Governance and Expertise in the Teaching Profession:An Analysis of Contemporary Japanese Educational Reforms

Purpose:This article examines the Japanese teaching profession’s position on current school governance reforms in Japan and the difficulties teachers are facing as the reforms progress.Design/Approach/Methods:This article describes how a policy for developing teacher quality standards tends to suppress teacher independence while increasing the heteronomy of the teaching profession.The article discusses how Japan can meet its goal of ensuring“expertise in the teaching profession”by referring to the relationship between“professionalism”and“publicness”in the theories of occupational sociology.Findings:Expertise in the teaching profession is based on a mixture of academic and practical knowledge.The term“educational professionals”should be interpreted to include both“researchers”and“practitioners.”A sustainable governance mechanism for the Japanese teaching profession should be built on a four-way relationship among researchers,practitioners,citizens,and government administrators.Originality/Value:This study provides a critical review of a broad-reaching educational policy and proposes a new approach for restructuring the governance of the Japanese teaching profession.

Suggestions on Curriculum Reform of Food Major in the Context of Educational Reform

The food major is an application-oriented major that involves a wide range of professional knowledge and disciplines,and provides applied talents with food production,inspection,and sales skills to the society.With the rapid development of society,the demand of social employers for talents also shows a diversified trend.For the cultivation of food professionals in the new era,it is necessary to improve their innovative spirit and practical ability,in order to adapt to the diverse development needs of society.Under the background of education reform,this paper briefly analyzed the teaching strategies of food major,and put forward specific reform suggestions,hoping to promote education reform to effectively promote the sustainable development of food major,and effectively improve the quality of education.

Educational Innovation in Lying Flat Phenomenon-A Case Study of the Balinese Teaching Experience

Lying flat(Tang Ping)is a prevalent way of life in contemporary countries throughout the world.It is an avoidance behavior chosen by individuals in response to limited social resources and ongoing harsh social competition.Previous studies have demonstrated that the phenomena of“lying flat”has a major negative effect on student learning.In order to investigate the impact of educational innovation on the phenomenon of“lying flat”,we will observe students’learning behaviors under the traditional education model and innovative teaching methods in our Bali teaching practice to determine the causes of“lying flat”and the means to improve educational innovation.The study found that“lying flat”is caused not just by students’discontent with their level difference,but also by the conflict between external resources and internal pressure.In addition,educational reforms on three levels,including further stratified education,strengthening teacher education and promoting effective communication between students and teachers,and employing online resources to promote students’interest in learning,can ameliorate the phenomenon of pupils“lying flat”.This study contends that educational innovation can have a positive effect on the phenomena of“lying flat”.

On the Strengthened Strategy of School Management for the Educational Function of Young Pioneers in Primary Schools

In the new century, the reform of basic education and the objective social demand of quality education put forward newrequirements and challenges to the work of Young Pioneers. Young Pioneers are important student organizations in schools.Meaningful activities of young pioneers can organize children and adolescents. It can give full play to their enthusiasm andhighlight the leading role of young pioneers in the Young Pioneer Organization. The educational function of young pioneers inprimary schools has been restricted by various factors, resulting in a phenomenon that is not compatible with the characteristics ofthe times and students. School management is a guarantee. It is necessary to ensure the relative independent status of the YoungPioneers' self-management, and to establish and improve the Young Pioneers counselor system. The construction and managementof the Young Pioneers of the school affects the moral education of primary schools and is the key to the implementation of qualityeducation in schools. The Young Pioneers’ activity class should be adapted to the requirements of the Young Era’s work in the newera, and the educational function of the Primary Young Pioneers should be continuously strengthened.

Impact of the World's New Technological Revolution on Economic Development and Educational Reform in the Information Age

The fourth industrial revolution of human society is also known as the"world's new technological revolution,"which has brought human society into the information age and has had an extremely important impact on economic development and educational reform.In the information age,economic development and wealth creation are dominated by the acquisition,mastery,distribution,and utilization of information instead of capital.Therefore,the cultivation of talents is very important,and educational reform is imperative with the rise of the world's new technological revolution.

Impact of the World’s New Technological Revolution on Economic Development and Educational Reform in the Information Age

The fourth industrial revolution of human society is also known as the“world’s new technological revolution,”which has brought human society into the information age and has had an extremely important impact on economic development and educational reform.In the information age,economic development and wealth creation are dominated by the acquisition,mastery,distribution,and utilization of information instead of capital.Therefore,the cultivation of talents is very important,and educational reform is imperative with the rise of the world’s new technological revolution.

