A Study on the Contribution of Vocational Education and Training to the Industrial Development in China

Vocational education and training are an important part of China’s national education system.The two essential characteristics of employment orientation and social service determine that vocational education has a closer connection with social production than other types of education.At present,China’s economic development is in a new stage of transformation and upgrading.The new normal of the economy will inevitably require a corresponding new normal of vocational education and training.The transformation of social needs will eventually lead to changes in the composition of the workforce.Vocational education and training should be aligned with the characteristics of the new normal economy.Using mixed research methods,this study focuses on vocational education and training and explores how it contributes to industrial development in China.

Integration of Excellent Chinese Traditional Culture into the Training and Education of Acupuncture and Massage Professionals

By reflecting on the current situation of the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training of acupuncture and massage professionals,this paper aims to carry out the research on the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training and education of acupuncture and massage.The specific implementation path includes early investigation and analysis,establishment of research objectives,formulation of teaching strategies,means and methods,empirical research on the process of teaching practice,teaching measurement and evaluation,and so on.Finally,it summarizes the connotation of the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training of acupuncture and massage professionals,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training and education of acupuncture and massage professionals.

Industrial Upgrade,Vocational Ability and Migrant Worker Education and Training

Economic structure adjustment,industrial upgrade,and demands of migrant workers for vocational ability are direct driving factors for migrant workers participating in education and training.Personal quality of migrant workers not only concerns their survival and development,but also concerns upgrade of modern industrial structure.From the perspective of industrial upgrade,vocational ability and mechanism of migrant worker education and training,this paper analyzes difficulties in migrant worker education and training.On the basis of the difficulties,it come up with some strategies and recommendations.

Construction Path of Farmer Education and Training System in the Context of Rural Revitalization

It is very important to establish a farmer education and training system for the revitalization of rural talents.This paper analyzed the necessity and new requirements for the construction of a farmer education and training system in the new era.It pointed out the specific path for construction of farmer education and training system from accurately grasping the development direction of farmer education and training,accelerating the construction of a new pattern of farmer education and training,comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of farmer education and training,and actively creating a good atmosphere for farmer education and training,so as to promote the revitalization of rural talents.

Improving Language Skills for Learners in Vocational Education and Training from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds:A Lit⁃erature Review

The vocational education and training(VET)system helps people from culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)back-grounds to integrate and settle into society.However,successful completion of VET is closely related to CALD learners’language skills.This literature review aims at identifying the main methods of language skills improvement for VET learners from CALD backgrounds.Five language support/training methods based on different theoretical models are also introduced in this literature re-view,including the model outlines and target groups.

Second Group of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases Established

The Ministry of Education and the State Council Information Office on July 22 announced the second group of national human rights education and training bases, in- cluding the Human Rights Research Center at Renmin University of China, the Human Rights Research Center at Fudan University, the Human Rights Research Academy at Wuhan University, the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University and the Human Rights Education and Research Center at the Southwest University of Politica~ Science arid Law.

Responsibilities and Working Mechanism of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases

On July 22, 2014, the second group of national human rights education and train- ing bases was announced,increasing the number of national bases from the previous three to a total of eight, which reflects the advancement of human rights education and ~aining in China and has far-reaching significance.

Evaluating Training Programs for Electroacupuncture Techniques with Skin Temperature as a New Index

Training in acupuncture techniques has a long history of thousands of years. It has been individually handed down from person (teacher) to person (student). However, techniques and training have not been scientifically evaluated because individual differences may exist among evaluators. In animal studies, some researchers have reported that acupuncture stimulation dilates blood vessels of the skin and skeletal muscles. These studies also reveal an association between skin temperature (ST) and blood circulation volume on the skin. Our previous studies have reported that acupuncture stimulation, especially that of electroacupuncture (EA), can elevate ST. Therefore, we monitored the instructive effects and level of EA techniques with ST and propose that we can bring monitoring ST into training/education of EA as a new index of technical assessment. Moreover, ratio of changes might be used as new criteria for retraining. Healthy students (n = 14) were given with 10 minutes of EA stimulation on the tibialis anterior: Zusanli (ST36) and Tiaokou (ST38). Their ST was monitored before and during stimulation as well as for 30 minutes after stimulation. All subjects showed a nominal increase in ST. At the time, ratios of changes were also calculated. Two subjects did not reach the average of 1.3%. This suggests that the technical level of the therapist was inadequate. Thus, observation of ST elevation and calculation of the average ratio of ST change (elevation) could be applied to a new scientific index of technical assessment in acupuncture treatment training. However, further research (e.g., larger-scale studies, adjustment for gender differences, or other age subjects) is required to support these findings.

