Interlinking climate change with waterenergy-food nexus and related ecosystem processes in California case studies

Global climate change creates critical challenges with increasing temperature,reducing snowpack,and changing precipitation for water,energy,and food,as well as ecosystem processes at regional scales.Ecosystem services provide life support,goods,and natural resources from water,energy,and food,as well as the environments.There are knowledge gaps from the lack of conceptual framework and practices to interlink major climate change drivers of water resources with water-energy-food nexus and related ecosystem processes.This paper provided an overview of research background,developed a conceptual framework to bridge these knowledge gaps,summarized California case studies for practices in cross sector ecosystem services,and identified future research needs.In this conceptual framework,climate change drivers of changing temperature,snowpack,and precipitation are interlinked with life cycles in water,energy,food,and related key elements in ecosystem processes.Case studies in California indicated climate change affected variation in increasing temperature and changing hydrology at the regional scales.A large variation in average energy intensity values was also estimated from ground water and federal,state,and local water supplies both within each hydrological region and among the ten hydrological regions in California.The increased regional temperature,changes in snowpack and precipitation,and increased water stresses from drought can reduce ecosystem services and affect the water and energy nexus and agricultural food production,as well as fish and wildlife habitats in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta(Delta)and Central Valley watersheds.Regional decisions and practices in integrated management of water,energy,food,and related ecosystem processes are essential to adapt and mitigate global climate change impacts at the regional scales.Science and policy support for interdisciplinary research are critical to develop the database and tools for comprehensive analysis to fill knowledge gaps and address ecosystem service complexity,the related natural resource investment,and integrated planning needs.

A field experimental study on the impact of Acer platanoides,an urban tree invader,on forest ecosystem processes in North America

Background:Invasive species affect community dynamics and ecosystem functions,but the mechanisms of their impacts are poorly understood.Hypotheses on invasion impact range from Superior Competitor to Novel Function,from Enemy Escape to Microbial Mediation.In this study,we examined the effects of an urban tree invader,Acer platanoides(Norway maple,NM),on a mesic deciduous forest in contrast to its native congener Acer rubrum(red maple,RM)with a split-plot design experiment.A total of 720 maple seedlings were transplanted to 72 plots under 24 trees of three canopy types.The three experimental treatments were removal of resource competition at above-and belowground and removal of leaf-litter effect.Soil moisture and nitrogen-related microbial activities were followed for each plot.Results:We found that partial canopy removal increased canopy openness and light transmission to the forest floor,but to a greater extent under NM than under RM trees.NM seedlings were more shade tolerant than RM seedlings in height growth.During the reciprocal transplantation in the mixed forest,biomass accumulation of NM seedlings under RM trees were twice as much as under NM,while that of RM seedlings under NM trees was 23.5%less than under RM.Soil net nitrification and relative nitrification were significantly higher,but mineralization rate was much lower under NM than under RM trees,which would lead to faster N leaching and lower N availability in the soil.Plots with litter removal had significantly higher seedling mortality due to herbivory by the end of 2 years,especially for NM seedlings under NM trees.Trenching enhanced soil water availability but there was no difference among canopy types.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that invasion of NM not only altered forest canopy structure but also changed herbivory rate for seedlings and N dynamics in the soils.NM seedlings were more shade tolerant under NM canopies than RM seedlings and were more protected by NM litter under NM canopies than under RM canopies.These altered biotic and abiotic environments will likely facilitate further invasion of NM in the forests,hence positive feedbacks,and make it an increasingly serious tree invader in North America.

Effect of an Alien Species Spartina alterniflora Loisel on Biogeochemical Processes of Intertidal Ecosystem in the Jiangsu Coastal Region,China

