions for the construction of green livable villages and towns.

The Development of Green Design and Research on Product Design for Recycling

The paper analyze and comprehensive evaluate on the characteristics of the product life cycle in each link of the green product design and the life cycle, has obtained a series of design green design optimization method. In the choice of materials, this paper presented a method for the re-combination of recycled materials. In the recovery of the product it proposes the establishment of recycling system, and expounds the concept upgrade recovery. Design and manufacturing of green products and green recycling industry is the two most important link in green circular economic system, whether or not the coordinated development of the two sectors, is the key to the success or failure of the strategy of sustainable development.

Blockchain for Solid Waste Trading

A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.Since the common principles of management are efficiency and fairness,Blockchain as a peer-to-peer concept with a consensus mechanism is suitable for waste management.The paper presents the first stage of project“Blockchain in solid waste management”.From several points of view a review of solid waste management is performed,in which the blockchain has the major role:(1)problem definition and possible solutions;(2)Blockchain applications in solid waste management;(3)blockchain applications for different solid waste types;(4)blockchain elements for waste management;(5)blockchain in cooperation with other technologies.The author syntheses advanced sorting process,models of Blockchain in solid waste trading,and three use cases with selected granularity.The used design methodology is unified modelling language:activity diagrams and communication diagrams.The author applies the principles of supply and demand.The models are intended for business developers,university professors,and students.

Research from global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to sustainability science based on the object-subject-process framework

Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national economic and social development. According to this background, strengthening the integrative research on the theories and methodologies of sustainable development has been a strategically important mission. This article provided an analytic framework for sustainability science, named the object-subject-process(OSP) framework for examining the key issues encountered during the theoretical research and policy analysis. This study emphasized that, on the object dimension, sustainable development means to seek for economic and social development within biophysical limits of the earth and the relationship of environment, society, and economy should be containing and complementary rather than parallel and substitute; on the process dimension, sustainable development should adopt both the responsive and proactive strategies for the whole process management which employing pressure-state-response(PRS) model rather than dealing with one part of them; on the subject dimension, sustainable development research should involve the key stakeholders who are kind of collaborate governance rather than separate each other. From the perspective of sustainability science, green economy was utilized as a case study to explore the issues of object, process and subject and also the significance of green economy was discussed in this study.

Basic Structures and Political Implications of a Sustainable Welfare Model

A synopsis of political welfare concepts, which are currently discussed under labels such as ＂green growth＂, ＂zero growth＂ and ＂degrowth＂, has identified fundamental shortcomings concerning the informational bases of the complex links between ecological, social and economic systems, which were taken into account in the creation of the concept. In the development of a concept for political action, a rationally acting environmental policy cannot neglect reflecting on which economic, ecological and social contexts have to be taken into account and on which normative statements its decisions should be grounded. The proposed sustainable welfare model consists of a positive impact and a normative decision model. The positive model provides a description of the ＂world＂ with which the effects of the various options for action on the environmental, social and the economic systems can be assessed. The normative model is a tool for selecting and assessing the options for action in pursuing the desired goal of sustainable welfare development. Principally the key environmental goals are prearranged to socio-economic goals. The model at hand provides the reference points for the development of a sustainable welfare concept, which can be used as a political action plan in the context of environmental policy.

Economic Factors in the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Kazakhstan

The purpose of this research was to study economic incentives to use renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to give suggestions for production and circulation of the ＂green＂ certificates as a new financial instrument. The author analyzed European Union and Kazakhstani experience of economic incentives to reduce emissions and introduction of renewable energy sources. As a result of conducted research, the proposal to produce and circulate new financial instruments in Kazakhstan is made; as well as economic and environmental factors of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan are defined.

Green Economy, Green Capitalism and the Imperial Mode of Living： Limits to a Prominent Strategy, Contours of a Possible New Capitalist Formation

Since some years, the strategy of a Green Economy as a current form of ecological modernization was proposed. The paper highlights the core issues of the concept and its structural constraints. Several constraints of a far-reaching realization of a Green Economy are presented, and one constraint is highlighted, i.e., the imperial mode of （production and） living. The latter gives emphasis to the continuous and largely unquestioned access to products produced by cheap labor and under environmentally problematic conditions. This mode of living, the paper argues, is also attractive among the upper and middle classed in countries with emerging economies like China. Moreover, it compares it with the concept of sustainable development which emerged some 15 years ago. Like sustainable development, proposals for a Green Economy might become ＂a tranquilizing dis- positive＂ in order to silence doubt and criticisms. However, it is argued that, despite the improbability of realizing the ambitious objectives, the Green Economy strategy might contribute to further capitalist development. Environmental issues might be integrated into the mode of production and living. However, given capitalist and imperial structures and dynamics, this will occur in highly selective and partial ways. The author calls this emerging constellation and possible new mode of development in some countries or regions of the world Green Capitalism.

Solutions for the Green Economy

Government officials,scholars and business leaders gathered in Beijing to discuss a roadmap to the globe’s low-carbon