Side Effects of Gamifying Environmental Education Activities in Chinese Kindergartens

Environmental education is an effective approach to addressing environmental issues,and incorporating environmental education into kindergarten through gamified activities aligns with the concept of gamifying teaching and provides the optimal pathway for implementing environmental education.The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific processes involved in determining the objectives,themes,and content of gamified environmental education activities,as well as the organization,implementation,and evaluation of these activities in kindergarten settings.Five classes from Class G in Xining City Kindergarten were selected as the observational subjects for this study.Interviews were conducted with the teaching staff and the head of the kindergarten.The data obtained from observations and interviews served as the primary data for this research.The results indicate that the activity objectives formulated by teachers lack scientific basis and operability,with limited incorporation of gaming elements.The activity themes and content are narrow in scope and primarily determined by teachers and kindergarten administrators.The organization and implementation of activities often neglect the playful experiences of children,and activity evaluation is not given sufficient attention.

Research on the Strategy of Integrating Red Culture into Patriotic Education Activities of Young People

Young people are the flowers of the motherland, is the future of the motherland, youth teachers have great responsibilities. Integrate red culture into daily teaching activities, inherit and carry forward, enhance children’s values, cultivate children’s excellent qualities such as patriotism and selfless dedication, improve children’s comprehensive quality, and let children grow up healthily. Taking red culture as the starting point, this paper discusses the strategy of integrating red cultural resources into patriotic education activities of teenagers, points out the existing problems in the current integration of red culture into patriotic education activities of teenagers and finds out the reasons;clarify the relevant concepts of red culture and patriotic education activities for young people;from the three aspects of integrating curriculum resources to enhance the significance of red culture education, creating a red environment to create a red education atmosphere, and digging deep into red cultural resources, this paper discusses the strategy of integrating red culture into patriotic education activities for young people, aiming to promote the organic combination of patriotic education activities and red culture for young people, and increase national and cultural self-confidence.

Behaviour and perception of parents on irrational use of antibiotics in children at primary care level:A cross-sectional study from Turkey

Objective:To investigate the perception of antibiotics,the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic use,and the factors that lead to inappropriate antibiotic use by parents who apply to primary healthcare organizations.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 973 parents who applied to primary healthcare centers.We analyzed basic concepts related to antibiotics prescribed for their children,antibiotic administration,and antibiotic resistance,as well as parents'knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use,and their experiences,practices,and perceptions related to purchasing antibiotics without prescription.Results:In the past one year,78.9%of the parents gave antibiotics to their children at least once,and 39.1%gave antibiotics three or more times.Some of the participants(7.1%)reported having forced the physician to prescribe antibiotics and purchased antibiotics without a prescription(13.2%).The knowledge about antibiotics and awareness about antibiotic resistance were found to be more frequent;among parents who had university degrees,higher income levels,two or fewer children,social insurance and negative behaviours were lower in those who received information about antibiotics from healthcare professionals.The probability of taking antibiotics without prescription was lower in that of with higher income level(OR 0.460;95%CI 0.219-0.965),and the probability of forcing antibiotic prescription was higher in those with 3 or more children(OR 6.94;95%CI 2.37-20.26).The score obtained from the awareness of antibiotic resistance sub-dimension was found to negatively affect the behavior of forcing antibiotic prescription(OR 0.852;95%CI 0.732-0.993)but the score obtained from the behaviour sub-dimension was positively affect this behaviour(OR 1.136;95%CI 1.011-1.276).Conclusions:Inappropriate antibiotic use appears to be a problem with negative perception,lack of knowledge and socioeconomic dimension.Studies should be conducted to increase antibiotic knowledge in parents and to expand the scope of social insurance.

Managing a University From Its Revenue Perspective-Empirical Illustration of Poznan University of Economics

The concept of higher education development allowing universities to make full contribution to the Lisbon Strategy, assumes an increased competitiveness of European universities. Such increase should result in making them more attractive to students, improving teaching quality, and finally ensuring higher levels of research and innovation. Universities will not become innovative and responsive to change unless they are given real autonomy and accountability. This requires new internal governance systems based on strategic priorities and on professional management of human resources, investment, and administrative procedures. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between education and scientific activities of universities. The said interrelation was analyzed both from the perspective of the university＇s main sources of revenues （i.e., subsidies）, as well as from the perspective of financial results generated by the university＇s internal units. The paper＇s objective determines the choice of research methods, based on critical, comparative, and descriptive analysis. The paper contains elements of deductive reasoning. The authors＇ analysis showed a strongly negative correlation of research performance to educational performance. The structure of algorithms used to calculate the subsidy paid to a given university may suggest a negative correlation between its revenues from educational activity and those from research. However, by analyzing the variability of revenues vis-a-vis the main components of algorithms used to calculate the subsidy one can conclude that revenues from research and from education are not interrelated. This lack of any relationship could be explained by considerable inertia of the subsidies. Changes in key algorithm components do not have a proportional effect on the amount of available subsidy.