Efficacy of HIV/AIDS Related Educational Package on Awareness and High-Risk Behavior of Adolescent Students in Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are among the most complex health problems of the 21st century. Young people aged 15 - 24 years are the HIV/AIDS at risk group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational interventional program on knowledge on HIV/AIDS among adolescent students of higher secondary school in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: The study was the pre test - post test experimental study design with an experimental and a control group conducted in the randomly selected eighteen higher secondary schools. The intervention, educational package on HIV/AIDS, was provided to all grade twelve students in the intervention group from 1st September, 2017 to 2nd January, 2018. In total, 321 from the intervention group, and 283 from the control enrolled at baseline and over 95% of these were followed up at posttest. The data were collected from self-administered questionnaires in English version and analyzed by using independence t-test and paired t-test. Results: Overall pretest knowledge of both intervention and control groups was comparable with 27.58 ± 4.05 and 28.53 ± 3.77 mean ± standard deviation respectively. But statistical analysis showed significant higher knowledge (P = 0.03) among control group. After the educational intervention, the mean knowledge score of control group increased by only 0.47, whereas the same score increased by 11.57 and reached 39.15 ± 3.7 in post-test for intervention group. The difference in post-test score was statistically highly significant (P Conclusion: Educational intervention was efficacious in improving awareness of adolescent students on HIV/AIDS. The study has also indicated that remarkable numbers of adolescents are practicing high risk behavior for HIV/AIDS like having early initiation sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, using alcohol before intercourse etc. There is need to promote education program among higher secondary schools to multiply the effects of providing opportunities to equip students with factual information on HIV/AIDS.

An Evaluation of STD/AIDS Health Education among Female Sex Workers in Entertainment Establishments in Jingjiang City

Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative information about demographic characteristics, STD/AIDS knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors of female sex workers. Female sex workers were selected by sampling and were given baseline survey and assessment after intervention. Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, and intervention measures were determined. These measures included face-to-face interviewing, counseling, and distribution of STD/AIDS information and condoms. Results: 196 and 182 female sex workers of the same population were interviewed separately before and after intervention. STDs/AIDS knowledge had significantly increased after one year's intervention (P <0.01). Knowledge increased in both the intervention group and the non-intervention group but the increase was more significant among sex workers who received the intervention. Risk behaviors remained at baseline levels in both groups. Conclusion: STD/AIDS health education among female sex workers in entertainment establishments was effective and may benefit society, but the strategies need to be adjusted to the female sex workers' lifestyles, particularly their high rates of mobility and high-risk behaviors.

A Life-skills-based HIV/AIDS Prevention Education for Rural Students of Primary Schools in China:What Changed? What Have We Learned?

Objective To evaluate a four-hour life-skills-based HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum among 5th grade students in rural primary schools of Hainan province.Methods The study included two stages.Stage one （September 2006-May 2007） was a pre-post-quasi experimental design;a total of 2 413 students aged 9 to 14 years from fifth grade classes of nine primary schools completed a baseline survey （1 720 students were in the intervention group,693 in the control group）,and over 98% of them took part in a short survey.The experimental curriculum was provided to the intervention group.At stage two （September 2008）,a cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 6 923 students in 7th grade classes of eight middle schools in the same study sites.There were 1 437 students in the intervention group when the curriculum was conducted.Results Students tended to score higher in areas of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes,if they were younger than average,lived in the county seat,had access to the internet,and their parents had completed higher levels of education.Path analysis showed that,after controlling for characteristics such as family and community factors,the total effects of curriculum on knowledge in the short-term model increased remarkably compared with the baseline,and maintained major contributions to knowledge in the mid-term model.The positive effect of knowledge on attitudes was significantly improved in the short-term model as well.Conclusion A life-skills based curriculum can improve HIV/AIDS related knowledge and self-perceived level of life-skills among primary school students in rural areas in a short time,and these positive effects can still be observed at least 2 years post participation in the curriculum.

The Strategies of AIDS Health Education in Colleges and Universities

Since its discovery,AIDS has seriously threaten human health,economic development and social security.Undergraduates students in China,one focus of AIDS prevention and treatment,are at high risk of HIV infection.Their knowledge of AIDS,attitude toward the disease and behavior are closely related to the epidemiological trend of AIDS in China.In view of this,this paper discusses the health education strategies on AIDS in colleges and universities,with a view to providing the relevant work references.

