BACKGROUND: Researches prove that the treatment of cerebral palsy by botulinus toxin (BTX-A) can improve effect and prolong effective duration. Current intensity is the important factor during injection. OBJECTIVE...BACKGROUND: Researches prove that the treatment of cerebral palsy by botulinus toxin (BTX-A) can improve effect and prolong effective duration. Current intensity is the important factor during injection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of motor function and muscular intensity of children with spastic cerebral palsy after injecting BTX-A and analyze correlation between current intensity and effective duration. DESIGN: Cases control trial before and after nerves block SETTING: Capital University of Medical Sciences, China Rehabilitation Research Center PARTICIPANTS: From June 2002 to November 2004, 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy were treated by BTX-A block. All children were hospitalized in the Children Rehabilitation Department of China Rehabilitation Research Center. The children included 9 male and 5 female, and ranged from 4 to 13 years old, and average age was (6±2) years. Muscular tension ranged from grade 1 to grade 3. The diagnosis and the tape of cerebral palsy based on standard of the Fist Nationwide Cerebral Palsy Symposium, and all children were diagnosed with electroencephalogram (EEG), CT and MRI, and permitted by their guardians. METHODS: (1) Locating and calculation: To locate block points by G6805-2A electro-therapeutic apparatus (Shanghai Huayi Electronic Instrument Plant) at the least stimulating current (continuous wave; impulse frequency; 2.667-83.333 Hz; current intensity: 0-6 mA; voltage: 6 V) to touch off muscles contraction. The current intensity of each point was recorded, and the average current intensity of each patient was calculated at the same time. (2) Dose of BTX-A: Basing upon the spastic degree and weight of patients, the dose was made certain: dose (IU)=(scores of Modified Ashworth Scale +2.5) xweight (kg). The number of the block points was in all 4. The dose of injection ranged from 50 IU to 160 IU with the average of (73.6+25.8) IU. The BTX-A was made by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, and each bottle contains 100 IU BTX-A. Muscular tension was evaluated by Modified Ashworth Scale. The scale ranged from grade 0 to grade 4, and the scores were from 0 to 4. The higher the scores were, the higher the muscular tension was. (3) Effect: Changes of muscular tension were evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale before and after block. Motor function was evaluated by Physician Rating Scale (PRS) before and after treatment. It contained Gait pattern, Hindfoot (ankle) position (stance-floor contact), Hindfoot position (foot strike), Knee position (degree of recurvation), Crouch and Speed of gait. The scores ranged from 0 to 14. The higher the points were, the better the motor function was. (4) Effective duration: The duration was definited by the recovering of the Modified Ashworth Scale. (5) Statistic analysis: Firstly, the current intensity and the effect duration were analyzed by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, the current intensity: Z= 0.456, P= 0.985, the effective duration: Z= 0.557, P= 0.915. Both data were normal distribution. Secondly, both data were analyzed by Linear Regression. The efficiency of the BTX-A block was analyzed by paired-samples t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Changes of motor function of muscular tension; (2) correlation between current intensity and effective duration. RESULTS: Fourteen children with spastic cerebral palsy were all involved in the final analysis. (1) Therapeutic effect: The average score of Ashworth scale after block was lower than that before block [(1.02±0.34) points vs. (2.12±0.48) points, t= 3.644, P〈 0.01]. The average score of RPS after block was higherthan that before block [(9.75±2.78) points vs. (6.16±0.58) points, t =13.222, P〈 0.01]. (2) Relation between the current intensity and the effective duration: The current intensity was (0.1857±0.0506) mA, and the effective duration was (26.36±4.48) weeks. The current intensity was negative correlation with effective duration (r = -0.775, P = 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: (1) BTX-A occlusion can decrease muscular tension and improve motor function of lower limbs of children with spastic cerebral palsy. (2) The lower the current intensity is, the longer the effective duration is.展开更多
Based on data of monthly sunshine duration in Shouguang City during 1961-2013,changing features of sunshine duration and effects on greenhouse production in Shouguang City were analyzed by using linear tendency method...Based on data of monthly sunshine duration in Shouguang City during 1961-2013,changing features of sunshine duration and effects on greenhouse production in Shouguang City were analyzed by using linear tendency method,M-K mutation test and Molet wavelet analysis. The results show that in Shouguang City,sunshine duration in a year and each season reduced obviously from 1961 to 2013,and sunshine duration in a year and autumn changed suddenly in the 1990s,while sunshine duration in winter and spring changed suddenly in the 1980s. There existed obvious periodic variations of sunshine duration in a year and various seasons from 1961 to 2013. The reduction of sunshine duration and the increase of cloudy days resulted in the decrease in the yield of crops in solar greenhouses,so some effective measures should be taken to enhance the light intensity and time in solar greenhouses to promote crop growth.展开更多
Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross be...Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the epistatic effects explained a small proportion of phenotypic variation. No interactions were detected between additive QTL and environment, and between epistatic QTL pairs and environment. After growth duration was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.71. When effective panicle number per plant was adjusted to an identical level, RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 4.64. After plant height was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.62, and RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 3.89. These applicable elite alleles could be used to improve target traits without influencing the other two traits.展开更多
Duration models are one of the important parameters in ground-motion simulations.This model varies in different study areas,and plays a critical role in nonlinear structural response analysis.Currently,available empir...Duration models are one of the important parameters in ground-motion simulations.This model varies in different study areas,and plays a critical role in nonlinear structural response analysis.Currently,available empirical models are being globally used in ground-motion simulations,with limited research focusing on path duration in specific regions.In this study,we collected 6,486 sets of three-component strong-motion records from 29 K-NET stations in the Sagami Bay,Japan,and its surrounding areas between January 2000 to October 2018.We extracted the effective duration of 386 pieces of ground-motion records by manually picking up the S-wave arrival time and calculating the significant duration.We then obtained the path duration model of the study area based on the empirical equation of dynamic corner frequency and source duration of Boore(2009).Compared with the results of the available empirical models,the Fourier spectrum of the simulated ground motion from our effective duration model showed higher accuracy in the long-term range,with less fitting residuals.This path duration model was then applied to simulate two earthquakes of M_(W)5.4 and M_(W)6.2,respectively,in the region using the stochastic finite-fault method with a set of reliable source,path,and site parameters determined for the study area.The simulation results of most stations fit well with observation records in the 0-30 Hz frequency band.For the M_(W)5.4 earthquake,the simulated ground motions at KNG005/KNG010/SZO008 stations were relatively weak in the mid to high frequency band(1-30 Hz)because the quality factor and geometric diffusion model used in the simulation were the averages of the entire Sagami Bay region,causing a bias in the results of a few stations owing to local crustal velocity anomalies and topographic effects.For the M_(W)6.2 earthquake,the simulated ground motions were relatively weak at all SZO and TKY stations,mainly because of the close distance from these stations to the epicenter and the complex seismic-wave propagation paths.The analysis suggests that the differences between the simulation results of the two earthquakes were mainly related to complex geological conditions and seismic-wave propagation paths.展开更多
Objective:To observe whether the Ear Well infant ear correction system makes any difference in terms of the treatment effect,duration,complication rate,and nursing care requirements in different types of infant auricl...Objective:To observe whether the Ear Well infant ear correction system makes any difference in terms of the treatment effect,duration,complication rate,and nursing care requirements in different types of infant auricle deformities.Methods:A total of 93 infant patients with auricular deformity(age:<3 months of age)who were diagnosed and treated in Guangzhou Children and Women’s Medical Center from April 2018 to September 2020 were selected and treated with the Ear Well infant ear correction system.We observed and recorded the effects of the Ear Well infant ear correction system,the treatment duration,the number of rebound cases,and complications that are likely to occur during treatment,and noted the related factors causing complications and the relative requirements for nursing care.Results:The Earwell infant ear correction system could effectively correct infant auricle deformities.Among the 93 cases,90 cases had positive therapeutical outcome and the effective rate was 96.77%.The treatment duration for lop ear and protruding ear was longer than for other auricle deformities;the deformity recoil and the treatment compilation rates were much higher for these 2 deformity types,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The treatment suggestion for the wearing duration of the Ear Well infant ear correction system for lop ear and protruding ear is a prolonged duration compared with that for other infant auricle deformities.Fur ther,the requirements for nursing care intensity and infant patient’s guardian’s nursing knowledge and skill are obviously increased for these 2 types of auricle deformities.展开更多
Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on ...Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio(V/A).However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized.展开更多
