Scheduling an Energy-Aware Parallel Machine System with Deteriorating and Learning Effects Considering Multiple Optimization Objectives and Stochastic Processing Time

Currently,energy conservation draws wide attention in industrial manufacturing systems.In recent years,many studies have aimed at saving energy consumption in the process of manufacturing and scheduling is regarded as an effective approach.This paper puts forwards a multi-objective stochastic parallel machine scheduling problem with the consideration of deteriorating and learning effects.In it,the real processing time of jobs is calculated by using their processing speed and normal processing time.To describe this problem in a mathematical way,amultiobjective stochastic programming model aiming at realizing makespan and energy consumption minimization is formulated.Furthermore,we develop a multi-objective multi-verse optimization combined with a stochastic simulation method to deal with it.In this approach,the multi-verse optimization is adopted to find favorable solutions from the huge solution domain,while the stochastic simulation method is employed to assess them.By conducting comparison experiments on test problems,it can be verified that the developed approach has better performance in coping with the considered problem,compared to two classic multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.

Learning Effectiveness Oriented Hybrid Teaching Mode

In the course of program comprehension and analysis,we have carried out an effectiveness oriented hybrid teaching mode,and carried out the reform of student-centered teaching methods.The teaching content puts forward specific solution cases from the perspective of industrial practice.Latest literatures from top conferences are analyzed and disused in class,so as to track the state art of research and practice.Practical project is assigned to improve students’practice and innovation ability.Teaching,learning and practice are closely integrated.In each link,students are guided to carry out autonomous and inquiry learning to improve their learning effectiveness.Good learning results have been achieved.

Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the spatial learning and memory function of rats after focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Tetramethylpyrazine （TMP） presents the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, reduces arteria resistance, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves microcirculation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of TMP on the learning and memory abilities and the number of neurons in cortex and hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats DESIGN： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Human Anatomy and Histological Embryology, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. MATERIALS： Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. TMP was purchased from Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd （Lot Number： 2004051106, Specification： 2 mL/piece）. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in School of Medicine of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from June 2004 to May 2005. The 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table method： sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia control group, low-dose TMP group, middle-dose TMP group and high-dose TMP group, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the TMP groups were immediately treated with intraperitoneal injection of TMP of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg respectively, and those in the sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia control group were injected intraperitoneally by isovolume saline, once a day for 14 days successively. On the 15^th day, the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and then the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining of brain sections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The results of Morris water maze test and the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus by Nissl staining of brain sections were observed. RESULTS： Finally 39 rats were involved in the analysis of results, and the other 11 died of excessive anesthesia or failure in model establishment. ① The rats in the cerebral ischemia control group manifested obvious spatial cognitive deficits in the place navigation trial and spatial probe trial. The mean values of escape latency in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously shorter than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（23.92±2.21）, （41.84±3.74）, （39.50 ±3.80）, （31.38_±3.72）, （61.60±3.61） s, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. In the spatial probe trial, significant differences in the percentage of time spending in the former platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the former platform site in the sham-operated group, lose, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously higher or more than those in the cerebral ischemia control group [（36.27±3.42） %, （35.84±2.54）%, （38.43±3.08）%, （36.51±1.96）%, （22.24±3.46）%; （11 ±1 ）, （10±1）, （8_±1）, （8±1）, （4±1） times, P 〈 0.01]. ② In the morphological observation, the numbers of neurons in ipsilateral （left） parietal cortex in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously more than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（98±8）, （65±5）, （53±6）, （57±6）, （37±6）/0.625 mm^2, P 〈 0.01], but the number of neurons in left hippocampus had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： TMP can improve obviously the spatial learning and memory function after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and the neuroprotective role of the drug in cortex may be involved in its mechanism.

Protective Effect of Mulberry Extract against Pb-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice

Lead （Pb） is ubiquitous in the environment, and low-level Pb exposure can cause neurotoxicity and irreversible damage to children＇s cognition, learning and memory ability. Nutritional intervention is an effective method to prevent Pb poisoning. Mul- berry is rich in anthocyanins, possessing protective effects for nerves. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of mulberry extract （ME） against Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. The results showed that the learning and memory abilities of mice, assessed using the Morris test, improved significantly after treatment with ME at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The level of Pb in the brains of mice in the three ME intervention groups decreased significantly, while NO production and anti-oxidant enzymes were significantly restored. It is suggested that ME inhibits Pb-induced neurotoxicity by reversing Pb-induced alterations in the aspect of neurotoxic effects and improving learning and memory.

