Robust background subtraction in traffic video sequence

For intelligent transportation surveillance, a novel background model based on Mart wavelet kernel and a background subtraction technique based on binary discrete wavelet transforms were introduced. The background model kept a sample of intensity values for each pixel in the image and used this sample to estimate the probability density function of the pixel intensity. The density function was estimated using a new Marr wavelet kernel density estimation technique. Since this approach was quite general, the model could approximate any distribution for the pixel intensity without any assumptions about the underlying distribution shape. The background and current frame were transformed in the binary discrete wavelet domain, and background subtraction was performed in each sub-band. After obtaining the foreground, shadow was eliminated by an edge detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good results with much lower computational complexity and effectively extracts the moving objects with accuracy ratio higher than 90%, indicating that the proposed method is an effective algorithm for intelligent transportation system.

Background Subtraction and Frame Difference Based Moving Object Detection for Real-Time Surveillance

A new real-time algorithm is proposed in this paperfor detecting moving object in color image sequencestaken from stationary cameras.This algorithm combines a temporal difference with an adaptive background subtraction where the combination is novel.Ⅷ1en changes OCCUr.the background is automatically adapted to suit the new conditions.Forthe background model,a new model is proposed with each frame decomposed into regions and the model is based not only upon single pixel but also on the characteristic of a region.The hybrid presentationincludes a model for single pixel information and a model for the pixel’s neighboring area information.This new model of background can both improve the accuracy of segmentation due to that spatialinformation is taken into account and salientl5r speed up the processing procedure because porlion of neighboring pixel call be selected into modeling.The algorithm was successfully used in a video surveillance systern and the experiment result showsit call obtain a clearer foreground than the singleframe difference or background subtraction method.

Motion Tracking with Fast Adaptive Background Subtraction

To extract and tr ack moving objects is usually one of the most important tasks of intelligent video surveillance systems. This paper presents a fast and adaptive background subtraction algorithm and the motion tracking process using this algorithm. The algorithm uses only luminance components of sampled image sequence pixels and models every pixel in a statistical model. The algorithm is characterized by its ability of real time detecting sudden lighting changes, and extracting and tracking motion objects faster. It is shown that our algorithm can be realized with lower time and space complexity and adjustable object detection error rate with comparison to other background subtraction algorithms. Making use of the algorithm, an indoor monitoring system is also worked out and the motion tracking process is presented in this paper. Experimental results testify the algorithm's good performances when used in an indoor monitoring system.

Robust Background Subtraction Method via Low-Rank and Structured Sparse Decomposition

Background subtraction is a challenging problem in surveillance scenes. Although the low-rank and sparse decomposition(LRSD) methods offer an appropriate framework for background modeling, they fail to account for image's local structure, which is favorable for this problem. Based on this, we propose a background subtraction method via low-rank and SILTP-based structured sparse decomposition, named LRSSD. In this method, a novel SILTP-inducing sparsity norm is introduced to enhance the structured presentation of the foreground region. As an assistance, saliency detection is employed to render a rough shape and location of foreground. The final refined foreground is decided jointly by sparse component and attention map. Experimental results on different datasets show its superiority over the competing methods, especially under noise and changing illumination scenarios.

A method of estimating and subtracting the hydrogen background in the natural carbon target used in the ^(12)C + ^(12)C experiment

The experimental data of 100 A MeV12C +12C elastic scattering are checked by using two-body kinematic calculation and12 C + p elastic scattering. It is shown that the measured data are true and reliable. In the paper,the transformation between the excited energy spectra of the12 C +12C system and the ground state energy spectra of the12 C + p system is introduced. The method of subtraction of the hydrogen background in the natural carbon target used in the experiment is elaborately described and the results are discussed. It is indicated that this method of subtraction of hydrogen background is reasonable and can be used in the data analysis. Based on the elastic scattering cross section of the previous experiment of12C+p at 95.3A MeV, the hydrogen content entered into the reaction is analyzed. The final hydrogen content in the natural carbon target is(2.73 ± 0.12)%.

REAL-TIME TRACKING FOR FAST MOVING OBJECT ON COMPLEX BACKGROUND

A real-time tracking system for the fast moving object on the complex background is proposed.The Markov random filed（MRF）model based background subtraction algorithm is used to detect the changing pixels and track the moving object.The prior probability of the segmentation mask is modeled by using MRF,and the object tracking task is translated into the maximum a-posterior（MAP）problem.Experimental results show that the method is efficient at both offline and online moving objects on simple and complex background.

