A Review of China Tourism Education during the Republic of China( 1912 - 1949 )

With the primary development of tourism industry during the Republic of China,tourism education had drawn the attention of the relevant people and a number of practical activities were carried out one after another.This article mainly analyzed the general situations of tourism education of the Republic of China from the object,the form and the content of tourism education and thought that tourism education of that period had extensive objects,various forms,rich and practical contents.Also the characteristics of tourism education during the Republic of China had a positive role in the future development of tourism education in China.

A Summary of Educational Scholars’View on Educational Purpose during the Period of the Republic of China

By using literature data analysis,taking the views of educational scholars during the Republic of China as an entry point,selecting representative educational scholars from that period,studying the educational goals of those educational scholars,as well as summarizing and refining their educational concepts,it has been found that the focus was on the cultivation of a sound personality,the development of spiritual values,the cultivation of social responsibility,as well as the cultivation of national consciousness.These four aspects are consistent with the comprehensive development demands by the educational purposes of modern countries in terms of moral,intellectual,physical,artistic,and labor;they provide new supplements and impetus for the current educational purposes to cultivate effective people and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

The People’s Republic of China 2018 Observer Review Report to the Arctic Council

I. China’s contributions to the work of the Arctic Council’s Working Groups, Task Forces, and/or Expert Groups China is geographically a “Near-Arctic State”, one of the continental states that are closest to the Arctic Circle. The natural conditions of the Arctic and their changes have a direct impact on China’s climate system and ecological environment. Having long been involved in Arctic affairs, China is an active participant, builder and contributor in Arctic affairs.

Seven-Decade Structural Transformation of China’s Industrial Economy

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,China's industrial structure has experienced transformations in various stages,which is consistent with the general pattern of industrialization and China's domestic and international situations.These changes also have to do with China's reforms in building the socialist market economic system.China's seven-decade industrial structural transformation offers valuable experiences:In promoting its industrial development,China has persistently carried out economic reforms,kept pace with changing factor and demand structures,invested in technology importation and innovation,leveraged global resources and markets,and formulated development policies in line with specific industrial development stages.Despite industrial structural problems,China has set the stage for innovation-driven development,further opening up,and balanced regional development.China's industrial structure will keep evolving amid its transition toward a competitive industrial nation.

A Glimpse of the Initial Conditions for the Development of Science and Technology and Soviet Specialists in the PRC:1949–1955

This article aims to analyze the so-called“starting point”when modern scientific and technological successes in China were in their infancy,and to provide the reader with insight on how various challenges were overcome in their development.The period under review is 1949–1955.The information about this period was obtained from Soviet archives and special literature.The first part of the article describes the state of affairs in the People’s Republic of China(PRC)in the early years of its formation,focusing on education,science,industry(including military),communications,and rail transport.The second part turns to the Soviet specialists working in the PRC during these years,focusing on their profession,number,cities of residence and living conditions.Issues regarding Chinese specialists’internship in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)are also touched upon.The article selects several lesserknown areas in which professional competencies were established in this very weak post-war country to discover the origins of the most important science and technology in the contemporary PRC,thereby contributing to readers’understanding of the initial conditions for the development of science and technology in China.

民国时期职业教育资源分布研究

民国时期我国职业教育资源在国家政策等因素影响下,呈现出时间、空间及不同类型职业学校分布有所差异的特征,主要表现为地区分布不均衡但逐渐全面,集中于公立职业学校之中,抗日战争全面爆发前后分布有所差异等。民国时期职业教育资源分布是我国当前职业教育资源分布的基础,也为我国当前职业教育资源分布提供了相应镜鉴:承接分布传统,实现职业教育资源合理分布;完善国家顶层设计,均衡职业教育资源分布;优化职业教育资源供给,形成优质资源共享;加强专项建设,提高薄弱地区资源配置效率;国内外职业教育资源协同共建,引进国外职业教育资源。

民国时期建教合作政策的生成与转化——话语分析的视角

建教合作政策是产教融合政策的前身之一,话语分析是解构它的准备、生产与消费谱系的可行方法。在话语准备中,民国时期的特殊社会语境赋予建教学校、行政运行、专业教学三组政策群以经济、政治、文化色彩。话语权势、话语秩序、话语立场的由民转官、由弱转强、由建议转命令三处语用转折显示了建教合作政策的话语生产节点。在政府、媒体、政策部门中,建教合作政策的话语消费表现为稳定性、演绎性、共时性3条互文逻辑。基于话语准备、话语生产、话语消费的维度展开对民国时期建教合作政策的析理与透视,除了能够厘清民国时期建教合作政策的诞生情况,还能讨论当下产教融合政策的发展。

