In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the develo...In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the developmental threshold temperature （C1） and effective accumulated temperature （K） of S. bifasciatus were determined under conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that under constant temperatures the value of C1 has a range of 8.90±1.77℃and the value of K lies between 95.19±13.14 degree-day for eggs; the values for larvae are C1= 13.26±3.06℃ and the number of degree-day is K 2,885.07±187.87 degree-day; for pupae the ranges are C1 = 8.93±2.49℃ and K= 131.20±25.63 degree-day. Under the condition of ambient temperatures, the values for eggs are C1= 17.33±1.24℃ and K= 70.79±8.99 degree-day. It is suggested that S. bifasciatus adults over-winter in a state of dormancy, not at a diapause. Warm winter may accelerate the life cycle ofS. bifasciatus. Equations can be used to predict an early occurrence ofS. bifasciatus.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laborator...[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laboratory to study developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of P. brevitarsis. [ Result] The developmental durations of various states of P. brevitarsis were shortened with the increasing temperature ranged from 21 ℃ to 36 ℃ ; the developmental rates were accelerated with the increasing temperature. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, larva, pupa and pre-ovipesition of adult were estimated to be 12.79, 9.15, 14.86 and 13.80 ℃, respectively; the effective accumulated temperature were 136.25, 3 031.31,308.92 and 98.35 d · ℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature and effective amcumulated temperature for one complete generation were 9.96 ℃ and 3 628.73 d · ℃, re- spectively. Combined with meteorological data, the theoretical generation number of P. brevitarsis occurred in Shihezi was presumed to be one per year, which was basically coincided with actual occurrence generations in fields. [ Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for effective control against P. brevitarsis.展开更多
In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effe...In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.展开更多
The armyworm Mythimna roseilinea（Walker） is a major pest of grain crops in South China. So far little is known about its basic biology and ecology, making prediction of population dynamics difficult. This study exam...The armyworm Mythimna roseilinea（Walker） is a major pest of grain crops in South China. So far little is known about its basic biology and ecology, making prediction of population dynamics difficult. This study examined the relationships of individual development and population growth with temperature based on an age-stage, two-sex life table of M. roseilinea reared on maize in the laboratory at 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30℃. The highest values of net reproductive rate（R_0） and fecundity were observed at 21 and 24℃, respectively. Both the intrinsic rate of increase（r） and finite rate of increase（λ） increased significantly and mean generation time（T） decreased significantly with increasing temperature. M. roseilinea was able to develop, survive and lay eggs at all temperature regimes tested. Development rates of the egg, larval, pupal, as well as the whole pre-oviposition stages had a positive linear relationship with temperature. The calculated development threshold temperatures of egg, larval, pupal, pre-oviposition and total pre-oviposition stages were 13.29, 8.39, 14.35, 7.42, and 12.24℃, respectively, and their effective accumulated temperatures were 63.59, 445.00, 211.11, 89.02, and 698.95 degree-days, respectively. These results provide insight into temperature-based phenology and population ecology of this insect pest and will allow population prediction and management available in the field.展开更多
The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shun...The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.展开更多
为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、...为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0和12.5 kg hm^(-2),用R1~R5表示)单因素试验,考察生育期、成苗动态、农艺性状、产量和倒伏指标,统计有效积温,通过线性回归和平滑曲线拟合分析,优化播种期和播种量的配置参数,为迟播油菜生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,(1)播种期推迟,迟播油菜的生育期缩短、根颈粗降低、分枝数减少、产量降低且茎秆倒伏指数增加;4个生育期中,苗期和花期有效积温与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)播种量增加,各生育期成苗数和收获密度提高,但生育期缩短、有效积温减少,角果层厚度降低、倒伏指数先降后增、产量呈先增后降趋势。(3)2年不同播种期产量数据回归分析表明,播种期推迟至S3~S4时,越冬前有效积温保持在317.1℃以上,苗期有效积温达401.1℃,终花35 d收获产量可达2700.0 kg hm^(-2),倒伏指数为1.5左右;2年不同播种量产量数据平滑曲线拟合分析表明,不同播种量下收获密度与产量呈抛物线关系,收获密度为64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2)时终花35 d收获产量达峰值,为2948.5 kg hm^(-2),而倒伏指数为1.6。综上,配置7.5~10.0 kg hm^(-2)的播种量确保收获密度达64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2),抢时播种确保冬前有效积温达317.1℃,可显著提高迟播油菜产量与抗倒性。展开更多