Impact Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Education in Rural Henan Province of China

Nowadays, there is a trend of HIV prevalence transmitting from high-risk group to average-risk group in China. Rural China is the weak link of HIV prevention, and rural areas of Henan province which is one of the most high-risk regions in China have more than 60% of the AIDS patients in the province. Thus, improving the HIV awareness and implementing health education become the top-priority of HIV/AIDS control and prevention. A multistage sampling was designed to draw 1129 people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHAs） and 1168 non-PLWHAs in 4 prevalence counties of Henan province. A health promoting and social-psychological support model was constructed to improve the health knowledge of participants. Chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression were performed to determine the intervention effect and influencing factors. All groups had misunderstandings towards the basic medical knowledge and the AIDS transmission mode. Before the intervention, 59.3% of the HIV/AIDS patients and 74.6% of the healthy people had negative attitudes towards the disease. There was statistically significant difference in the improvement of knowledge, attitude and action with regards to HIV prevention before and after intervention （P〈0.05）. PLWHAs who were males （OR=l.731） and had higher education level （OR=1.910） were found to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge, whereas older PLWHAs （OR=0.961） were less likely to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge. However, the intervention effect was associated with the expertise of doctors and supervisors, the content and methods of education, and participants＇ education level. It was concluded that health education of HIV/AIDS which positively influences the awareness and attitude of HIV prevention is popular in rural areas, therefore, a systematic and long-term program of HIV control and prevention is urgently needed in rural areas.

Study of Peer-led Intervention on Reproductive Health Education and AIDS Prevention in Joint Venture Factories in Kunshan County

Objective To disseminate the knowledge of contraception and STD/AIDS prevention to unmarried young adults.Methods A peer-led 8-month intervention on reproductive health promotion and STD/ AIDS preve,tion was conducted in joint venture factories in Kunshan County through existing famity planning service network. A quasi-experimental design was used. Results The contraception. STD/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes improved significantly, and the use of condom also increased significantly in experimental group after the intervention. No such changes occurred in control group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the peer-led education is an effective approvach of expanding reproductive health and AIDS prevention services to unmarried young adults in the joint venture factories.

Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Participatory Sex Education on the Dual Prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS and Unwanted Pregnancies among Adolescents in Kinshasa High Schools, DR Congo

Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex education participatory approach among adolescents in Kinshasa high schools. Methods: Based on a “pre and post” virtually experimental design, two crosswise surveys were conducted in Kinshasa, for six months in 2011-2012 on 484 high school students (pre-survey) and on 441 high school students (post-survey), whose age range from 14 - 19 years including both sexes. Two participatory educational talks (PET) “A” and “B”, covered weekly in two different schools, were compared to a control group school. The PET “A” consisted of interactive interpersonal communication sessions given by an external expert as a substitute for the life education course in one school. The PET “B” carried out in another school, included more educational talk sessions, led by the external expert and supplemented by a close follow-up of teenagers divided into small groups of 10 participants. The subjects’ assessment was based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention as well as to unwanted pregnancies. Results: The subjects involved in the PET “B” displayed a better/higher performance based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention and unwanted pregnancies. Broadly speaking, knowledge has been improved 6 times with the PET “B” (OR = 6, 10, IC 95%) (3.24 - 11.9), and 3 times with the PET “A” (OR = 3, 45, IC 95%) (1.79 - 6.81), compared to control school. Similarly, findings on subjects’ attitudes show an improvement rated 12 times with the PET”B” (OR = 11, 99, IC 95%) (5.67 - 27.38) and 5 times for the PET “A” (OR = 5.51, IC 95%) (2.54 - 12.87). As far as the subjects’ practices are concerned, an improvement of 6 more times of protected sexual intercourses with the PET “B” compared with the control school group (OR = 6, 52, IC 95%) (3.60 - 12.0). The process assessment records a spontaneous involvement of schools enhanced by the positive contribution of Life Education and Biology teachers;add a massive participation of adolescents who requested permanent PET program. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school sexual education programs can be improved to increase the quality of apprenticeship. The use of interactive methods and the consideration of the adolescents’ specific needs that take into account the gender approach may bring about beneficial advantages on both educational outcomes and reproductive health of adolescents.

Perceived Difficulties Regarding HIV/AIDS Services among Public Health Nurses in the Kinki Region of Western Japan: Implications for Public Health Nursing Education in Japan

Objective: To determine the perceived difficulties in providing HIV/AIDS services among public health nurses and to identify their correlates, we carried out a cross-sectional study in the Kinki region of western Japan. Methods: Structured self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all public health nurses in the region, and 1535 valid questionnaires were retrieved (valid response rate 78.7%). Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported difficulties with HIV/AIDS services. The factors associated with perceived difficulties were having a negative attitude towards consultations on sexual matters (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.2, p p = 0.002 and AOR 1.8, p p p = 0.016), and low permissiveness of the diversity of sexual behavior (AOR 2.0, p Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that nursing and public health nursing education in Japan should cover sexual issues and HIV/AIDS in a more systematic way.