Spartina alterniflora Loisel，生长在的种内部沿着美国的东方海岸的潮汐的公寓，几乎 30 年以前在中国被介绍并且在中国的沿海的地区由于它的侵略海角成为了一个迫切话题。这相异的种类 S 的影响。alterniflora 在上内部在江苏沿海岸地区的潮汐的生态系统过程被在更早是一座泥公寓的四年的旧 Spartina 盐沼的一座泥公寓和那些比较沉积营养素可获得性和踪迹元素集中特征调查。在每个学习地点，十五个阴谋在不同季节被取样沿着潮汐的公寓决定沉积特征。结果建议有的 Spartina 盐沼沉积更高显著地总计 N，可得到的 P，和含水量，但是比泥公寓沉积降低 pH 和体积密度。沉积咸度，含水量，全部的 N，器官的 C，和可得到的 P 在 Spartina 盐沼沿着一个朝海的方向坡度减少了并且与植被生物资源增加了。而且，尽管这些增加不是重要的，踪迹元素的集中和在沉积的一些金属元素在 Spartina 下面是更高的。在 Spartina 沼泽地，另外，某重金属在沉积的表面层被集中。在这研究的 Spartina 盐沼仅仅是四岁；因此，在江苏沿海岸地区在很长时间框架上推进这相异的种的学习，这被建议应该被执行。

A spatial-explicit dynamic vegetation model that couples carbon,water,and nitrogen processes for arid and semiarid ecosystems

Arid and semiarid ecosystems, or dryland, are important to global biogeochemical cycles. Dryland＇s community structure and vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical cycles are sensitive to changes in climate and atmospheric composition. Vegetation dynamic models has been applied in global change studies, but the com- plex interactions among the carbon （C）, water, and nitrogen （N） cycles have not been adequately addressed in the current models. In this study, a process-based vegetation dynamic model was developed to study the responses of dryland ecosystems to environmental changes, emphasizing on the interactions among the C, water, and N proc- esses. To address the interactions between the C and water processes, it not only considers the effects of annual precipitation on vegetation distribution and soil moisture on organic matter （SOM） decomposition, but also explicitly models root competition for water and the water compensation processes. To address the interactions between C and N processes, it models the soil inorganic mater processes, such as N mineralization/immobilization, denitrifica- tion/nitrification, and N leaching, as well as the root competition for soil N. The model was parameterized for major plant functional types and evaluated against field observations.

Analysis of Land Use Change and Associated Implications on Soil Ecosystem Functions in South Eastern Nigeria

Land use change affects soil functions and its capacity to provide ecosystem services. Though much of the tropics are experiencing accelerated increases in land use change, associated impacts of such changes are poorly understood and studied. This study assessed the extent to which land use changes affect the soil ecosystem functions in a rainforest zone of south eastern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 24 sample locations in selected natural forest, cashew and palm plantations. Samples were analyzed in triplicate in the laboratory for geochemical analysis, after which the result was subjected to statistical analysis—ANOVA, correlation and regression. Forest carbon had higher % mean carbon content;though there was no significant difference (F (2, 21) = .246, p = .784) in carbon level across land uses. R value of .301 showed low correlation between % carbon, organic matter and % loss in ignition. Furthermore, R2 value of 9.1% total variation in the dependent variable could only be explained by the independent variables. CEC, Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus content of the land uses did not differ significantly: CEC (F (2, 21) = .844, p (.44);Nitrogen (.243), p (.79), Potassium (.140), p (.87), Phosphorus (.783), p (.47). This showed that there was no significant variation in soil fertility of the land uses, although natural forest had higher concentrations for these variables. Across the land uses, soil texture equally had no significant variations: % sand (F (2, 21) = .320, p (.729) % clay (.430), p (.656), % silt (.043), p (.958). Soil carbon was seen to be more enhanced in natural forest ecosystems than other land uses. Though plantations had reduced capacities to provide ecosystem functions, establishing such in modified landscapes is still advocated as they can coexist with such and yet ensure ecosystem functions.

基于生态系统完整性的自然保护地边界划定方法--以欧美地区的实践为例

科学划定自然保护地的边界关系到保护目标的实现和管理措施的制定,是自然保护地规划和建设的首要环节。该文以欧美地区的实践案例为例,介绍了基于生态系统完整性的自然保护地边界划定方法。首先对现有自然保护地边界划定方法进行梳理,在此基础上介绍了面向实施的景观单元(Operational Landscape Units)的概念和划定流程;其次梳理了韦斯特布鲁克圩田保护边界划定和旧金山湾海岸带保护边界划定的案例;最后为我国自然保护地的边界划定提出建议。