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the developmental threshold temperature （C1） and effective accumulated temperature （K） of S. bifasciatus were determined under conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that under constant temperatures the value of C1 has a range of 8.90±1.77℃and the value of K lies between 95.19±13.14 degree-day for eggs; the values for larvae are C1= 13.26±3.06℃ and the number of degree-day is K 2,885.07±187.87 degree-day; for pupae the ranges are C1 = 8.93±2.49℃ and K= 131.20±25.63 degree-day. Under the condition of ambient temperatures, the values for eggs are C1= 17.33±1.24℃ and K= 70.79±8.99 degree-day. It is suggested that S. bifasciatus adults over-winter in a state of dormancy, not at a diapause. Warm winter may accelerate the life cycle ofS. bifasciatus. Equations can be used to predict an early occurrence ofS. bifasciatus.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360452)&National Natural Science Foundation of China(41161068)Guide Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science(YYD2009-3)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laboratory to study developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of P. brevitarsis. [ Result] The developmental durations of various states of P. brevitarsis were shortened with the increasing temperature ranged from 21 ℃ to 36 ℃ ; the developmental rates were accelerated with the increasing temperature. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, larva, pupa and pre-ovipesition of adult were estimated to be 12.79, 9.15, 14.86 and 13.80 ℃, respectively; the effective accumulated temperature were 136.25, 3 031.31,308.92 and 98.35 d · ℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature and effective amcumulated temperature for one complete generation were 9.96 ℃ and 3 628.73 d · ℃, re- spectively. Combined with meteorological data, the theoretical generation number of P. brevitarsis occurred in Shihezi was presumed to be one per year, which was basically coincided with actual occurrence generations in fields. [ Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for effective control against P. brevitarsis.
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.
基金funded by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201403031)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-22)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201802, 2017YFD0201701)he National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672019, 31371947)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (6172030)
文摘The armyworm Mythimna roseilinea（Walker） is a major pest of grain crops in South China. So far little is known about its basic biology and ecology, making prediction of population dynamics difficult. This study examined the relationships of individual development and population growth with temperature based on an age-stage, two-sex life table of M. roseilinea reared on maize in the laboratory at 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30℃. The highest values of net reproductive rate（R_0） and fecundity were observed at 21 and 24℃, respectively. Both the intrinsic rate of increase（r） and finite rate of increase（λ） increased significantly and mean generation time（T） decreased significantly with increasing temperature. M. roseilinea was able to develop, survive and lay eggs at all temperature regimes tested. Development rates of the egg, larval, pupal, as well as the whole pre-oviposition stages had a positive linear relationship with temperature. The calculated development threshold temperatures of egg, larval, pupal, pre-oviposition and total pre-oviposition stages were 13.29, 8.39, 14.35, 7.42, and 12.24℃, respectively, and their effective accumulated temperatures were 63.59, 445.00, 211.11, 89.02, and 698.95 degree-days, respectively. These results provide insight into temperature-based phenology and population ecology of this insect pest and will allow population prediction and management available in the field.
文摘The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.
文摘为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0和12.5 kg hm^(-2),用R1~R5表示)单因素试验,考察生育期、成苗动态、农艺性状、产量和倒伏指标,统计有效积温,通过线性回归和平滑曲线拟合分析,优化播种期和播种量的配置参数,为迟播油菜生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,(1)播种期推迟,迟播油菜的生育期缩短、根颈粗降低、分枝数减少、产量降低且茎秆倒伏指数增加;4个生育期中,苗期和花期有效积温与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)播种量增加,各生育期成苗数和收获密度提高,但生育期缩短、有效积温减少,角果层厚度降低、倒伏指数先降后增、产量呈先增后降趋势。(3)2年不同播种期产量数据回归分析表明,播种期推迟至S3~S4时,越冬前有效积温保持在317.1℃以上,苗期有效积温达401.1℃,终花35 d收获产量可达2700.0 kg hm^(-2),倒伏指数为1.5左右;2年不同播种量产量数据平滑曲线拟合分析表明,不同播种量下收获密度与产量呈抛物线关系,收获密度为64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2)时终花35 d收获产量达峰值,为2948.5 kg hm^(-2),而倒伏指数为1.6。综上,配置7.5~10.0 kg hm^(-2)的播种量确保收获密度达64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2),抢时播种确保冬前有效积温达317.1℃,可显著提高迟播油菜产量与抗倒性。
