Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the inves...Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.展开更多
Conducting a third-party assessment on targeted poverty alleviation can effectively avoid the disadvantage that local government plays as both athlete(i.e.performer of poverty alleviation work)and referee(i.e.referee ...Conducting a third-party assessment on targeted poverty alleviation can effectively avoid the disadvantage that local government plays as both athlete(i.e.performer of poverty alleviation work)and referee(i.e.referee for poverty alleviation effect)in poverty alleviation to ensure the truth of poverty alleviation,and therefore,it is an important part of the work to win the battle against poverty.Since 2016,the thirdparty assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have achieved good results and performance in the assessment on both the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation work and the exit of poor counties in China,and they have made due contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation.However,as a new thing,third-party assessment obviously has some problems,mainly including the following:subjective understanding on the long-term nature of rural poverty alleviation is insufficient,and there is a lack of long-term considerations and related mechanism for third-party assessment;affected by policies and institutions,most of the existing third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities have not regarded third-party assessment of targeted poverty alleviation as a cause,and they lack the motivation to actively study the assessment business;and the third-party assessment staff from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have low stability and high mobility,not conducive to the long-term construction of assessment teams.In order to establish long-term poverty alleviation and prevention mechanisms,these issues must be addressed squarely and relevant countermeasures need to be taken actively to effectively build a long-term mechanism for building third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation.展开更多
Logistics industry recently has worker’s age problem,since the logistics industry has a hard working environment,also young age workers are lack of interest in labour intensive industries.Logistics industry requires ...Logistics industry recently has worker’s age problem,since the logistics industry has a hard working environment,also young age workers are lack of interest in labour intensive industries.Logistics industry requires a lot of stillness workers.Based on the basic labour and logistics management,it is a critical issue of possibilities to improve employees’job burnout,reduce work stress,and increase job involvement.Team effectiveness affecting self-efficacy,job involvement and social support which affect work performance is the major factor as in this research.This study empirically tests team effectiveness affects social support,self-efficacy,and job involvement.This study distributes questionnaires of a total of 270 samples,and 234 returned,the return ration is 86.6%.The analysis technology used structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis as well.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction patients need to be bedridden for long periods of time often resulting in pressure injuries,which may represent a serious threat to patients'life and health.An effective nursing prog...BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction patients need to be bedridden for long periods of time often resulting in pressure injuries,which may represent a serious threat to patients'life and health.An effective nursing program should be adopted for timely intervention in patients with pressure wounds.AIM To explore the value of nursing services based on a multidisciplinary collaborative treatment team in patients with pressure injury wounds following cerebral infarction.METHODS Patients with cerebral infarction pressure injury wounds in our hospital from December 2016 to January 2021 were selected and divided into one study group and one control group based on the simple random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional nursing care(CNC),and the study group was treated with care services based on multidisciplinary collaborative care(MDCC).The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH),healing effect,Self-Perceived Burden Score(SPBS),and satisfaction with the intervention were calculated before and after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in both groups.RESULTS Sixty-two patients were enrolled,and 31 patients were assigned to each group.The results of the interventions were as follows:(1)There was no significant difference between the PUSH scores of the MDCC group(11.19±2.46)and CNC group(12.01±2.79)before the intervention(P>0.05),and the PUSH scores were lower after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in the MDCC group(6.63±1.97 and 3.11±1.04)than in the CNC group(8.78±2.13 and 4.96±1.35 points)(P<0.05);(2)The rate of wound healing in the MDCC group(96.77%)was higher than that in the CNC group(80.65%)(P<0.05);(3)There was no significant difference between the SPBS scores of emotional factors(21.15±3.11),economic factors(9.88±2.15),and physical factors(8.19±2.23)in the two groups before the intervention.The scores of emotional factors(13.51±1.88),economic factors(6.38±1.44),and physical factors(5.37±1.08)were lower in the MDCC group than in the CNC group(16.89±2.05,7.99±1.68 and 7.06±1.19)after 4 wk of intervention(P<0.05);and(4)Satisfaction with the intervention was higher in the MDCC group(93.55%)than in the CNC group(74.19%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Interventions for patients with cerebral infarction pressure wounds based on an MDCC treatment team can effectively reduce patients'self-perceived burden,improve pressure wound conditions,facilitate wound healing,and increase patient satisfaction with the intervention.展开更多