陆表自然和人文要素相互作用——“全球变化及应对”重点专项研究进展

在国家重点研发计划支持下,项目提出了陆表不均一性检测和订正的新方法,解决了渐变型不均一性检测和订正的难题,构建了中国地表太阳辐射、气温、地温、风速和降水等参数均一化站点和格点数据集,修订了关于中国地表风速变化趋势、增温格局及其形成机制的结论。融合多源数据,构建并验证了千米级、流域级或县域级的电厂、人口、生物质能、取水量、氮排放、二氧化碳排放等影响自然系统的关键人文要素历史和未来预估数据集。构建了未来关键人文要素情景,研制了碳中和目标下甲烷和氧化亚氮排放情景和用于驱动全球模式的未来情景,预估了中国碳中和战略的实施对全球变暖的减缓作用,发现中国碳中和对远期和中期全球变暖的减缓作用显著。给出了中国各省份水体氮排放安全阈值及超越时间,阐明了中国粮食产量与氮施肥的关系,提出了在保障粮食安全的前提下减少水体氮排放的有效途径,指出重构城乡养分循环体系是同时保障粮食安全和恢复水质的必要途径。发现全球饱和水汽压差的年际变化与大气二氧化碳浓度上升速率的年际变化显著相关,阐明了饱和水汽压差变化在调控生态系统生产力中的重要角色以及多因素耦合作用在生态系统生产力变化中的复杂影响。建议更全面细致地评估中国各种碳中和实现路径的社会经济和自然生态影响,以保证碳中和目标与其他可持续发展目标的协同实现。

Spatial analysis of plant detritus processing in a Mediterranean River type: the case of the River Tirso Basin, Sardinia, Italy

The river continuum concept represents the most general framework addressing the spatial variation of both structure and function in river ecosystems. In the Mediterranean ecoregion, summer drought events and dams constitute the main sources of local disturbance to the structure and functioning of river ecosystems occurring in the river basin. In this study, we analysed patterns of spatial variation of detritus processing in a 7th order river of the Mediterranean ecoregion(River Tirso, Sardinia-Italy) and in three 4th order sub-basins which were exposed to different summer drought pressures. The study was carried out on Phragmites australis and Alnus glutinosa leaf detritus at 31 field sites in seasonal field experiment Detritus processing rates were higher for Alnus glutinosa than for Phragmites australis plant detritus. Processing rates of Alnus glutinosa leaves varied among seasons and study sites from 0.006 d -1 to 0.189 d -1 and those of Phragmites australis leaves ranged from 0.0008 d -1 to 0.102 d -1, with the lowest values occurring at sites exposed to summer drought. Seasons and sites accounted for a significant proportion of such variability. Alder detritus decay rates generally decreased with increasing stream order, while reed detritus decay rates generally increased on the same spatial gradient. Summer drought events affected these spatial patterns of variation by influencing significantly the decay rates of both plant detritus. The comparisons among and within sub-basins showed strong negative influence of summer drought on detritus processing rates. Similarly, in the entire River Tirso basin decay rates were always lower at disturbed than at undisturbed sites for each stream order; decay rates of reed detritus remained lower at those sites even after the end of the disturbance events, while alder decay rates recovered rapidly from the summer drought perturbations. The different recovery of the processing rates of the two leaves could also explain the different patterns of spatial variation observed between the two leaves.

Extreme events as ecosystems drivers： Ecological consequences of anomalous Southern Hemisphere weather patterns during the 2001/2002 austral spring-summer

The frequency and severity of extreme events associated with global change are both forecast to increase with a concomitant increase expected in perturbations and disruptions of fundamental processes at ecosystem, community and population scales, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Extreme events should thus be viewed as ecosystem drivers, rather than as short term deviations from a perceived ＇norm＇. To illustrate this, we examined the impacts associated with the extraordinary weather pattern of the austral spring/summer of 2001/2002, and find that patterns of ocean-atmosphere interactions appear linked to a suite of extreme events in Antarctica and more widely across the Southern Hemisphere. In the Antarctic, the extreme events appear related to particular ecological impacts, including the substantial reduction in breeding success of Ade1ie penguins at sites in the Antarctic Peninsula as well as for Adelie penguin and snow petrel colonies in East Antarctica, and the creation of new benthic habitats associated with the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. Other major impacts occurred in marine and terrestrial ecosystems at temperate and tropical latitudes. The suite of impacts demonstrates that ecological consequences of extreme events are manifested at fundamental levels in ecosystem processes and produce long-term, persistent effects relative to the short-term durations of the events. Changes in the rates of primary productivity, species mortality, community structure and inter-specific interactions, and changes in trophodynamics were observed as a consequence of the conditions during the 2001/2002 summer. Lasting potential consequences include reaching or exceeding tipping points, trophic cascades and regime shifts.