深化临床医学教育改革培养造就服务健康中国需求的卓越医师

本文围绕如何培养造就服务健康中国需求的卓越医师,从卓越医生教育培养计划着手,以临床医学专业学位教育和临床医学八年制培养改革为例,夯实高校附属医院医学人才培养主阵地,分析卓越医师培养和卓越医师科学家培养有效途径。

医院卫生技术人员对静脉血栓栓塞症防治认知差异及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国医疗情境下静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism, VTE)认知差异及影响因素,为制定有效的VTE防治管理策略和培训计划提供依据。方法 采用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过分层抽样对医院在岗卫生技术人员进行问卷调查,涵盖医生、护士、技师、药师及医院管理者。问卷内容包括个人基本信息、对VTE防治的认知情况、态度及难点,针对以上数据进行描述性分析、单因素和多元线性回归分析。结果 共收集有效问卷915份。调查显示卫生技术人员对VTE防治的认知总体较高,但存在显著差异。性别、人员类别、教育程度和职称是影响VTE认知的主要因素。与药师相比,规范化培训医师、护士、医师及医疗管理人员的VTE认知得分较高。较高的教育程度和职称水平与更高的VTE防治认知呈正相关。在态度方面,大部分卫生技术人员对VTE防治持积极态度,但也担忧额外工作压力和患者的依从性。结论 人员类别、教育程度和职称是影响卫生技术人员VTE防治认知的主要因素。建议加强对不同类别卫生技术人员的VTE防治知识培训,特别针对初级和中级医务人员,建议提升其专业能力和参与意愿,同时强化跨科室合作和患者教育,以提高VTE防治的效果。

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral donors.Findings:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic contexts.It offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.Originality/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development

Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.

Contribution of joint experiments on small tokamaks in the framework of IAEA coordinated research projects to mainstream fusion research

Joint experiments(JEs)on small tokamaks have been regularly performed between 2005 and 2015 under the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)coordinated research projects(CRPs).This paper describes the background and the rationale for these experiments,how they were organized and executed,main areas of research covered during these experiments,main results,contributions to mainstream fusion research,and discusses lessons learned and outcomes from these activities.We underline several of the most important scientific outputs and also specific outputs in the education of young scientists and scientists from developing countries and their importance.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)in Kenya:The Kenya-China TVET Project

This study explores the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on improving vocational education quality and employment rates in Kenya through a collaborative educational program known as the Kenya-China Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)project.The opinions and narratives of teachers and students with vibrant knowledge of the project were analyzed through the theoretical lenses of globalization and vocationalism.The results show that the Kenya-China TVET Project has improved Kenyan TVET classrooms with modern equipment to meet industrial standards and allowed essential skills to be developed through various collaborative opportunities with Chinese corporations.Despite minor challenges and obstacles,early evidence suggests benefits brought by the project including increased self-employment,a growth in Kenya’s manufacturing,and more mutual understanding between the two countries.

Train-the-Trainer Course on Energy Efficient Operation of Ships

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) expanded, in 2011, its air emissions control regulations by encouraging energy efficiency and added them to MARPOL Annex VI. To assist national implementation of these new regulations, the IMO-KOICA partnership sponsored the development of a Train-the-Trainer (TTT) project on energy efficient operation of ships. The first project objective was to develop a comprehensive training package, which covers company policy and shipping contracts, port/ship interaction, ship technical solutions and day-to-day ship management. The second objective was to enhance capacity building in developing countries by creating a pool of instructors able to raise awareness in their respective regions using the dedicated training material. During each session, pedagogic support tools backed the content delivery. Forty-one participants from thirty-two countries attended two sessions of the TTT course. The TTT training formula, blending content and pedagogics, demonstrated its efficiency by committing and challenging each participant during the entire course. The outcome of the final day assessment showed that participants captured the essence of the issues and were able to absorb the basics of pedagogy to support the distribution of the training content and spread awareness. Know-how gained through TTT will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in promoting sustainable maritime transport development as advanced by the IMO. It is the authors’ strong belief that the way that the TTT course is designed, developed and delivered provides unique benefits for the participants and their countries.

The Impact of Maritime Accidents on the Autonomous Ships Proving Their Missions in the Future

The main issue is figuring out how to make it work within the rules.Instead of relying on crew,shipping companies could make more money,by reducing manpower expenses and increasing cargo transport volumes,while the entire industry could become safer by eliminating the human factor that contributes so much to accidents.New threats and errors will arise,but they can be as a minimum equalized or even reduced compared to the existing ones,so we can have more reliable ships without putting lives at risk.The main goal is to identify the most common ships accidents type,as well as the most common types of ships that cause accidents,which could have an impact on the future of autonomous ships.There is also a way to gain access to human error,education and training,and how to deal with weaknesses in the future of these ships.This research is based on a descriptive approach,as this methodology is the most capable of providing a comprehensive picture of the efficiency of the new technology.

Geoinformatics education in China

The paper gives an overview of the current status of education in geoinformatics in China.First,the paper provides a brief introduction to the history of geoinformatics education in China and a general review of the scientific and technological development.It then presents how the development affects the education and training in China.In the paper,universities and institutes in China that can award academic degrees related to geoinformatics are summarized,and undergraduate majors are briefly introduced.Next,the paper reports the work having been done by the national expert group on Surveying and Mapping,including the revision of discipline catalog and guide for graduate education and requirements.A list of typical curricula in geoinformatics education is suggested.Activities on promoting the graduate student exchange platform are presented.Finally,a case study of geoinformatics education in Wuhan University is discussed.

Geoinformatics education and outreach:looking forward

Geoinformatics education is a key factor for sustainable development of geo-spatial sciences and industries.There have been a variety of educational activities focusing on education and training,technology transfer,and capability building in photogrammetry,remote sensing,and spatial information science,together known as Geoinformatics.Geoinformatics education is an essential mission and even determinant in the ISPRS society.The paper discusses key issues in Geoinformatics education.It reviews educational activities from the ISPRS perspective and summarizes lessons learned from these actions.A vision towards future trends of Geoinformatics education in the ISPRS is provided.

Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy research.This accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy production.Europe has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this journey.We propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion reactor.The proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training programmes.We foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser fusion.This project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.