An Empirical Study on Regional Differences of Higher Education Financial Aid in China

This paper uses empirical data to examine the issue of fairness of higher education student financial aid in China, noting different levels of regional economic development as the reason to explain the wide differences in available financial resources for student aid. Government efforts aimed at reducing the gap in recent years is discussed.

An effective Australian-Chinese peer education program on HIV/AIDS/STDs for university students in China

IntroductionCurrently, there are at least 850,000 people living with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in China. Among them 16-29 years old account for about 65%. According to the Chinese health authorities, if the preventive measures are not effective, the figure could reach as many as 10 million by the year 2010[1]. Since there are currently no cure or vaccines for HIV/AIDS, changing people's high-risk behaviors is the main approach that is taken to slow down the epidemic. This can be done through effective HIV/AIDS education, especially for young people. In 1997, a 4-year adolescent HIV/AIDS peer education program was introduced to in Beijing and Shanghai, which was based on a successful Australian model developed by Professor Roger Short, in which senior medical students were trained and used as peer educators to teach their junior peers about HIV/AIDS[2].……

Analysis and Suggestions on the Existing Problems of AIDS Health Education for Chinese Adolescents

AIDS is spreading faster and faster in China.Strengthening health education is an important way to prevent the spread of AIDS,and is also the main means to control the growth of AIDS population.From the current situation of health education on prevention and treatment of AIDS among adolescents,there are still many problems,which is also the main reason for the increase of AIDS infected young students year by year.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate corresponding solutions to the problems existing in the current health education on AIDS prevention and control among adolescents,so as to further improve the effectiveness of AIDS prevention and control education for adolescents,strengthen the health education for adolescents,and reduce the HIV infection rate of adolescents.

Review of AIDS Health Education and Behavioral Interventions in China

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by HIV It has been epidemic formore than 20 years, but there is no cure of it. Health educationand behavioral interventions are some of the most effectiveapproaches in the control and prevention of AIDS. China isone of the countries with the fastest growing HIVseroprevalence rate, and is facing a widespread epidemic ofAIDS. Currently, high-risk populations such as individualswith multiple sexual partners and intravenous drug users arethe main foci of health education and behavioral interventionsin China. Encouraging results have been observed in manyforms of health education and behavioral intervention. Theapplication of health education and behavioral interventionsmust emerge from scientific evidence, follow a series ofstrategies, be carried out from various perspectives, andrequire the participation of all societal communities.

STD/AIDS Education and Behavioral Intervention Among Shenzhen Female Barbers

Objective: To understand female barbers' current awareness of STD/AIDS and evaluate the effect of healtheducation and behavioral interventions. Methods: 53 barbershops in Shenzhen were selected bysampling, and their 382 female barbers were given abase-line survey and assessment of intervention followingthe intervention. Results: The survey showed that female barbersgenerally have little education and knew little aboutSTDs/AIDS. They also had some misunderstanding aboutSTDs/AIDS. Most of them knew the main transmission ofSTDs/AIDS' through sexual contact, but didn't knowwhether AIDS could be transmitted through casual contactin daily life. Their knowledge of STDs/AIDS was limited,but they had lower condom use rates and correct ideasabout when to see the doctor. Conclusion: Health education and behavioralintervention related to STD/AIDS on special populationwere effective and or good social consequence.

Implementing the First-Aid Education into the College Curriculum in China: The Efficacy Study of the First-Aid Workshop at Wenzhou-Kean University

In the event of an emergency, the timely and appropriate first-aid operations provided by non-medical personnel at the scene of accident before the arrival of medical professionals are crucial to help minimize the frequency in accidental induced deaths and injuries. Thus, it is essential to provide the effective first-aid training to the public. College students are considered to be the ideal candidates due to their excellent learning ability, maturity as well as the strong adaptability. Not as in most advanced countries, little education on the first aid is currently offered in Chinese universities especially those non-medical institutes. To determine the feasibility of introducing the first-aid education into the school curriculum, here we reported the study on the efficacy of the one-day first-aid training at Wenzhou-Kean University (WKU), an American-Chinese joint education institute. The general survey was initially conducted among all the freshman (n = 620) students at WKU to identify their interests as well as demand for the first-aid education. Along with the one-day first aid workshop which included both the lecture and the operation sessions, the pre-post study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the workshop. The first-aid knowledge and skills as well as social awareness were judged before and after the training among the participants (Pre: n = 95;Post: n = 85). Results demonstrated that more than 95% of students appreciate the importance of first-aid training in universities indicating an extremely high demand. More than 40% students prefer to have the first-aid education as part of their curriculum. It also revealed that students lack professional knowledge towards the key first-aid skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The pre-post efficacy study suggested that participants’ knowledge as well as skills have been significantly improved after the workshop. The correctness rate of objective questions for CPR was raised from 68.4% to almost 100%;For Heimlich method, the accuracy rate was elevated about 2.4 fold. We also surveyed the social awareness among the participants. The ratio of people who are willing to take a leading role in emergency rescue at the accidental site with the absence of medical professionals increased from 11.5% to 23.2%. To conclude, our study indicates that the one-day first-aid workshop not only significantly improved students’ skills and knowledge, but also raised their social awareness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement first-aid education into the curriculum of WKU and other Chinese Universities.