干旱区气候变化及其对山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响研究进展

在干旱区,水是形成绿洲的根本要素。干旱区高寒山地是维系西北干旱区绿洲存在、是当地国民经济持续发展和生态环境稳定的水源地,山地森林生态系统具有重要的涵养水源功能,有“绿色水库”之称。气候变化将改变山地生态系统结构、组成和水循环,加剧水资源短缺,威胁干旱区绿洲安全。回顾并综述了干旱区气候变化及其对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程的影响研究进展,指出了研究中存在的问题,并提出未来在干旱区山地仍需要评估优于1 km空间分辨率的气候变化趋势,从多尺度、多界面、多学科、多方法开展气候变化对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响的综合研究,以促进干旱区山地生态学的发展,为干旱区管理部门提供适应和缓解气候变化、科学的制定气候变化条件下水资源管理方案、实现水资源的有效管理奠定理论基础,促进干旱区气候变化条件下的环境和社会经济可持续性发展。

基于AHP的济南南部山区人居林生态脆弱性评价

以济南南部山区人居林为研究对象,采用层次分析法(AHP),综合评价该区域人居林的生态环境脆弱性,对其生态脆弱性影响因素进行分析评估,为济南南部山区人居林生态建设提供决策依据和保护管理方案。结果表明,影响南部山区人居林的六个因素中面积减少是人居林退化的最大影响因素。其次,地形和土壤环境的变化被认为是引起人居林生态系统质量变化的主要威胁因素。植被结构及其质量变化对人居林的影响低于栖息地环境变化的影响。在人居林生态脆弱性评估结果中,依据脆弱性等级提供不同保护管理方案。通过对不同影响因素的分析评价,对每个脆弱性因素制定对应的生态策略,以保证人居林生境的恢复和区域生态的可持续发展。

基于AHP的技术创新生态链演进影响因素研究

本文探究影响技术创新生态链发展的关键因素,对于推动技术创新、技术创新生态链乃至技术创新生态系统的演进发展具有重要作用。本文在分析技术创新生态链演进影响因素的基础上,采用层次分析法,构建技术创新生态链演进评价模型,构造判断矩阵,计算各指标所占权重并进行一致性检验。结果发现,资源流转状况、节点创新能力、节点关系和组织管理水平是影响技术创新生态链演进的关键因素,可以通过提升以上四个方面的状况来促进技术创新生态链的演进。

Understory flora and community physiognomy of planted forests in the degraded purple soil ecosystem, South China

The flora and community physiognomy of degraded plantation ecosystems on purple soil were investigated in Ninghua County of Fujian Province, China to understand the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem processes.. Four different restoration communities (labeled as ecological restoration treatment I, II, Ill and IV) were selected by space-time replacement method according to the erosion intensity in degraded purple soil ecosystem. The results showed that there were totally 86 plant species belonging to 78 genera and 43 families in the degraded purple soil ecosystem. Of the 15 types of distribution area in spermatophyte genus, 12 types were found in the purple soil ecosystem. Along restoration gradient from low to high, plant growth type and life form spectra became abundant more and more, and the spermatophyte genera for each distribution area type and genera numbers for different foliage characters increased as well. It is concluded that the plant flora and physiognomy in ecological restoration process become more complex and diverse, indicating that the forest ecosystem on purple soil tends to be more stable.