Ideological and Political Elements Exploration in the Course of “Physical Geography”

“Physical Geography” is a course to study human beings and the environment, revealing the basic characteristics, formation mechanism and development laws of various physical geography elements, with rich ideological and political elements and high moral value, and is an important course to cultivate geographical professional interests and enhance national pride. By fully sorting out the ideological and political resources contained in the curriculum, deeply excavating the ideological and political elements, and reasonably designing the integration, this paper analyzed the dimensions of ideological and political education in the physical geography curriculum. Taking professional knowledge as the main line, the educational elements in five aspects were refined, namely, philosophical thinking, power of a big country, patriotism, strict science, and aesthetic education. This paper established the ideological and political element system of the curriculum, and achieved the moral education of the professional curriculum moisturizing and silent effect.

Multi-Dimensional Analysis of China’s“Double Reduction” Policy

Under China’s“Double Reduction”policy,although the educational pressure has somewhat reduced,the mechanism of talent selection through examinations still exists,which means competition remains,leading to the internalization of education.This article analyzes the challenges faced by the“Double Reduction”policy from historical and current perspectives.The reasons for the internalization of education are examined and four recommendations for the further implementation of the“Double Reduction”policy are presented.

创新体制机制 促进八年制医学教育健康发展

以复旦大学八年制医学教育学位授予质量专项调研报告为基础,分析八年制教育存在的问题和面临的挑战,提出了促进八年制医学教育健康发展4个方面的改革举措:一是医教协同,制定八年制教育培养基本要求和学位授予新标准;二是体系创新,对八年制临床医学博士专业学位设置新类别;三是过程各表,探索八年制医学教育综合改革新模式,支持医学生毕业后进入临床医学博士后流动站;四是管理改革,建立招生计划弹性管理新机制,通过博士生“申请-考核制”转段入学注册学籍。

Study Weariness of Vocational College Students and Reform of the Teaching Mode in Nursing Basic Technology Course

Objective: As part of an investigation and analysis of the study weariness of nursing vocational college students, the authors attempted to reform the teaching mode of a Nursing Basic Technolo-gy course to solve the problem of study weariness in vocational college students. Methods: The authors designed student questionnaires to investigate study weariness in 128 nurs-ing vocational college students. Results: Of the 128 students, 58 were tired of study, accounting for 45. 3%; 40 students often had weariness, accounting for 31. 3%; and 71 students had moderate or severe weariness, accounting for 55. 5%. Seventy-five students played on their mobile phone when they were tired of studying. Conclusions: The study weariness of vocational college students is a common phenomenon that has been developing rapidly. There are many factors that cause study weariness of professional college students. The students believe that the traditional teaching method is the main reason for study weariness. Reform of the teaching mode in a Nursing Basic Technology course effectively solved the learning problems of vocational college students. Teaching experiments for reform may have marked effects, and they are worthy of promoting.

Returns to Education in China:1989-2011

Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data between 1989 and 2011, this paper measures the returns to education in China based on the Mincer earnings function and reaches the following findings through an analysis of the tendency of continuous variations over a long timeframe: returns to education are on the rise within the range of samples both under relative and absolute scenarios; returns to different levels of education are characterized by increasing marginal return; no significant difference exists between the returns to junior middle school and the returns to primary school education. Further discussions consider that the requirements of job positions for the overall competence of personnel, differentiated decline of corporate demand for recruitment, lack of an evaluation system in the labor market, information asymmetry in the job market, the development strategy adopted in a particular stage of history and the current slow progress of economic transition have jointly led to the underemployment of college graduates and the great enthusiasm of parents investing in higher education for their children. Conclusions of this paper not only have important practical relevance to the ongoing implementation of China's innovation-driven development strategy, but offer inspirations for the new round of educational reform as well.

Chinese medical service and medical education in urgent need of reform in the context of public welfare-based medical reform

After six years＇medical reform,about 7.8 billion person-times of medical service has been achieved by2014,and the number of persons covered by basic medical insurance for urban employees,basic medical insurance for urban residents,and new rural cooperative medical insurance exceeded 1.3 billion,of which the coverage ratio reached as high as over 95%,establishing the largest basic medical security network in the world.