安徽省城市居民HIV/AIDS知识 态度及其与健康教育的关系

目的 了解城市居民艾滋病 (AIDS)知识、态度及其影响因素 ,为深入开展健康教育提供依据。方法 在3个级别的 5个城市中 ,采取连续抽样的方法 ,对 979名居民进行拦截匿名问卷调查 ,内容包括社会人口特征、艾滋病病毒 (HIV) /AIDS知识、对待HIV感染者的态度和接触艾滋病日宣传活动情况。结果 9 6 %的人基本知识得分为满分 ,11 0 %的调查对象无错误认识 ,有 2 2 9%的人对待HIV/AIDS持积极态度。流动人群、文化程度低、女性、未婚和≤ 18岁者AIDS知识薄弱 ;报纸和电视是有效的健康教育途径。结论 充分发挥报纸和电视在居民健康教育中的作用 ,提高居民AIDS知识水平。

基于论文内容分析法对中国人群AIDS认知程度的研究

目的 分析中国各类人群近几年对艾滋病 (AIDS)相关知识的认知程度。方法 以 1998～ 2 0 0 0年在国内期刊上公开发表的AIDS健康教育及认知调查文献为数据基础 ,运用内容分析方法通过数据提炼对AIDS认知程度的基本情况进行综合评价。结果 共研究 137篇 1998～ 2 0 0 0年的文献 ,人群总体认知水平为 :对“艾滋病可以通过性接触途径传播”的认知达到 85 30 %;对“蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病病毒”的正确认知仅为 44 74%;对“应同情关怀艾滋病病毒感染者 ,他们可照常工作 ,不应受歧视”的认知为 6 0 6 6 %;对“使用安全套可避孕并减少感染性病、艾滋病的危险”的认知为 6 0 78%。结论 利用层次分析法的两两比较手段 ,计算以上 4项指标在AIDS认知水平中的重要性排序。从 4项指标的综合评价结果来看 ,大中学生得分最高 ,而高危人群得分最低。 3年纵向比较结果表明 ,认知程度在逐年提高 ,但总体认知水平还较低。

在暗娼中预防AIDS综合干预研究

目的 降低暗娼感染HIV的危险性。方法 营造支持环境 ,对暗娼实施流动宣传和 10 0 %的安全套推广使用 ,提供规范的、可及的性病诊治服务 ,开展同伴教育等综合干预措施。结果 目标人群的性病艾滋病防治知识的知晓率得到了普遍的提高 ,能正确回答有关艾滋病传播途径 8个条目的人数从 7%上升到 96 % ;安全套使用率明显提高 ,与临时性伴侣最近一次性行为使用安全套的比例从 34 7%上升到 84 % ;性传播感染 (STI)的感染率从 6 1 4 %下降到 36 7% ;在目标人群中建立了一支同伴教育者队伍。

深圳市预防AIDS知识竞赛结果分析

目的 了解市民对艾滋病 (AIDS)知识的掌握情况 ,有针对性地实施预防AIDS的健康教育。方法 在《深圳晚报》上刊登试题 ,规定时间内回收问卷 ,并对全部资料进行统计分析。结果 共回收问卷 14 0 0份 ,2 0道题全部答对的 380份 ,占 2 7 1% ;参赛者中男性 80 4人 ,女性 5 96人 ;年龄最小 9岁 ,最大 77岁 ;初中文化程度组人数最多 ,其次为高中 /中专、大专、大学及以上 ,小学文化程度人数最少 ;各种职业均有参加者 ,但以职员、工人、干部、教师、服务员、学生为主 ;文化程度越高 ,答对率越高。结论 本次知识竞赛的结果有利于指导今后工作 ,有针对性地进行AIDS健康教育 ,做到有的放矢 ,事半功倍。

深圳市妇女教养人员STD/AIDS知识 态度 信念 行为调查分析

目的 了解深圳市妇女教养人员关于性传播疾病艾滋病 (STD/AIDS)的知识、态度、信念和行为现状 ,探索行之有效的健康教育和行为干预的方法。方法 对 5 5 4名妇女教养人员进行基线调查和干预后调查 ,收集并分析所获取的各项数据资料。结果 妇女教养人员以青年、初中文化、未婚为主 ,对STD/AIDS知识有一定的了解 ,大多使用安全套 ,但获取安全套不方便。