贯彻最有利于学前儿童的原则:立法与实践的双重审视

学前教育高质量发展是实现“幼有优育”的必由之路,而立法则是促进学前教育高质量发展的有力保障。《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》以最有利于学前儿童的原则为根本立场,旨在解决学前教育实践中面临的诸多问题。《草案》强调以公益普惠为基本方向,保障学前儿童的受教育权和参与权;推进科学保教,遵循学前儿童的身心发展规律;规定家园社三方协同育人责任,优化学前儿童的成长环境。尽管《草案》在许多方面具有前瞻性和指导意义,充分体现了对学前儿童权益的高度重视,但在具体实施上,仍需进一步完善相关条款,健全相应的制度保障。

Neglected tropical diseases in the People’s Republic of China: progress towards elimination

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,considerable progress has been made in the control and elimination of the country's initial set of 11 neglected tropical diseases.Indeed,elimination as a public health problem has been declared for lymphatic filariasis in 2007 and for trachoma in 2015.The remaining numbers of people affected by soil-transmitted helminth infection,clonorchiasis,taeniasis,and echinococcosis in 2015 were 29.1 million,6.0 million,366200,and 166100,respectively.In 2017,after more than 60 years of uninterrupted,multifaceted schistosomiasis control,has seen the number of cases dwindling from more than 10 million to 37600.Meanwhile,about 6000 dengue cases are reported,while the incidence of leishmaniasis,leprosy,and rabies are down at 600 or fewer per year.Sustained social and economic development,going hand-in-hand with improvement of water,sanitation,and hygiene provide the foundation for continued progress,while rigorous surveillance and specific public health responses will consolidate achievements and shape the elimination agenda.Targets for poverty elimination and strategic plans and intervention packages post-2020 are important opportunities for further control and elimination,when remaining challenges call for sustainable efforts.

高校思政课有效落实《爱国主义教育法》探赜

《中华人民共和国爱国主义教育法》的颁布和施行,从法律层面为高校思政课爱国主义教育提供了法律保障和制度保障。高校思政课有效落实《爱国主义教育法》,要从整体性把握《爱国主义教育法》实施的时代内涵、价值基础和法律支撑,从系统性透视《爱国主义教育法》实施的总体要求、要素特征、支持保障,从动态性推进《爱国主义教育法》实施的主体对象、载体创新、具体转化及评价体系,充分发挥高校思政课推进爱国主义教育法治化规范化的阵地作用,为高水平推进新时代爱国主义教育事业高质量发展提供重要遵循。

二十世纪三十年代中国教育发展之哲学方向的讨论及其影响

得益于杜威访华,教育专业留学生纷纷回国服务,二十世纪二三十年代成为中国教育哲学蓬勃发展的黄金时代。在这一时期,教育界酝酿了一场有关中国教育发展哲学方向的大讨论。1934年,吴俊升在天津的《大公报》上发表《中国教育需要一种哲学》,批评中国教育过于讲求“方法”和“制度”,而忽视教育背后的“理想或目标”,缺乏一种教育哲学。吴俊升的论文引发了一场大讨论,姜琦、郑宗海、张君劢、徐伯申等学者参与其中。这场讨论体现了当时教育哲学研究“从模仿到创作”的发展,反映了研究者在促进教育哲学本土化方面的追求,有力地推动了教育哲学学科建设。这场教育哲学讨论与教育发展、社会改革紧密联系在一起,扩大了教育哲学的社会影响。

近代读书会教育功能的需求分布、形式延展与价值回归——基于民国报纸的讨论

梳理民国报纸文献中的读书会主题史实,从组织者、对象、功能、举措等维度解析了近代读书会的基础教育、职业教育与高等教育三大功能,揭示了近代读书会在提升国民素质、深化学术研究、增进职业技能等方面发挥的积极作用,尤其是在宣扬爱国主义教育、推动国际文化交流等方面的正面导向意义,同时辨析了国民政府借文化之名推动国内反动斗争及由此引发的关于传统文化的辩证思考,揭露了帝国主义借文化之名实施意识形态侵略的史实,并探索了新时代背景下以读书会推动进步共读、提升文化自信的教育实践方向。

民国时期师范学校乡村教育课程设置

20世纪二三十年代,为帮助乡村教师候选人了解将要从事的乡村教育工作,乡村师范、高中师范科和部分高校专门开设了“乡村教育”课程。出于训练适合乡村需要的乡村教师的目标,民国时期的乡村教育课程汇总了与乡村社会和乡村教育相关的各方面内容,强调乡村教师候选人应深入乡村进行实践,在课程实施中与农业类课程相辅相成。在当今的乡村教师培养过程中,应重新思考乡村教育课程的性质与定位,探寻开设乡村教育课程的可行性路径;主动适应乡村社会需求,培育乡村教师的特殊素养;积极联系乡村实际,增强课程教学的实践性。