Looking at all the indeterminate factors as a whole and regarding activity durations as independent random variables, the traditional stochastic network planning models ignore the inevitable relationship and dependenc...Looking at all the indeterminate factors as a whole and regarding activity durations as independent random variables, the traditional stochastic network planning models ignore the inevitable relationship and dependence among activity durations when more than one activity is possibly affected by the same indeterminate factors. On this basis of analysis of indeterminate effect factors of durations, the effect factors-based stochastic network planning (EFBSNP) model is proposed, which emphasizes on the effects of not only logistic and organizational relationships, but also the dependent relationships, due to indeterminate factors among activity durations on the project period. By virtue of indeterminate factor analysis the model extracts and describes the quantitatively indeterminate effect factors, and then takes into account the indeterminate factors effect schedule by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The method is flexible enough to deal with effect factors and is coincident with practice. A software has been developed to simplify the model-based calculation, in VisualStudio.NET language. Finally, a case study is included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and comparison is made with some advantages over the existing models.展开更多
Sixty-three patients with small airway obstruction were randomly divided into 3 groups treaded by acupuncture of 20 min, 40 min and 60 min. After acupuncture treatment, the function of the small airway in all patients...Sixty-three patients with small airway obstruction were randomly divided into 3 groups treaded by acupuncture of 20 min, 40 min and 60 min. After acupuncture treatment, the function of the small airway in all patients of the three groups improved significantly(P<0.001). Comparison in of multiple indexes among the three groups showed that the therapeutic effects of the 40 min-and 60 min-groups were distinctly superior to that of the 20 min-group (P < 0.005), while that of the 40 min- and 60 min-groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). It reveals that acupuncture can regulate the function of small airway of the lung and the therapeutic effect is relevant to the needling duration.展开更多
Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was i...Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was isolated and its nearly isogenic lines were constructed by using early-maturing indica line 6442S-7 as the donor parent, and by using latematuring indica line Minghui 63 (MH63), Shuhui 881 (SH881) and Shuhui 527 (SH527) as the recurrent parents (genetic background), respectively. Further, it was found out that Ef-cd gene could generally advance rice to head 11-14 d earlier. So, it was considered that Ef-cd gene played an important role in rapid developing early-maturing and super high-yielding rice varieties.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to expand the insect resistance spectrum of tea saponin, and its control effect on Cylas formicarius and the potential as an insecticide for pest control were explored. [Methods] ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to expand the insect resistance spectrum of tea saponin, and its control effect on Cylas formicarius and the potential as an insecticide for pest control were explored. [Methods] The olfactory avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin aqueous solution was determined by Y-type olfactometer;the feeding avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by the selective method;the antifeedant rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by non-selective method;and the development duration and mortality of C. formicarius under the influence of tea saponin were determined by artificial feeding method. [Results] C. formicarius had no significant olfactory tendency to every concentration of tea saponin, and the olfactory avoidance rate of 20.0% tea saponin aqueous solution was only 9.14%. Tea saponin had a feeding avoidance effect on C. formicarius, and the avoidance rate increased with the increase of tea saponin concentration. At 6 h, the feeding avoidance rates of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 20.0% tea saponin on C. formicarius were 58.14%, 77.77%, 88.23%, 95.00% and 97.65 %, respectively;and the feeding avoidance effect at 6 h was significant, and the feeding avoidance rate was higher than that of 1 h. Tea saponin had a significant antifeedant effect on C. formicarius, and the longer the feeding time, the higher the antifeedant rate. At 72 h, the antifeedant rates of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0 % and 20.0% tea saponin to C. formicarius were 63.01%, 67.54%, 97.14 %, 96.42% and 98.57%, respectively. The larval development duration of C. formicarius was shortened with the increase of tea saponin concentration, and the larval death occurred. The development duration of larvae under the influence of 1.0% tea saponin was the shortest, which was 4.01 d shorter than that of the control, and the mortality was the highest, which was 26.65%. [Conclusions] Tea saponin had neither olfactory avoidance effect nor olfactory attracting effect to C. formicarius, but had obvious feeding avoidance effect and strong antifeedant effect. Tea saponin can shorten the development duration of the larvae of C. formicarius and cause the death of the larvae.展开更多
Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation...Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks,aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.In this study,we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the standardized precipitation index(SPI),and the simulated vegetation GPP using the eddy covariance-light use efficiency(EC-LUE)model to analyze the spatiotemporal change of GPP and its response to different drought indices in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982-2018.The main findings indicated that vegetation GPP decreased in 50.53% of the plateau,mainly in its northern and northeastern parts,while it increased in the remaining 49.47%area.Specifically,meadow steppe(78.92%)and deciduous forest(79.46%)witnessed a significant decrease in vegetation GPP,while alpine steppe(75.08%),cropland(76.27%),and sandy vegetation(87.88%)recovered well.Warming aridification areas accounted for 71.39% of the affected areas,while 28.53% of the areas underwent severe aridification,mainly located in the south and central regions.Notably,the warming aridification areas of desert steppe(92.68%)and sandy vegetation(90.24%)were significant.Climate warming was found to amplify the sensitivity of coniferous forest,deciduous forest,meadow steppe,and alpine steppe GPP to drought.Additionally,the drought sensitivity of vegetation GPP in the Mongolian Plateau gradually decreased as altitude increased.The cumulative effect of drought on vegetation GPP persisted for 3.00-8.00 months.The findings of this study will improve the understanding of how drought influences vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
目的:基于缺血缺氧脑瘫大鼠神经功能评分(Zea-Longa评分)、脑组织肉眼观和大脑海马区胱天蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)、胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达水平变化,探讨缺血缺氧模型脑瘫大鼠的有效时长。方法:选取3周龄斯泼累格·多雷(SD)健...目的:基于缺血缺氧脑瘫大鼠神经功能评分(Zea-Longa评分)、脑组织肉眼观和大脑海马区胱天蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)、胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达水平变化,探讨缺血缺氧模型脑瘫大鼠的有效时长。方法:选取3周龄斯泼累格·多雷(SD)健康大鼠,随机分为正常组和模型组,采用改良的Rice-Vannucci方法建立脑瘫模型,造模后第1、7、14、21天,观察各组大鼠的一般情况并进行神经功能评分,在第7、14、21天分批处死大鼠并取脑组织,观察各组大鼠左侧脑组织,检测海马区Caspase-9、Caspase-3的表达水平。结果:一般情况:造模后第1天,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠左侧瞳孔缩小、姿势异常、自发或夹尾左旋、自主活动减少、兴奋性降低、肌肉颤动、头颤,抽搐,抓取时抵抗反应明显,随着时间延长,以上异常行为逐渐消失,造模后21 d基本消失不见,但左侧瞳孔一直小于对侧;Zea-Longa评分:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7、14 d Zea-Longa评分较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑组织肉眼观:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7、14及21 d大鼠左侧脑组织有不同程度的萎缩和坏死;免疫组化结果:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7 d、14 d Caspase-9、Caspase-3的表达水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3周龄缺血缺氧脑瘫模型大鼠的有效时长为14~21 d,可干预14 d。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: Researches prove that the treatment of cerebral palsy by botulinus toxin (BTX-A) can improve effect and prolong effective duration. Current intensity is the important factor during injection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of motor function and muscular intensity of children with spastic cerebral palsy after injecting BTX-A and analyze correlation between current intensity and effective duration. DESIGN: Cases control trial before and after nerves block SETTING: Capital University of Medical Sciences, China Rehabilitation Research Center PARTICIPANTS: From June 2002 to November 2004, 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy were treated by BTX-A block. All children were hospitalized in the Children Rehabilitation Department of China Rehabilitation Research Center. The children included 9 male and 5 female, and ranged from 4 to 13 years old, and average age was (6±2) years. Muscular tension ranged from grade 1 to grade 3. The diagnosis and the tape of cerebral palsy based on standard of the Fist Nationwide Cerebral Palsy Symposium, and all children were diagnosed with electroencephalogram (EEG), CT and MRI, and permitted by their guardians. METHODS: (1) Locating and calculation: To locate block points by G6805-2A electro-therapeutic apparatus (Shanghai Huayi Electronic Instrument Plant) at the least stimulating current (continuous wave; impulse frequency; 2.667-83.333 Hz; current intensity: 0-6 mA; voltage: 6 V) to touch off muscles contraction. The current intensity of each point was recorded, and the average current intensity of each patient was calculated at the same time. (2) Dose of BTX-A: Basing upon the spastic degree and weight of patients, the dose was made certain: dose (IU)=(scores of Modified Ashworth Scale +2.5) xweight (kg). The number of the block points was in all 4. The dose of injection ranged from 50 IU to 160 IU with the average of (73.6+25.8) IU. The BTX-A was made by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, and each bottle contains 100 IU BTX-A. Muscular tension was evaluated by Modified Ashworth Scale. The scale ranged from grade 0 to grade 4, and the scores were from 0 to 4. The higher the scores were, the higher the muscular tension was. (3) Effect: Changes of muscular tension were evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale before and after block. Motor function was evaluated by Physician Rating Scale (PRS) before and after treatment. It contained Gait pattern, Hindfoot (ankle) position (stance-floor contact), Hindfoot position (foot strike), Knee position (degree of recurvation), Crouch and Speed of gait. The scores ranged from 0 to 14. The higher the points were, the better the motor function was. (4) Effective duration: The duration was definited by the recovering of the Modified Ashworth Scale. (5) Statistic analysis: Firstly, the current intensity and the effect duration were analyzed by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, the current intensity: Z= 0.456, P= 0.985, the effective duration: Z= 0.557, P= 0.915. Both data were normal distribution. Secondly, both data were analyzed