湿地生态系统脱氮过程的植物调控机制

氮是引起水体富营养化的关键生源要素之一。近年来,全球水体富营养化问题依然突出,开展水体氮削减过程及机理研究具有重要意义。被称为“地球之肾”的湿地生态系统具有氮吸收、转化和截留等功能,作为主要初级生产者的湿地植物在其中发挥着重要作用。在分析湿地生态系统脱氮过程的基础上,重点从植物种类及多样性、根系分泌物、植物凋落物等方面阐述了植物调控湿地生态系统脱氮过程的机制,并对未来需要重点关注的问题进行了展望。建议从植物氮偏好性、植物多维多样性、植物-微生物群落相互作用、根系分泌物不同组分、脱氮过程产物组成等方向进一步深入深究脱氮过程的植物调控机制,为湿地生态系统削减氮污染提供理论依据和技术指导。

基于过程模型的2000—2018年中国陆地生态系统服务时空动态及其权衡与协同分析

2000年以来,中国陆地生态系统经历了剧烈变化并显著改变了生态系统服务。深入理解近20年中国陆地生态系统服务的时空演变格局及其权衡与协同关系对生态系统管理和可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。基于最新发展的遥感驱动的生态系统服务评估过程模型(CEVSA-ES),研究定量评估了2000—2018年中国4种生态系统服务(即净初级生产力、固碳、蓄水及土壤保持)的时空格局及其权衡与协同关系。结果发现:(1)净初级生产力、固碳、蓄水及土壤保持等服务在2018的全国总量分别为3.68 Pg C/a、0.43 Pg C/a、1015.71 km^(3)/a 208.18 Gt/a;东部季风区的生态系统服务显著高于西北内陆地区及青藏高原地区,特别是热带-亚热带地区主导了中国生态系统服务供给,其对全国尺度不同生态系统服务总量的贡献率均高于50%;(2)2000—2018年,全国净初级生产力、固碳、蓄水及土壤保持均呈增加趋势,年际变化速率分别为42.80 Tg C/a、13.42 Tg C/a、11.90 km^(3)/a、1.11 Gt/a,其中净初级生产力、固碳、蓄水呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05);针对不同气候区,热带-亚热带季风区主导了净初级生产力及固碳的增加趋势,蓄水在不同气候区均呈不显著增加趋势,土壤保持仅在温带大陆性气候区呈显著增加趋势;(3)2000—2018年中国净初级生产力、固碳、蓄水、土壤保持等服务两两之间均呈协同关系。净初级生产力是众多生态系统服务的基础,其与固碳、蓄水、土壤保持两两之间均呈现显著协同关系,这奠定了不同服务之间协同关系的基础;在空间上,两两生态系统服务之间呈协同关系的面积占全国总面积的比例均超过60%,其主要分布在中国北方及长江中下游地区。本研究有助于增强对生态系统服务变化的认知,提高生态系统服务评估结果的科学性,可为生态系统管理提供参考。

基于植被羰基硫通量估算陆地生态系统总初级生产力研究进展

羰基硫(COS)是大气中的长周期痕量气体,其分子结构、对流层大气混合比的昼夜和季节动态类似于二氧化碳(CO_(2))。植物光合作用及其水解过程中,受扩散通路导度和酶活性影响,气孔的COS与CO_(2)吸收紧密相关,同时,植物自养呼吸并不释放COS。最新研究中,采用植被COS通量直接指示生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)。综述了植被COS通量与光合作用中碳固定过程的关联机制,以及采用涡度相关观测、整合大气COS监测和生态系统过程模型等方法开展植被COS通量与GPP研究的最新进展,探讨了关键生态过程和参数,发现方法存在以下瓶颈:(1)生理过程、尺度效应和解析效应影响了COS与CO_(2)的叶片相对吸收率,(2)观测与模拟手段有待进一步耦合,(3)全球COS观测密度限制了方法验证,(4)硫循环过程影响了多区域模拟精度。方法发展的前沿领域包括:(1)开展重点地区植被COS通量观测,(2)提高COS卫星柱浓度的覆盖范围,(3)完善生态系统过程模型的COS吸收机理。展望未来研究关注的科学问题是:对于亚热带等尚待开展COS连续观测的区域,采用植被COS通量直接代理GPP的精度和不确定性。