Background: The desire to improve the quality of health care for an aging population with multiple chronic diseases is fostering a rapid growth in interprofessional team care, supported by health professionals, govern...Background: The desire to improve the quality of health care for an aging population with multiple chronic diseases is fostering a rapid growth in interprofessional team care, supported by health professionals, governments, businesses and public institutions. However, the weight of evidence measuring the impact of team care on patient and health system outcomes has not, heretofore, been clear. To address this deficiency, we evaluated published evidence for the clinical effectiveness of team care within a chronic disease management context in a systematic overview. Methods: A search strategy was built for Medline using medical subject headings and other relevant keywords. After testing for performance, the search strategy was adapted to other databases (Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase, PsychInfo) using their specific descriptors. The searches were limited to reviews published between 1996 and 2011, in English and French languages. The results were analyzed by the number of studies favouring team intervention, based on the direction of effect and statistical significance for all reported outcomes. Results: Sixteen systematic and 7 narrative reviews were included. Diseases most frequently targeted were depression, followed by heart failure, diabetes and mental disorders. Effectiveness outcome measures most commonly used were clinical endpoints, resource utilization (e.g., emergency room visits, hospital admissions), costs, quality of life and medication adherence. Briefly, while improved clinical and resource utilization endpoints were commonly reported as positive outcomes, mixed directional results were often found among costs, medication adherence, mortality and patient satisfaction outcomes. Conclusions: We conclude that, although suggestive of some specific benefits, the overall weight of evidence for team care efficacy remains equivocal. Further studies that examine the causal interactions between multidisciplinary team care and clinical and economic outcomes of disease management are needed to more accurately assess its net program efficacy and population effectiveness.展开更多
ZTE Corporation,a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions,has signed an agreement with Samsung to jointly work on the research and development of WCDMA-based Home NodeB products
目的探究呼吸科学生教学中基于问题教学法(problem based learning,PBL)-基于案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)联合多学科团队协作(multiple department team,MDT)教学法的价值。方法以2022年4月—2023年4月在河南省肿瘤医院呼吸科...目的探究呼吸科学生教学中基于问题教学法(problem based learning,PBL)-基于案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)联合多学科团队协作(multiple department team,MDT)教学法的价值。方法以2022年4月—2023年4月在河南省肿瘤医院呼吸科实习的40名实习生、进修生、研究生学生为研究对象,以双盲法分为对照组和研究组,各20名,对照组行普通教学法,研究组行PBL-CBL+MDT教学法,统计考核成绩,观察个人技能,观察教学满意率。结果教学后,研究组理论检测、临床操作以及病历书写3个层面评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组的个人技能评估均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的教学多样性、趣味性、引导性及教学实践性满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论PBL-CBL+MDT教学法有较好价值,可增强呼吸科医学生教学效果,提升其个人技能。展开更多
Purpose:This study investigated emotion-performance relationships in rugby union.We identified which emotions rugby players experienced and the extent to which these emotions were associated with performance,consideri...Purpose:This study investigated emotion-performance relationships in rugby union.We identified which emotions rugby players experienced and the extent to which these emotions were associated with performance,considering how emotions unfold over the course of a game,and whether the game was played at home or away.Methods:Data were gathered from 22 professional male rugby union players using auto-confrontation interviews to help identify situations within games when players experienced intense emotions.We assessed the intensity of emotions experienced before each discrete performance and therefore could assess the emotion-performance relationship within a competition.Results:Players identified experiencing intense emotions at 189 time-points.Experts in rugby union rated the quality of each performance at these 189 time-points on a visual analog scale.A Linear Mixed Effects model to investigate emotion-performance relationships found additive effects of game location,game time,and emotions on individual performance.Conclusion:Results showed 7 different pre-performance emotions,with high anxiety and anger associating with poor performance.Future research should continue to investigate emotion-performance relationships during performance using video-assisted recall and use a measure of performance that has face validity for players and coaches alike.展开更多
基金Research on Innovation and Development Strategy of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province(2020lslktyb-095).