by Linear Regression. The efficiency of the BTX-A block was analyzed by paired-samples t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Changes of motor function of muscular tension; (2) correlation between current intensity and effective duration. RESULTS: Fourteen children with spastic cerebral palsy were all involved in the final analysis. (1) Therapeutic effect: The average score of Ashworth scale after block was lower than that before block [(1.02±0.34) points vs. (2.12±0.48) points, t= 3.644, P〈 0.01]. The average score of RPS after block was higherthan that before block [(9.75±2.78) points vs. (6.16±0.58) points, t =13.222, P〈 0.01]. (2) Relation between the current intensity and the effective duration: The current intensity was (0.1857±0.0506) mA, and the effective duration was (26.36±4.48) weeks. The current intensity was negative correlation with effective duration (r = -0.775, P = 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: (1) BTX-A occlusion can decrease muscular tension and improve motor function of lower limbs of children with spastic cerebral palsy. (2) The lower the current intensity is, the longer the effective duration is.
基金Supported by Project for Research on Meteorological Science and Technology of Weifang Meteorological Bureau(2016wfqxkt04)
文摘Based on data of monthly sunshine duration in Shouguang City during 1961-2013,changing features of sunshine duration and effects on greenhouse production in Shouguang City were analyzed by using linear tendency method,M-K mutation test and Molet wavelet analysis. The results show that in Shouguang City,sunshine duration in a year and each season reduced obviously from 1961 to 2013,and sunshine duration in a year and autumn changed suddenly in the 1990s,while sunshine duration in winter and spring changed suddenly in the 1980s. There existed obvious periodic variations of sunshine duration in a year and various seasons from 1961 to 2013. The reduction of sunshine duration and the increase of cloudy days resulted in the decrease in the yield of crops in solar greenhouses,so some effective measures should be taken to enhance the light intensity and time in solar greenhouses to promote crop growth.
基金supported by the Program of National High Technology Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2010AA101301)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to University in China (Grant No. B08025)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology in China (Grant No. 2006-G8 [4]-31-1) the Program of Science-Technology Basis and Conditional Platform in China (Grant No. 505005)
文摘Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the epistatic effects explained a small proportion of phenotypic variation. No interactions were detected between additive QTL and environment, and between epistatic QTL pairs and environment. After growth duration was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.71. When effective panicle number per plant was adjusted to an identical level, RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 4.64. After plant height was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.62, and RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 3.89. These applicable elite alleles could be used to improve target traits without influencing the other two traits.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1839202).
文摘Duration models are one of the important parameters in ground-motion simulations.This model varies in different study areas,and plays a critical role in nonlinear structural response analysis.Currently,available empirical models are being globally used in ground-motion simulations,with limited research focusing on path duration in specific regions.In this study,we collected 6,486 sets of three-component strong-motion records from 29 K-NET stations in the Sagami Bay,Japan,and its surrounding areas between January 2000 to October 2018.We extracted the effective duration of 386 pieces of ground-motion records by manually picking up the S-wave arrival time and calculating the significant duration.We then obtained the path duration model of the study area based on the empirical equation of dynamic corner frequency and source duration of Boore(2009).Compared with the results of the available empirical models,the Fourier spectrum of the simulated ground motion from our effective duration model showed higher accuracy in the long-term range,with less fitting residuals.This path duration model was then applied to simulate two earthquakes of M_(W)5.4 and M_(W)6.2,respectively,in the region using the stochastic finite-fault method with a set of reliable source,path,and site parameters determined for the study area.The simulation results of most stations fit well with observation records in the 0-30 Hz frequency band.For the M_(W)5.4 earthquake,the simulated ground motions at KNG005/KNG010/SZO008 stations were relatively weak in the mid to high frequency band(1-30 Hz)because the quality factor and geometric diffusion model used in the simulation were the averages of the entire Sagami Bay region,causing a bias in the results of a few stations owing to local crustal velocity anomalies and topographic effects.For the M_(W)6.2 earthquake,the simulated ground motions were relatively weak at all SZO and TKY stations,mainly because of the close distance from these stations to the epicenter and the complex seismic-wave propagation paths.The analysis suggests that the differences between the simulation results of the two earthquakes were mainly related to complex geological conditions and seismic-wave propagation paths.