The Implementation of Dewey's Pedagogical Ideas in Chinese Liberal Arts Education

It is hard for China to cultivate creative thinkers the present Chinese society needs,so the educational system has to reform.The paper analyses the dilemma in Chinese education,Dewey’s pedagogical ideas,and how Chinese educators can learn from Dewey’s ideas.Chinese higher education system and the examination system for admission to colleges and universities especially liberal arts colleges need to apply Dewey’s pedagogical ideas and reform themselves in order to conform to the whole society.

Higher Education Reform for Computer Major Students in Open and Research Environments

This paper analyzes the requirement of professional computer talents in Chinese universities,and introduces the practice in innovative educational methods taken by Shandong University in an open and research environment.In order to improve educational quality,we have carried out a serial of reforms,including "Four Experiences" aiming at diversifying study environments and fostering their adaptability and extending their vision.Students are encouraged to join "Research Assistant" program and participate in scientific projects to improve their ability in research and innovation.They also conduct "Engineering Practice" to learn latest modeling and programming skills.Compound talents characterized of solid foundation,high quality and strong practical ability are shaped through these initiatives.

On the teaching mode and the United Kingdom BTEC Higher Education Reform

In view of the internationalization of higher vocational education, through the British BTEC analysis of the characteristics of the teaching model, put forward the concept of vocational education in the education, the teaching model, an examination system reforms, such as comments and suggestions.

A Review on the Development of Chinese Graphic Design Education

The development of economy and industrialization further accelerates the pace of development of graphic design education.The educational system actively adopted two ways of“going out”and“inviting in”to communicate with the western world in graphic design(Zhang,2009).Chinese design began to re-examine its balance between globalization and localization after rapid absorption and international experience digestion.As for the negative influence,it led to the risk of developing short-sightedness in design education.Faced with unprecedented challenges,the graphic design industry was continually expanding its functions.The development of Chinese design cannot entirely rely on its own.There was no doubt that graphic design was indeed facing significant obstacles.The suggestions from the American Institute of Graphic Arts(AIGA)are set very high to achieve;the objectives will be excellent if academia can follow.A study aims to understand the overall curriculum and course design and how best to modify the general curriculum and course design to allow for industry practices changes and keep a close eye on the Chinese market's changing needs for design should be carried out.

Exploration and Practice of"Double Line and Six Coordination"Teaching Method in the Construction of New Agricultural Science Specialty

Aiming at the main problems existing in the teaching process of new agricultural science,systematic solutions are put forward:(1)creating an agriculture related professional group serving the coordinated development of large-scale operation subjects and small farmers,and fully connecting the coordinated development needs of large-scale operation subjects and small farmers;(2)carrying out all-round agricultural related professional teaching reform,so as to cultivate high-quality talents for the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development;(3)based on agriculture related professional resources,taking multiple measures to improve the social service development ability of secondary vocational schools.

Management of College Students under the Ideaof Morality Education

Morality education is not only the foundation of education, but also the foundation of life, colleges and universities should keeppace with the times, innovate the concept of education, and integrate the concept of morality education into the management andideological and political education of colleges and universities. Based on this, in order to provide data support for this study, aquestionnaire survey was adopted to sample the teachers and students of Sichuan University to understand the current situation ofthe concept of "morality education" in colleges and universities, and the importance of the concept of "morality education" in themanagement of college students and the difficulties it faces were expounded, then pertinent suggestions were put forward for thecurrent problems. Implementing the concept of "morality education" in the management of colleges and universities caneffectively improve the quality of students, and guide students to establish correct political beliefs and promote their all-rounddevelopment.

On the Normalization Path of Online Teaching of Ideological and Political Course in Colleges and Universities in the "Post Epidemic" Era

The reform of Ideological and political courses in Colleges and universities is fast and steady,but a new outbreak has brought impact and challenge to the current teaching mode of Ideological and political courses.Under the call of"No classes without stopping teaching,No classes without stopping learning",colleges and universities rely on the existing information technology means to build online teaching platform,and ideological and political teachers actively carry out online teaching by using all kinds of modern technology.Under the guidance of national policies,school logistics support and the implementation of Ideological and political teachers,the teaching order of Ideological and political courses during the epidemic prevention and control period was ensured.Although there will inevitably be some problems in the teaching process,combined with the nature of the ideological and political textbooks and the progress and quality of online teaching during the epidemic prevention and control period,this paper reflects on the problems in the online education of Ideological and political courses,puts forward the corresponding solutions,and stands that the online education of Ideological and political courses in Colleges and universities can completely turn passive into active.Therefore,it is feasible to change the online teaching of Ideological and political course from"forced"to normalization.