文摘Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.
基金Supported by Construction Project of Party Branch Secretary’s Studio of"Double Leader"Teachers in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education of China(YCSD2019DJ003).
文摘Conducting a third-party assessment on targeted poverty alleviation can effectively avoid the disadvantage that local government plays as both athlete(i.e.performer of poverty alleviation work)and referee(i.e.referee for poverty alleviation effect)in poverty alleviation to ensure the truth of poverty alleviation,and therefore,it is an important part of the work to win the battle against poverty.Since 2016,the thirdparty assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have achieved good results and performance in the assessment on both the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation work and the exit of poor counties in China,and they have made due contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation.However,as a new thing,third-party assessment obviously has some problems,mainly including the following:subjective understanding on the long-term nature of rural poverty alleviation is insufficient,and there is a lack of long-term considerations and related mechanism for third-party assessment;affected by policies and institutions,most of the existing third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities have not regarded third-party assessment of targeted poverty alleviation as a cause,and they lack the motivation to actively study the assessment business;and the third-party assessment staff from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have low stability and high mobility,not conducive to the long-term construction of assessment teams.In order to establish long-term poverty alleviation and prevention mechanisms,these issues must be addressed squarely and relevant countermeasures need to be taken actively to effectively build a long-term mechanism for building third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation.
文摘Logistics industry recently has worker’s age problem,since the logistics industry has a hard working environment,also young age workers are lack of interest in labour intensive industries.Logistics industry requires a lot of stillness workers.Based on the basic labour and logistics management,it is a critical issue of possibilities to improve employees’job burnout,reduce work stress,and increase job involvement.Team effectiveness affecting self-efficacy,job involvement and social support which affect work performance is the major factor as in this research.This study empirically tests team effectiveness affects social support,self-efficacy,and job involvement.This study distributes questionnaires of a total of 270 samples,and 234 returned,the return ration is 86.6%.The analysis technology used structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis as well.
文摘BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction patients need to be bedridden for long periods of time often resulting in pressure injuries,which may represent a serious threat to patients'life and health.An effective nursing program should be adopted for timely intervention in patients with pressure wounds.AIM To explore the value of nursing services based on a multidisciplinary collaborative treatment team in patients with pressure injury wounds following cerebral infarction.METHODS Patients with cerebral infarction pressure injury wounds in our hospital from December 2016 to January 2021 were selected and divided into one study group and one control group based on the simple random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional nursing care(CNC),and the study group was treated with care services based on multidisciplinary collaborative care(MDCC).The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH),healing effect,Self-Perceived Burden Score(SPBS),and satisfaction with the intervention were calculated before and after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in both groups.RESULTS Sixty-two patients were enrolled,and 31 patients were assigned to each group.The results of the interventions were as follows:(1)There was no significant difference between the PUSH scores of the MDCC group(11.19±2.46)and CNC group(12.01±2.79)before the intervention(P>0.05),and the PUSH scores were lower after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in the MDCC group(6.63±1.97 and 3.11±1.04)than in the CNC group(8.78±2.13 and 4.96±1.35 points)(P<0.05);(2)The rate of wound healing in the MDCC group(96.77%)was higher than that in the CNC group(80.65%)(P<0.05);(3)There was no significant difference between the SPBS scores of emotional factors(21.15±3.11),economic factors(9.88±2.15),and physical factors(8.19±2.23)in the two groups before the intervention.The scores of emotional factors(13.51±1.88),economic factors(6.38±1.44),and physical factors(5.37±1.08)were lower in the MDCC group than in the CNC group(16.89±2.05,7.99±1.68 and 7.06±1.19)after 4 wk of intervention(P<0.05);and(4)Satisfaction with the intervention was higher in the MDCC group(93.55%)than in the CNC group(74.19%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Interventions for patients with cerebral infarction pressure wounds based on an MDCC treatment team can effectively reduce patients'self-perceived burden,improve pressure wound conditions,facilitate wound healing,and increase patient satisfaction with the intervention.