观念、方法与取向——余上沅与熊佛西民国时期戏剧教育思想之比较

作为民国时期中国最有影响力的两位戏剧教育家,余上沅与熊佛西尽管早年经历相似,但戏剧观念及戏剧教育观念却有较为明显的差异。余上沅的戏剧教育观念更具连续性,熊佛西的戏剧教育观念则更具发展性。两人都兼顾办刊与办学,注重培养学生的研究素质。在教育实践中,对于话剧中国化问题,余上沅更偏重借鉴戏曲艺术,而熊佛西则似乎更偏爱吸收民间戏剧形式。抗战促使二人的戏剧功能观发生转变,并直接或间接地影响了他们的戏剧教育观念。在主持四川省立戏剧教育实验学校期间,熊佛西凭借军事化管理将该校同一般意义上的戏剧学校区分开来。余上沅则选择了话剧科和高职科的分类培养方式,从而既坚守了戏剧的艺术性,也实现了戏剧的抗战宣传职能。

共和国教育与中国当代文学研究的现状与反思

共和国教育与中国当代文学之间存在着密切的关系,但系统全面地解读两者关系的研究成果还不多见。有些专著虽涉及教育与中国当代文学之间的关系,但大都不是专题论述。笔者在梳理有关这一课题研究既有成果的基础上,以机构研究、制度研究和理念研究作为切入点,探索共和国教育体制对文学创作的正反作用,为当下文学教育提供镜鉴。

“林译小说”的现代阅读及其意义——以民初教育部褒奖小说为例

清末民初,“林译小说”影响很大,其中十几种为民初教育部所褒奖,以利于通俗教育。这十几种褒奖小说为国民所普遍阅读,其中首推《黑奴吁天录》,其“阅读”焦点在于借黑奴悲黄种人,体现出浓厚的启蒙色彩。对三种伦理小说的阅读,反映了读者对传统伦理的重视,尤其是通过西方小说发现中西在人伦上的相通之处,从而更加坚定了维护“伦理”的信念。对四种社会小说的阅读,体现了读者关注下层人民的悲悯情怀,更肯定了西方社会小说与我国古文在叙事技法上惊人的相似之处。对其他几种小说的阅读,各有侧重。对这些褒奖小说的阅读反映了读者思想观念的深刻变化。此外,考证与品评、批评这两种广义的“阅读”方式则大力促进了近代翻译小说批评的发展。

中华人民共和国成立之初高校思想政治理论课的建设与历史经验

中华人民共和国成立后,高校思想政治理论课正式开启了建设与发展的历史进程。在高校开设思想政治理论课,有着深厚的理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑。1949年到1956年,高校思想政治理论课进行了许多方面的探索与实践,在不断调整中逐步形成了较为系统的课程体系,多种形式渠道建设师资队伍,探索理论与实际一致的教学方式,着力构建齐抓共管的工作格局。初创阶段的探索形成了弥足珍贵的历史经验,如坚持党的领导是根本保证,突出马克思主义理论教育是主题主线,坚持理论与实际相一致是重要方法,加强教师队伍建设是关键环节,办好中国特色是长远之计等,这对于办好新时代思想政治理论课具有重要启示和借鉴意义。

中华人民共和国成立75年来大学生思想政治教育发展的历程、逻辑与展望

中国共产党历来高度重视大学生思想政治教育工作。作为国家意识形态建设的重要组成部分,大学生思想政治教育以其鲜明的政治性,与党和国家的发展密切相连,并呈现出不同的阶段性特征。系统梳理中华人民共和国成立75年以来大学生思想政治教育经历的起步探索期、曲折前行期、科学发展期和创新发展期等历程,深入把握其在育人目标、育人内容、育人载体和育人格局的逻辑变迁,深化大学生思想政治教育发展的规律性认识,着力探寻新时代大学生思想政治教育建设发展的未来路径,以期推动新时代大学生思想政治教育工作的创新发展。

民国时期师范学校乡村教育教科书的编撰特点及启示

民国时期,随着乡村教育课程在乡村师范学校逐步开设,乡村教育教科书相继编撰出版。这一时期出版的乡村教育教科书特色鲜明,在编撰理念上凸显出引领实践、丰富理论的特点,编撰内容上显现出立足乡土、全面探究的特征,编撰视角上体现出取法中外、跨越学科的特色。民国时期的乡村教科书编写对当今构建乡村教师教育课程体系和编写相关教科书具有重要启示:明确乡村教师的公共使命,为乡村振兴贡献教育力量;立足时代需求和乡村实际,构建多维度的乡村教育内容体系;探索理论研修与实践调查相融合的路径,改善新生代乡村教师候选人的学习方式。