文摘Objective:To observe whether the Ear Well infant ear correction system makes any difference in terms of the treatment effect,duration,complication rate,and nursing care requirements in different types of infant auricle deformities.Methods:A total of 93 infant patients with auricular deformity(age:<3 months of age)who were diagnosed and treated in Guangzhou Children and Women’s Medical Center from April 2018 to September 2020 were selected and treated with the Ear Well infant ear correction system.We observed and recorded the effects of the Ear Well infant ear correction system,the treatment duration,the number of rebound cases,and complications that are likely to occur during treatment,and noted the related factors causing complications and the relative requirements for nursing care.Results:The Earwell infant ear correction system could effectively correct infant auricle deformities.Among the 93 cases,90 cases had positive therapeutical outcome and the effective rate was 96.77%.The treatment duration for lop ear and protruding ear was longer than for other auricle deformities;the deformity recoil and the treatment compilation rates were much higher for these 2 deformity types,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The treatment suggestion for the wearing duration of the Ear Well infant ear correction system for lop ear and protruding ear is a prolonged duration compared with that for other infant auricle deformities.Fur ther,the requirements for nursing care intensity and infant patient’s guardian’s nursing knowledge and skill are obviously increased for these 2 types of auricle deformities.
基金Special Research Foundation of Earthquake Industry under Grant No. 201208013National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51008101 & 51078117
文摘Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio(V/A).However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized.
文摘Looking at all the indeterminate factors as a whole and regarding activity durations as independent random variables, the traditional stochastic network planning models ignore the inevitable relationship and dependence among activity durations when more than one activity is possibly affected by the same indeterminate factors. On this basis of analysis of indeterminate effect factors of durations, the effect factors-based stochastic network planning (EFBSNP) model is proposed, which emphasizes on the effects of not only logistic and organizational relationships, but also the dependent relationships, due to indeterminate factors among activity durations on the project period. By virtue of indeterminate factor analysis the model extracts and describes the quantitatively indeterminate effect factors, and then takes into account the indeterminate factors effect schedule by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The method is flexible enough to deal with effect factors and is coincident with practice. A software has been developed to simplify the model-based calculation, in VisualStudio.NET language. Finally, a case study is included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and comparison is made with some advantages over the existing models.
文摘Sixty-three patients with small airway obstruction were randomly divided into 3 groups treaded by acupuncture of 20 min, 40 min and 60 min. After acupuncture treatment, the function of the small airway in all patients of the three groups improved significantly(P<0.001). Comparison in of multiple indexes among the three groups showed that the therapeutic effects of the 40 min-and 60 min-groups were distinctly superior to that of the 20 min-group (P < 0.005), while that of the 40 min- and 60 min-groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). It reveals that acupuncture can regulate the function of small airway of the lung and the therapeutic effect is relevant to the needling duration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070469).