文摘Background: The desire to improve the quality of health care for an aging population with multiple chronic diseases is fostering a rapid growth in interprofessional team care, supported by health professionals, governments, businesses and public institutions. However, the weight of evidence measuring the impact of team care on patient and health system outcomes has not, heretofore, been clear. To address this deficiency, we evaluated published evidence for the clinical effectiveness of team care within a chronic disease management context in a systematic overview. Methods: A search strategy was built for Medline using medical subject headings and other relevant keywords. After testing for performance, the search strategy was adapted to other databases (Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase, PsychInfo) using their specific descriptors. The searches were limited to reviews published between 1996 and 2011, in English and French languages. The results were analyzed by the number of studies favouring team intervention, based on the direction of effect and statistical significance for all reported outcomes. Results: Sixteen systematic and 7 narrative reviews were included. Diseases most frequently targeted were depression, followed by heart failure, diabetes and mental disorders. Effectiveness outcome measures most commonly used were clinical endpoints, resource utilization (e.g., emergency room visits, hospital admissions), costs, quality of life and medication adherence. Briefly, while improved clinical and resource utilization endpoints were commonly reported as positive outcomes, mixed directional results were often found among costs, medication adherence, mortality and patient satisfaction outcomes. Conclusions: We conclude that, although suggestive of some specific benefits, the overall weight of evidence for team care efficacy remains equivocal. Further studies that examine the causal interactions between multidisciplinary team care and clinical and economic outcomes of disease management are needed to more accurately assess its net program efficacy and population effectiveness.
文摘ZTE Corporation,a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions,has signed an agreement with Samsung to jointly work on the research and development of WCDMA-based Home NodeB products
文摘目的探究呼吸科学生教学中基于问题教学法(problem based learning,PBL)-基于案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)联合多学科团队协作(multiple department team,MDT)教学法的价值。方法以2022年4月—2023年4月在河南省肿瘤医院呼吸科实习的40名实习生、进修生、研究生学生为研究对象,以双盲法分为对照组和研究组,各20名,对照组行普通教学法,研究组行PBL-CBL+MDT教学法,统计考核成绩,观察个人技能,观察教学满意率。结果教学后,研究组理论检测、临床操作以及病历书写3个层面评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组的个人技能评估均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的教学多样性、趣味性、引导性及教学实践性满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论PBL-CBL+MDT教学法有较好价值,可增强呼吸科医学生教学效果,提升其个人技能。
文摘Purpose:This study investigated emotion-performance relationships in rugby union.We identified which emotions rugby players experienced and the extent to which these emotions were associated with performance,considering how emotions unfold over the course of a game,and whether the game was played at home or away.Methods:Data were gathered from 22 professional male rugby union players using auto-confrontation interviews to help identify situations within games when players experienced intense emotions.We assessed the intensity of emotions experienced before each discrete performance and therefore could assess the emotion-performance relationship within a competition.Results:Players identified experiencing intense emotions at 189 time-points.Experts in rugby union rated the quality of each performance at these 189 time-points on a visual analog scale.A Linear Mixed Effects model to investigate emotion-performance relationships found additive effects of game location,game time,and emotions on individual performance.Conclusion:Results showed 7 different pre-performance emotions,with high anxiety and anger associating with poor performance.Future research should continue to investigate emotion-performance relationships during performance using video-assisted recall and use a measure of performance that has face validity for players and coaches alike.