A Study on the improvement strategies to Effectiveness of Online Teaching and Learning in EFL Classes in College

English online learning has been common trend in the world, how to teach and learn effectively in EFL classes through online environment is an urgent study. The purpose of the study to analyze the factors of affecting the effectiveness of online teaching and learning in EFL classes in college. We build up a three-dimensional model in the perspective of teacher, learner and technology. And we propose the strategies of improving the effectiveness of online teaching and learning in EFL classes in college in the dimensions of teacher, learner and technology.

Research on Factors of Linear Algebra Learning Effect

Linear algebra has a very important application in physics and technical disciplines. This article conducted a questionnaire survey on the factors that affect the effect of linear algebra learning;the questionnaire contains several aspects of learning attitude, learning interest, learning methods, teaching methods, etc.;based on recycling data, cross chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis are used to obtain the factors that affect the effect of linear algebra learning. The research results show that: learning methods, learning attitudes, teaching methods and elementary algebra basics are the main factors that affect the learning effect of linear algebra;among them, there are positive correlations between teaching methods, learning methods, learning attitudes and learning effects;teaching methods, learning methods 3. The three principal components of learning attitude are positively correlated. Based on the research and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: finding a suitable learning method for the college students and maintaining a positive learning attitude are effective means to improve the linear algebra learning effect of the college students;in teaching, it is recommended to advance with the times, the teaching content and teaching methods innovate to stimulate students’ interest in learning, thus improving the learning effect of college students’ linear algebra courses.

Effects of melatonin on learning abilities, cholinergic fibers and nitric oxide synthase expression in rat cerebral cortex

BACKGROUND: Melatonin is a kind of hormones derived from pineal gland. Recent researches demonstrate that melatonin is characterized by anti-oxidation, anti-senility and destroying free radicals. While, effect and pathogenesis of pineal gland on learning ability should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pinealectomy on learning abiliy, distribution of cholinesterase and expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cerebral cortex of rats and probe into the effect of melatonin on learning ability, central cholinergic system and nNOS expression. DESIGN: Randomized grouping design and animal study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, the 187 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: A total of 12 male SD rats, of normal learning ability testing with Y-tape maze, of clean grade, weighing 190-210 g, aged 6 weeks, were selected in this study. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital from July 1997 to June 2000. All SD rats were divided into experimental group (n =6, pinealectomy) and control group (n =6, sham operation). Seven days later, rats in both two groups were continuously fed for 33 days. ① Learning ability test: The learning ability of rats was tested by trisection Y-type maze and figured as attempting times. ② Expression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was detected by enzyme histochemistry and nNOS was measured by SABC method. ③ Quantitative analysis of AchE fibers: AchE fibers density in unit area (surface density) was surveyed with Leica Diaplan microscope and Leica Quantimet 500+ image analytic apparatus and quantitative parameter was set up for AchE fibers covering density (μm2) per 374 693.656 μm2, moreover, the AchE fibers density was measured in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of motor and somatosensory cortex (showing three layers per field of vision at one time), in radiative, lacunaria and molecular layers of CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas, and in lamina multiforms of dentate gyrus. Three tissue slices were picked up randomly in the same part of each rat, together six tissue slices for nNOS expression and four near view (× 400) were selected in the parts of right neocortex, medial septal nucleus-diagonal band nucleus (SM-DB), corpus striatus and hippocampus to count nNOS-positive cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Learning ability; distribution and quantitative analysis of AchE fibers; expression of nNOS in various cerebral areas. RESULTS: The twelve rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Learning ability test: The learning abilities before operation in the experimental group [(14.67±4.97) times] were consistent with those in the control group [(14.33±4.32) times, P > 0.05], the learning abilities in the experimental group at 40 days after pinealectomy [(28.67±2.42) times] were obviously more than those before pinealectomy and those in the control group after operation [(13.83±8.33) times, P < 0.01]. ② Results of AchE-positive fibers density in cerebral cortex of rats: The AChE-positive fibers densities in motor and somatosensory cortex, CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas of hippocampus and in lamina multiforms of dentate gyrus in the experimental group were obviously lower than those in the control group [experimental group: (15 244±1 339), (14 764±1 391), (12 991±970), (15 077±1 020), (19 546±1 489), (19 337±1 378) μm2; control group: (21 001±1 021), (17 930±2 225), (17 260±1 342), (18 911±1 048), (24 108±1 671), (22 917±1 909) μm2, P < 0.01]. ③ Expression of nNOS in various cerebral areas: nNOS-positive cells in cerebral cortex of rats of the experimental group were more, furthermore the ones in somatosensory cortex were slightly more in motor cortex and the number (5.90±0.68) was more than that in the control group (3.68±0.39,P < 0.05). The nNOS-positive cells in SM-DB (16.21±2.03) were markedly more than those in the control group (9.32±1.05,P < 0.01). The nNOS-positive cells in hippocampus (4.27±0.75) and in corpus striatus (9.35±2.58) were not different with those in the control group (3.94±0.53, 8.96±2.31, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Decrease of melatonin due to pinealectomy of rats can result in learning disorder, which may be related to trauma of cholinergic neuron in cerebral cortex which were caused by nitric oxide neurotoxicity arose from the overexpression of nNOS in cerebral neocortex and SM-DB.