Diversity Sampling Based Kernel Density Estimation for Background Modeling

A novel diversity-sampling based nonparametric multi-modal background model is proposed. Using the samples having more popular and various intensity values in the training sequence, a nonparametric model is built for background subtraction. According to the related intensifies, different weights are given to the distinct samples in kernel density estimation. This avoids repeated computation using all samples, and makes computation more efficient in the evaluation phase. Experimental results show the validity of the diversity- sampling scheme and robustness of the proposed model in moving objects segmentation. The proposed algorithm can be used in outdoor surveillance systems.

Adaptive Motion Segmentation for Changing Background

Segmentation of moving objects efficiently from video sequence is very important for many applications. Background subtraction is a common method typically used to segment moving objects in image sequences taken from a statistic camera. Some existing algorithms cannot adapt to changing circumstances and require manual calibration in terms of specification of parameters or some hypotheses for changing background. An adaptive motion segmentation method is developed according to motion variation and chromatic characteristics, which prevents undesired corruption of the background model and does not consider the adaptation coefficient. RGB color space is selected instead of introducing complex color models to segment moving objects and suppress shadows. A color ratio for 4-connected neighbors of a pixel and multi-scale wavelet transformation are combined to suppress shadows. The mentioned approach is scene-independent and high correct segmentation. It has been shown that the approach is robust and efficient to detect moving objects by experiments.

一种反衍拟合的复小波改进方法在XRF图谱本底扣除中的应用

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析是煤中金属元素定量分析的重要方法,本底扣除准确度直接影响矿物金属分选的精细度。针对传统本底扣除方法本底契合度低、衍射峰面积误差大的问题,本文提出了一种基于复小波变换的反衍拟合XRF本底扣除优化方法。利用逆置寻谷的方法获得模拟本底谱线,通过拉格朗日插值法剥离谱线中的重叠峰谷,使模拟谱线进一步逼近实际本底,利用复小波变换方法对模拟本底谱线进行分解与重构,最终获得XRF图谱本底。利用反衍拟合的复小波改进方法对仿真图谱和真实图谱进行本底扣除实验,并与实数小波和双树复小波进行对比分析。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法衍射峰净峰面积误差低于1%,本底面积误差低于0.1%,本底准确性明显优于传统方法。

基于二次移动平均法估计背景光照的二值化方法

针对不均匀光照图像的阈值分割问题,提出一种基于二次移动平均法估计背景光照的改进二值化方法。首先,利用二次移动平均预测法对一维图像空间的灰度序列进行趋势预测,根据预测趋势寻找前景与背景的分界点以此进行背景估计,然后利用背景差法分离出目标图像,最后采用最大类间方差法进行全局分割获得分割结果。为验证算法的有效性,实验采用50幅非均匀光照条件下的图像作为测试样本,并与几种局部阈值分割算法进行了对比。实验结果表明,与传统阈值分割算法相比,该算法能够在减少光照影响获取较为完整的图像信息的同时,在处理速度上也具有明显的提升。

Target detection method for moving cows based on background subtraction

Target detection is the fundamental work for perceiving the behavior of cows using video analysis automatically.The videos captured in farming scenes often suffer from a complex background,which leads to difficulty in detecting the target and inconvenience in the subsequent images analysis.In this study,a method was proposed to detect the moving target accurately for cows based on background subtraction.Firstly,the bounding rectangle of cows was calculated using the frames difference method to extract the local background in frames,which were averaged and spliced into one image as the entire background image.Secondly,the size and location of a cow’s body were determined by the bounding rectangle of cows,and the body area was tracked through the video by the binary images.Thirdly,the summation coefficients on RGB channels were adjusted to improve the contrast between the target and background images.Finally,taking the body area in every frame as reference area,the performance of target detection was evaluated by the reference area to determine the optimal summation coefficients on RGB channels,and then background subtraction was processed again to finish the detection.A total of 129 videos were used to test the detection algorithm,and the accuracy of the algorithm was 88.34%,which was 24.85%higher than the classical background subtraction method.The study shows that the algorithm proposed in this study is feasible to detect the target accurately and timely when cows are walking straight in the farming environment under natural light,and this method can improve the detection performance and is an extension to the classical background subtraction method.

基于图半监督学习的移动相机背景减除

在对移动相机拍摄的视频进行背景减除时,已有的无监督和监督学习模型的泛化能力都比较差。为此提出一种基于图表示和半监督学习的移动相机背景减除模型。首先提出了一种基于凸非凸图全变差正则的半监督学习模型。模型利用L1范数与其广义Moreau包络的差来构造非凸图全变差正则,可避免图全变差中L1正则项带来的有偏估计,并且在理论上可以保证模型中目标函数的整体凸性,进而可以利用交替方向乘子法对模型进行求解。数值实验中,将新模型应用到背景减除中,并在CDnet2014数据集的PTZ挑战上进行了比较实验。实验结果表明,对移动相机视频序列进行背景减除时,新模型在视觉效果和数值指标上都要优于已有的无监督和监督学习模型。

