Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress ...Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,"first distribution and redistribution must deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency,and redistribution pays more attention to fairness"Distribution policy,in 2021,the tenth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to promote common prosperity in stages.The relationship between fairness and efficiency has always been the basic principle and standard for the country to formulate policies,and it is also the core issue discussed by scholars.Both utilitarianism and Rawls'two principles of justice provide us with different perspectives to explore the relationship between fairness and efficiency.This article focuses on Rawls's critique of utilitarianism and the specific content of the two justice principles,and makes a simple discussion on the relationship between fairness and efficiency and its enlightenment on the formulation of distribution policies in our country.展开更多
Organizations are facing challenges to cope with gender equity in the presence of a diverse workforce.The present study investigates the moderating impact of Islamic work ethics on the organizational justicegender equ...Organizations are facing challenges to cope with gender equity in the presence of a diverse workforce.The present study investigates the moderating impact of Islamic work ethics on the organizational justicegender equity relationship.Self-administered questionnaires were sent to employees working in a large private university in a State of Qatar.This study collected data from 250 employees with 66.12%response rate.The present study employed structural equation modelling to analyse data in SmartPLS 3.0 and SPSS version 24.Empirical findings revealed the significant relationship of distributive justice and interactional justice with gender equity.Procedural justice did not relate to gender equity.Furthermore,Islamic work ethics also moderated the relationship of interactional justice with gender equity.Limitations and implications have been added at the end of paper.This study is first in its nature revealing the conditional factor of Islamic work ethics on the organizational justicegender equity relationship.展开更多
Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experien...Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.展开更多
文摘Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,"first distribution and redistribution must deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency,and redistribution pays more attention to fairness"Distribution policy,in 2021,the tenth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to promote common prosperity in stages.The relationship between fairness and efficiency has always been the basic principle and standard for the country to formulate policies,and it is also the core issue discussed by scholars.Both utilitarianism and Rawls'two principles of justice provide us with different perspectives to explore the relationship between fairness and efficiency.This article focuses on Rawls's critique of utilitarianism and the specific content of the two justice principles,and makes a simple discussion on the relationship between fairness and efficiency and its enlightenment on the formulation of distribution policies in our country.
文摘Organizations are facing challenges to cope with gender equity in the presence of a diverse workforce.The present study investigates the moderating impact of Islamic work ethics on the organizational justicegender equity relationship.Self-administered questionnaires were sent to employees working in a large private university in a State of Qatar.This study collected data from 250 employees with 66.12%response rate.The present study employed structural equation modelling to analyse data in SmartPLS 3.0 and SPSS version 24.Empirical findings revealed the significant relationship of distributive justice and interactional justice with gender equity.Procedural justice did not relate to gender equity.Furthermore,Islamic work ethics also moderated the relationship of interactional justice with gender equity.Limitations and implications have been added at the end of paper.This study is first in its nature revealing the conditional factor of Islamic work ethics on the organizational justicegender equity relationship.
文摘Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.