Learning Effect and Productivity Convergence of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

The main purpose of this paper is to test the production efficiency of different Chinese property industrial enterprises.Based on the large sample panel data of industrial enterprises of the National Bureau of Statistics,we found that although the production efficiency of China-funded enterprises is generally weaker than foreign-funded enterprises,some China-funded enterprises have better learning ability.On the one hand,dynamic analysis found that private enterprises have significant learning ability.On the other hand,the results of convergence analysis show that China’s private enterprises have the potential to gradually catch up with the frontier level of world production efficiency and have better learning ability to catch up potential.And state-owned enterprises tend to be more efficient at the beginning of their establishment,but their productivity is fairly slow to improve,especially for state-owned enterprises with high efficiency sub-samples,so that it’s hard for them to continue improving their efficiency.Institutional analysis found that the marketization process helped the China enterprises to improve their learning ability and China should continue to strengthen the reform of property rights and promote the marketization process.

Effects of ginsenoside of stem and leaf combined with choline on learning and memory ability of rat models with Alzheimer diseases

BACKGROUND： Central adrenergic nerve and 5-serotonergic nerve can influence central cholinergic nerve on learning and memory and make easy for study; however, ginsenoside of stem and leaf （GSL） can improve functions of central adrenergic nerve; moreover, 5-serotonergic nerve and the combination with choline can produce synergistic effect and enhance learning and memory ability so as to improve learning and memory disorder of patients with Alzheimer disease （AD）. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the effects of GSL combining with choline on learning and memory of AD model rats DESIGN ： Randomized grouping design and controlled animal study SETIING ： Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical College MATERIALS ： The experiment was carried out in the Pharmacological Department of Medical College of Jilin University from October 1996 to January 1997. Forty healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade were randomly divided into 5 groups, including sham-injury group, model group, GSL group, choline group and combination group, with 8 rats in each group. Main medications： GSL with the volume more than 92.8% was provided by Department of Chemistry, Norman Bethune Medical College of Jilin University. Panaxatriol, the main component, was detected with thin layer scanning technique and regarded as the index of GSL quality [（55±1）%, CV= 2%, n = 5]. Choline was provided by the Third Shanghai Laboratory Factory. METHODS ： 150 nmol quinolinic acid was used to damage bilateral Meynert basal nuclei of adult rats so as to establish AD models. Rats in GSL, choline and combination groups were intragastric administrated with 400 mg/kg GSL, 200 mg/kg choline （20 mL/kg）, and both respectively last for 17 days starting from two days before operation. Rats in sham-injury group and model group were perfused with the same volume of distilled water once in each morning for the same days. （1） Passive avoidance step-down test： Five minutes later, rats jumped up safe platform when they were shocked with 36 V alternating current. If rats jumped down from the platform and the feet touched railings, the response was wrong. Numbers of wrong response were recorded within 3 minutes, and then the test was redone after 24 hours. （2） Morris water-maze spatial localization task： Swimming from jumping-off to platform directly was regarded as right response. Additionally, 4 successively right responses were regarded as the standard. Each rat was trained 10 times a day with 120 s per time for 3 successive days. The interval was 30 s. Three days later, numbers of right response were recorded. The training times were increased to 30 for unlearned rats. （3） Measurement of activity of choline acetylase in cerebral cortex： Rats were sacrificed at 17 days after operation to obtain cerebral cortex to measure activity of choline acetylase with radiochemistry technique. （4） Synergistic effect： It was expressed as Q value： Q value = factual incorporative effect/anticipant incorporative effect; Q ≥ 1 was regarded as synergistic effect. Anticipant incorporative effect = （EA＋EB-EA·EB）, EA and EB were single timing effect, respectively in GSL group and choline group. E（step-down test and Morris water maze test） = （x in model group - factual value in medicine groups）/x in model group; E （activity of choline