一种提升鬼影抑制性能的改进视觉背景提取算法

运动目标检测为视频帧生成指示运动目标像素的二值图,因此,正确判别待检测场景中的运动目标像素和背景像素是运动目标检测算法的主要任务。本文针对传统场景提取算法背景模型初始化导致的“鬼影”问题,提出了时域区间参考模块,该模块通过时域区间内像素的统计值生成背景参考值,在像素判别阶段利用候选前景像素与该参考值的差异进一步确定前景像素。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法对传统视觉背景提取算法性能进行了提升,对“鬼影”有较强的抑制作用,提高了检测准确度,具有较好的检测性能。

基于视频图像的安全监测算法研究

针对智能视频监控中运动目标检测与提取相关算法易受噪声干扰和易出现空洞现象的问题,利用Matlab环境,将使用背景差分法与二帧差分法获得的二值图像与使用三帧差分法获得的二值图像进行“或”运算得出改进算法,并进行对比评估。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能够避免侦差法检测运动目标过程中出现的空洞现象,能够克服易出现噪声干扰的缺点,得到的目标轮廓也比之前单一算法提取的运动目标更加明确。

Big Data Oriented Novel Background Subtraction Algorithm for Urban Surveillance Systems

Due to the tremendous volume of data generated by urban surveillance systems, big data oriented lowcomplexity automatic background subtraction techniques are in great demand. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic background subtraction algorithm for urban surveillance systems in which the computer can automatically renew an image as the new background image when no object is detected. This method is both simple and robust with respect to changes in light conditions.

监控视频运动目标检测减背景技术的研究现状和展望

在很多计算机视觉应用中,一个基础而关键的任务是从视频序列中确定运动目标,其中对于固定摄像机的监控视频运动目标的检测,最常用的方法是减背景技术。其思想是将视频帧与一个背景模型做比较,其中区别较大的像素区域被认为是运动目标。但由于构建背景模型需要考虑光照变化等很多因素,因此开发一个好的减背景算法面临很多挑战。为了使人们对该技术有个初步了解,该文首先对利用减背景技术实现运动目标检测的过程、目前各种典型背景建模算法的原理和优缺点做了较为详细的阐述和归纳,然后总结了各种减背景算法的总体特点,并结合实验和文献资料对部分算法进行了对比评价,最后指出了减背景技术的未来研究重点和发展方向。

基于自适应背景模型的实时人体检测

提出了基于动态信息窗口的自适应背景模型,在此基础上建立人体检测的有效算法.通过实验表明,该方法能够适应变化的背景,具有较强的鲁棒性和较好的实时性.

长期视频监控系统的多分布模型背景差方法

提出在长期视频监控系统中采用背景差进行运动目标提取时算法所要满足的基本要求 ,并提出了一种能够满足这些要求的背景差方法 .该方法用色度、亮度空间的多个分布模型来建立背景模型 ,描述彩色视频图像的背景像素点及其统计特性 ,在对背景模型更新时将均值、方差的更新速率和多个模型的更替速率分开 .对像素值属于多个分布模型的情况 ,用最小相似距离确定要更新的模型 .该方法利用提取的前景像素点信息反馈以检测光强的突变 ,利用亮度信息消除运动目标的阴影 .

基于快速背景差分的高速铁路异物侵入检测算法

随着我国高速铁路通车里程不断增加,高速铁路的运营安全备受关注,异物侵入铁路限界对运营安全危害极大,有效检测侵入线路净空的异物对保障高速铁路安全运营具有重要意义。铁路场景环境光线多变和图像通道众多的特点对基于图像的异物检测方法的处理效果和实时性提出了较高的要求。针对铁路场景抖动发生在垂直方向的特点,提出了一维灰度投影结合高斯滤波的图像快速去抖方法,在大幅提高处理速度的同时获得了较好的去抖效果;针对复杂多变的背景,提出了一种基于前景目标统计分布的背景更新算法,定义了目标分散指数用于确定行列投影次序,通过统计前景目标分布实现背景更新,在提高速度的同时解决了传统背景更新算法难以解决的鬼影问题。最后通过背景差分获取前景目标,并通过目标标记、合并与特性分析提高目标检测的准确性。沪宁城际高速铁路典型场景的现场实验表明,该算法能有效检出铁路场景侵限目标,系统综合误检率约为0.54%,漏检率为0。

基于减背景技术的运动目标检测方法研究

首先利用统计的方法得到背景模型,并实时地对背景模型更新,以适应光线变化和场景本身的变化;减背景操作后,用形态学方法和检测连通域面积进行后处理,消除噪声和背景扰动带来的影响;最后在HSV色度空间下检测阴影,得到准确的运动目标。