文摘Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was isolated and its nearly isogenic lines were constructed by using early-maturing indica line 6442S-7 as the donor parent, and by using latematuring indica line Minghui 63 (MH63), Shuhui 881 (SH881) and Shuhui 527 (SH527) as the recurrent parents (genetic background), respectively. Further, it was found out that Ef-cd gene could generally advance rice to head 11-14 d earlier. So, it was considered that Ef-cd gene played an important role in rapid developing early-maturing and super high-yielding rice varieties.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Guangxi Industry Potato Innovation Team(nycytxgxcxtd-11-01)Guangxi Science and Technology Planning Project(GK AB16380046,GK AB18221101)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to expand the insect resistance spectrum of tea saponin, and its control effect on Cylas formicarius and the potential as an insecticide for pest control were explored. [Methods] The olfactory avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin aqueous solution was determined by Y-type olfactometer;the feeding avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by the selective method;the antifeedant rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by non-selective method;and the development duration and mortality of C. formicarius under the influence of tea saponin were determined by artificial feeding method. [Results] C. formicarius had no significant olfactory tendency to every concentration of tea saponin, and the olfactory avoidance rate of 20.0% tea saponin aqueous solution was only 9.14%. Tea saponin had a feeding avoidance effect on C. formicarius, and the avoidance rate increased with the increase of tea saponin concentration. At 6 h, the feeding avoidance rates of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 20.0% tea saponin on C. formicarius were 58.14%, 77.77%, 88.23%, 95.00% and 97.65 %, respectively;and the feeding avoidance effect at 6 h was significant, and the feeding avoidance rate was higher than that of 1 h. Tea saponin had a significant antifeedant effect on C. formicarius, and the longer the feeding time, the higher the antifeedant rate. At 72 h, the antifeedant rates of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0 % and 20.0% tea saponin to C. formicarius were 63.01%, 67.54%, 97.14 %, 96.42% and 98.57%, respectively. The larval development duration of C. formicarius was shortened with the increase of tea saponin concentration, and the larval death occurred. The development duration of larvae under the influence of 1.0% tea saponin was the shortest, which was 4.01 d shorter than that of the control, and the mortality was the highest, which was 26.65%. [Conclusions] Tea saponin had neither olfactory avoidance effect nor olfactory attracting effect to C. formicarius, but had obvious feeding avoidance effect and strong antifeedant effect. Tea saponin can shorten the development duration of the larvae of C. formicarius and cause the death of the larvae.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361024,42101030,42261079,and 41961058)the Talent Project of Science and Technology in Inner Mongolia of China(NJYT22027 and NJYT23019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,China(2022JBBJ014 and 2022JBQN093)。
文摘Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks,aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.In this study,we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the standardized precipitation index(SPI),and the simulated vegetation GPP using the eddy covariance-light use efficiency(EC-LUE)model to analyze the spatiotemporal change of GPP and its response to different drought indices in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982-2018.The main findings indicated that vegetation GPP decreased in 50.53% of the plateau,mainly in its northern and northeastern parts,while it increased in the remaining 49.47%area.Specifically,meadow steppe(78.92%)and deciduous forest(79.46%)witnessed a significant decrease in vegetation GPP,while alpine steppe(75.08%),cropland(76.27%),and sandy vegetation(87.88%)recovered well.Warming aridification areas accounted for 71.39% of the affected areas,while 28.53% of the areas underwent severe aridification,mainly located in the south and central regions.Notably,the warming aridification areas of desert steppe(92.68%)and sandy vegetation(90.24%)were significant.Climate warming was found to amplify the sensitivity of coniferous forest,deciduous forest,meadow steppe,and alpine steppe GPP to drought.Additionally,the drought sensitivity of vegetation GPP in the Mongolian Plateau gradually decreased as altitude increased.The cumulative effect of drought on vegetation GPP persisted for 3.00-8.00 months.The findings of this study will improve the understanding of how drought influences vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘目的:基于缺血缺氧脑瘫大鼠神经功能评分(Zea-Longa评分)、脑组织肉眼观和大脑海马区胱天蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)、胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达水平变化,探讨缺血缺氧模型脑瘫大鼠的有效时长。方法:选取3周龄斯泼累格·多雷(SD)健康大鼠,随机分为正常组和模型组,采用改良的Rice-Vannucci方法建立脑瘫模型,造模后第1、7、14、21天,观察各组大鼠的一般情况并进行神经功能评分,在第7、14、21天分批处死大鼠并取脑组织,观察各组大鼠左侧脑组织,检测海马区Caspase-9、Caspase-3的表达水平。结果:一般情况:造模后第1天,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠左侧瞳孔缩小、姿势异常、自发或夹尾左旋、自主活动减少、兴奋性降低、肌肉颤动、头颤,抽搐,抓取时抵抗反应明显,随着时间延长,以上异常行为逐渐消失,造模后21 d基本消失不见,但左侧瞳孔一直小于对侧;Zea-Longa评分:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7、14 d Zea-Longa评分较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑组织肉眼观:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7、14及21 d大鼠左侧脑组织有不同程度的萎缩和坏死;免疫组化结果:与正常组比较,模型组造模后7 d、14 d Caspase-9、Caspase-3的表达水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3周龄缺血缺氧脑瘫模型大鼠的有效时长为14~21 d,可干预14 d。