acetylase） = （factual value in medicine groups -xin model group）/xin model group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： （1） Passive avoidance step-down test and Morris water-maze spatial localization task in the study of learning and memory; （2） activity of choline acetylase. RESULTS ： All 40 rats were involved in the final analysis. （1） Passive avoidance response： At learning phase on first day and retesting phase on the next day, numbers of wrong responses within 3 minutes were more in model group than sham operation group, and there was significant difference [（5.88±1.46）, （2.25±0.87） times; （2.63±1.06）, （0.50±0.53） times; P 〈 0.01]; numbers of wrong responses within 3 minutes were less in combination group than model group, and there was significant difference [learning phase： （1.12±0.83）, （5.88±1.46） times; retesting phase： （0.38±0.74）, （2.63±1.06）times, P 〈 0.01]; moreover, effect was stronger than that in GSL group and choline group. The Q value was 1.07 and 1.59, respectively and it showed synergistic effect. Spatial localization task： Training times were more in model group than sham operation group, and there was significant difference [（2.9±2.5）, （12.6±3.5） times; P 〈 0.01]. Training times were less in combination group than model group, and there was significant difference [（11.8±2.4）, （27.9±2.5） times, P 〈 0.01]; moreover, effect was stronger than that in GSL group and choline group. The Q value was 1.07 and it showed synergistic effect. （3） Activity of choline acetylase： Activity was lower in model group than sham operation group, and there was significant difference [（30.56±8.33）, （61.11 ±8.33） nkat/g; P 〈 0.01]. Activity was higher in combination group than model group and there was significant difference [（50.00±8.33）, （30.56±8.33） nkat/g, P 〈 0.01];moreover, effect was stronger than that in GSL group and choline group. The Q value was 1.5 and it showed synergistic effect. CONCLUSZON： GSL in combination with choline can synergically improve the disorder of learning and memory of AD model rats. Its mechanism may be involved in enhancing the function of central cholinergic system.

The effect of scaffolding instruction on learning among nursing students in China:a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influence of scaffolding instruction on the learning effect of nursing students in China.Methods:Through the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science,the randomized controlled trials of scaffolding instruction in nursing field were collected from the establishment of the databases to the publication in March 2022.After literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 software.Results:Nineteen articles were included,with a total of 2,340 nursing students.Meta-analysis results showed that,compared with the traditional teaching method,the scaffolding instruction was significantly better in nursing students’theoretical examination scores(SMD=1.37,95%CI:1.00 to 1.75,P<0.001),operation skill scores(SMD=1.83,95%CI:1.23 to 2.42,P<0.001),communication ability(SMD=1.51,95%CI:0.70 to 2.32,P=0.0003)and teaching satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:Scaffolding instruction can improve the theoretical and operational scores of nursing students,and it also has a positive impact on communication ability and teaching satisfaction.This teaching method deserves to be applied and promoted in the field of nursing education.

The impact of just-in-time teaching model on nursing students'learning in the background of"Internet+":a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the impact of just-in-time teaching methods on nursing students’learning outcomes.Methods:Through the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science,the randomized controlled trials of just-in-time teaching in nursing field were collected from the establishment of the databases to the publication in November 2022.After literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 software.Results:Twenty articles were included,with a total of 1,865 nursing students.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the traditional teaching method,the just-in-time teaching method had statistically significant differences in nursing students’theoretical examination scores(standardized mean difference(SMD)=1.26,95%confidence interval(CI):1.03 to 1.48,P<0.001),operational skills scores(SMD=1.56,95%CI:1.21 to 1.90,P<0.001),self-learning ability(SMD=0.76,95%CI:0.61 to 0.91,P<0.001)and just-in-time teaching method satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:The just-in-time teaching method combines the advantages of traditional teaching and networked teaching,improves nursing students’theoretical performance,skill operation level and teaching satisfaction,and cultivates nursing students’self-learning ability.

Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nerve growth factor on spatial learning and memory abilities of rats following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth actor (NGF) cam improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; however, the effect of combination of them on relieving learning and memory injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exogenous CGRP and NGF on learning and memory abilities of rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Xiamen; Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 30 healthy male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, of clean grade, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by Experimental Animal Department of China Medical University. All rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group with 10 in each group. The main reagents were detailed as the follows: 100 g/L chloral hydrate, 0.5 mL CGRP (2 mg/L, Sigma Company, USA), and NGF (1× 106 U/L, 0.5 mL, Siweite Company, Dalian). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University from February to July 2005. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established by method of occlusion, 2 hours after that rats were anesthetized and the thread was slightly drawn out for 10 mm under direct staring to perform reperfusion. Rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group received intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL saline via the abdomen at two hours later, while rats in the treatment group at 2 hours later received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/L CGRP (0.5 mL) and 1×106 U/L NGF (0.5 mL) once a day for 10 successive days. First administration was accomplished within 15 minutes after ischemia/reperfusion. Rats in the sham-operation group were separated of the vessels without occlusion or administration. The neural function was evaluated with Zea Longa 5-grade scale. Animals with the score of one, two and three points received Morris water-maze test to measure searching time on platform (omitting platform-escaping latency). Meanwhile, leaning and memory abilities of animals were reflected through testing times of passing through platform per minute. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experimental results of omitting platform-escaping latency and spatial probe. RESULTS: Three and two rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group respectively were not in accordance with the criteria in the process, and the rest were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparisons of platform-escaping latency during Morris water-maze test in all the three groups: Ten days after modeling, the platform-escaping latency in the ischemia/reperfusion group was obviously longer than that in sham-operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly shorter than that in the treatment group (P < 0.01). ② Comparisons of times of passing through platform in all the three groups: Times of passing through platform were remarkably less in the ischemia/reperfusion group than those in the sham-operation group [(1.79±0.39), (4.30±0.73) times/minute, P < 0.01], and those were markedly more in the treatment group than the ischemia/reperfusion group [(3.16±1.03), (1.79±0.39) times/minute, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: CGRP and NGF are capable of ameliorating the abilities of spatial learning and memory in MCAO rats, which indicates that CGRP and NGF can protect ischemic neurons.

Stock transferability,the managerial learning effect and corporate innovation

This paper considers stock halts to study the impact of stock liquidity loss on the managerial learning effect based on stock prices.We examine stock halts’impact on corporate innovation and find that discretionary halts hinder innovation.We also find that discretionary halts reduce information quality and increase financial constraints and agent costs.Cross-sectional tests show that this negative impact is more pronounced in samples with high shareholding ratios by large shareholders,institutional investors and private firms.The results indicate that the loss of non-institutional stock trading rights,represented by discretionary stock halts,affects revelatory price efficiency in the secondary market,hinders managers’learning effect and affects enterprises’production and operation decisions.These findings have policy implications for stock circulation-right protection and Chinese capital-market reform.

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Online Synchronous Instruction in the Framework of Community of Inquiry

The objective of this case study is to compare the satisfaction of online educational experience with traditional one from the perspective of Community of Inquiry theory.It compares the teaching effects of this online instruction with traditional class through cognitive presence,social presence and teaching presence which are 3 influencers in deciding the quality of distance learning and teaching.A survey to 40 undergraduates and 45 graduates and 28 teachers were conducted for this purpose.The key finding of the research is that the online teaching model is comparatively functional and efficient for both students and teachers comparing with traditional classes.Cognitive presence is more prominent among 2 student cohort and social presence varies among undergraduates and graduates.The teacher’s response in the three presences are a bit more pessimistic than that of two groups of students.This result would bring some implications for future online synchronous learning and teaching and blended instruction.

The Learning Effectiveness of Smart Classrooms:A Meta-Analysis of 48 Empirical Studies

As an important teaching method in the era of education informatization 2.0,the smart classroom has become a hot topic in terms of whether it can really improve students’learning effectiveness.Many scholars have carried out empirical studies in this field,but the conclusions are not the same.By the use of meta-analysis,this study quantitatively analyzes 48 experimental and quasi-experimental studies in China and other countries to explore the smart classroom’s effect and influencing factors.The results show that,on the whole,the smart classroom has a better-than-average promotion effect on students’learning effectiveness;from the perspective of moderating variables,the learning outcome of smart classrooms is influenced by the factors of learning stage,knowledge type,teaching cycle,class scale,and equipment condition,but is not moderated by the factors of subject,teaching strategy,and evaluation tool.Specifically,smart classrooms can become a suitable partner for large-class teaching,short-term courses,and experimental courses.However,the misuse of technology and equipment should be avoided in the application process.