利用基于自然的解决方案促进生物多样性保护

生物多样性丧失是当今人类面临的重要危机之一,在以“爱知目标”为代表的生物多样性保护目标均未实现的背景下,如何推进变革性转型以遏制和扭转生物多样性丧失趋势成为当务之急。基于自然的解决方案(NbS)因其坚持整体性、系统性、多样性、稳定性、可持续性、权衡性和包容性等原则,成为应对全球危机的重要途径。该文通过分析机理和功能层面生物多样性和NbS的关系,阐明了NbS利用恢复生态系统的复杂性和营养级来指引生物多样性保护的路径,提出了利用NbS促进生物多样性保护的双重内涵,一是以提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性为目标,二是利用自然生态过程。在建立NbS和生物多样性关联认知的基础上,该文进一步梳理了NbS的概念内涵与生物多样性保护目标的一致性,以及NbS在生态空间、农业空间、城镇空间对生物多样性保护的相关方法,归纳了NbS促进生物多样性的国内外实践案例,讨论了NbS协同促进生物多样性保护、应对气候变化和可持续发展的多重效益,展望了NbS纳入生物多样性保护战略规划的愿景,以期为促进《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》等框架履约、推进NbS在生物多样性保护主流化提供参考。

矿区生态系统演变与修复模式研究

矿产资源的开发利用活动造成矿区环境污染与生态破坏,影响矿区生态系统结构与功能的稳定性,明晰矿区生态系统的结构、功能和演变机理,对研究受损矿区生态系统的修复与重建具有重要意义。本文以矿区生态系统为研究对象,阐述矿区生态系统作为社会-经济-自然一体的复合型生态系统的内涵特征结构和功能。矿区生态系统具有复合性,人工性,开放性和能量、物质流动的特殊性等特征,能够在维持系统内部能量、物质、信息流动平衡的同时,与外部系统进行能量、物质、信息的交换。明确了煤矿区生态系统演变的2种类型,位于干旱或半干旱地区的矿区生态系统演变成荒漠或半荒漠生态系统、位于湿润或半湿润地区的矿区生态系统演变成水域或水陆共生生态系统;演变阶段可划分为原生态系统阶段、系统受损阶段、系统重建阶段以及系统动态平衡阶段等4个阶段。针对受损矿区生态系统的修复,提出3种修复模式:自然年恢复模式、辅助再生模式和生态重建模式。本文在总结矿区生态系统演变类型、演变阶段及演变过程的基础上,提出了针对矿区生态系统的修复模式,旨在为矿区生态系统提供科学、合理的修复和重建模式,人工正确诱导受损矿区生态系统的最终演替方向,确保矿区土地复垦与生态恢复重建的潜在风险最小化,从而促进矿区生态系统的动态平衡、合理再利用和可持续发展。

中国情境下产业创新生态系统评述与思考

产业创新生态系统理论的推演是一个理论间更新迭代的过程,从1912年熊彼特提出“创新”的概念,到阿德纳提出创新生态系统理论,再到众多学者对产业创新生态系统理论的论述,理论体系的建构是不断螺旋上升的。本文在前人的研究基础上,运用辩证逻辑进行解读,以揭示其内在的一致性。同时,借助Citespace软件进行关键词共现、聚类及突现并绘制图谱,以期对国内外产业创新生态系统问题的研究有所裨益。具体研究结果如下:首先,产业创新生态系统的研究,沿着产业创新到产业创新系统再到产业创新生态系统的发展脉络。其次,热点研究主题呈现多领域融合、多学科交叉的特点,并聚焦于创新主体、创新能力、价值共创、协同创新等主题。最后,在中国本土情境下,未来研究方向应注重数字技术、中国元素和产业创新生态系统的融合,以期推动中国式现代化进程。

创业生态系统情境下共生关系研究演进与未来展望

多主体间共生关系是创业生态系统形成和演化的关键标志,是探究创业生态系统参与主体间互动作用的重要抓手。通过系统梳理创业生态系统情境下共生关系相关研究,发现价值共生关系向机会共生关系演进发展已成为创业生态系统情境下共生关系未来的研究趋势。鉴于此,在明晰创业生态系统情境下共生关系理论内涵、概念演进和研究发展脉络的基础上,对比分析价值共生关系与机会共生关系从而解析理论内核,厘清价值共生关系与机会共生关系的研究现状,以识别研究缺口。最后,结合过程理论,展望创业生态系统情境下共生关系未来的研究方向。研究结论不仅有助于深化理解创业生态系统情境下共生关系研究的缘起和走向,对拓展创业生态系统及共生关系相关研究和实践亦具有启示意义。