THE EFFECT OF WORKER LEARNING ON SCHEDULING JOBS IN A HYBRID FLOW SHOP： A BI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH

This paper studies learning effect as a resource utilization technique that can model improvement in worker＇s ability as a result of repeating similar tasks. By considering learning of workers while performing setup times, a schedule can be determined to place jobs that share similar tools and fixtures next to each other. The purpose of this paper is to schedule a set of jobs in a hybrid flow shop （HFS） environment with learning effect while minimizing two objectives that are in conflict： namely maximum completion time （makespan） and total tardiness. Minimizing makespan is desirable from an internal efficiency viewpoint, but may result in individual jobs being scheduled past their due date, causing customer dissatisfaction and penalty costs. A bi-objective mixed integer programming model is developed, and the complexity of the developed bi-objective model is compared against the bi-criteria one through numerical examples. The effect of worker learning on the structure of assigned jobs to machines and their sequences is analyzed. Two solution methods based on the hybrid water flow like algorithm and non-dominated sorting and ranking concepts are proposed to solve the problem. The quality of the approximated sets of Pareto solutions is evaluated using several performance criteria. The results show that the proposed algorithms with learning effect perform well in reducing setup times and eliminate the need for setups itself through proper scheduling.

Multi-item EPQ model with learning effect on imperfect production over fuzzy-random planning horizon

Uncertainty is certain in the world of uncertainty.This study revisits an economic production quantity(EPQ)model with shortages for stock-dependent demand of the items with reworking and disposing of the imperfect ones over a random planning horizon under the joint effect of inflation and time value of money,where the expected time length is imprecise in nature.Transmission of learning effect has been incorporated to reduce the defective production.The total expected profit over the random planning horizon is maximized subject to the imprecise space constraint.The possibility,necessity and credibility measures have been introduced to defuzzify the model.The simulation-based genetic algorithm is used to make decision for the above EPQ model in different measures of uncertainty.The model is illustrated through an example.Sensitivity analysis shows the impacts of different parameters on the objective function in the model.

Seru Scheduling Problems with Multiple Due-Windows Assignment and Learning Effect

This paper deals with seru scheduling problems with multiple due windows assignment and DeJong’s learning effect.Specific time intervals are assigned to jobs with multiple due windows and learning effect is introduced to characterize the decrease of processing times with the accumulation of the working experience.We assume that the set of jobs assigned to each due window is independent,and no inclusion exists between due windows.The objective is to determine the optimal due window positions and sizes,the set of jobs assigned to each due window,and the optimal schedule in each seru to minimize a multidimensional function,which consists of the earliness and tardiness punishment cost,as well as the due window related starting time and size cost.We find that when the number of jobs and the due windows assigned to each seru are pre-specified in advance,the problem can be solved in polynomial time.Meanwhile,the impacts of the due-window allocation strategy and learning effect on the total cost are respectively discussed based on numerical examples and special cases.The results show that if each seru is assigned with the same number of due windows,the total cost can be reduced with the increasing ratio of the due-window number to the to-be-processed job number.Furthermore,with an increasing learning effect,the total cost will be decreased.

Design Knowledge and Software Engineering

This paper points out various relationships between Design Knowledge and Software Engineering. After introduction of human design, the relationships between industrial Software Engineering is discussed, then further details of human design knowledge are revealed with discussions on humanistic aspects of design.

SCHEDULING JOBS WITH GENERAL LEARNING FUNCTIONS

This paper deals with single-machine scheduling problems with a more general learning effect based on sum-of-processing-time. In this study, sum-of-processing-time-based learning effect means that the processing time of a job is defined by a decreasing function of the total normal processing time of jobs that come before it in the sequence. Results show that even with the introduction of the sum-of-processing-time-based learning effect to job processing times, single-machine makespan minimization problems remain polynomially solvable. The curves of the optimal schedule of a total completion time minimization problem are V-shaped with respect to iob normal orocessinz times.