Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Selecting method of districts with science and technology program’s priority support and its positive analysis

According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.

Study on High-efficiency Ecological Agricultural Development Based on Science and Technology in the Yellow River Delta

Based on the analysis of the status, characteristics and technological functions of high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta, the paper pointed out technological bottlenecks of the high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta. Some suggestions were proposed including changing the development concept, implementing nine projects, increasing capital investment, focusing on demonstration, and strengthening human resources.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Outlook for Oil and Gas Engineering Technology in China

In the field of global oil and gas engineering science and technology, innovative progress has been made in deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, deep exploration in mature areas, and improvements in recovery efficiency and supporting technologies. The oil and gas industry in China has entered the stage of "simultaneous development of both shallow and deep sea areas, conventional and unconventional oil and gas, and onshore and offshore exploration", withonshore deep areas,deep sea areas,and unconventional oil and gas as important exploration priorities. Oil and gas engineering science and technology in China has seen 14 breakthroughs made in key areas and 6 key tasks to be completed in the fields of "onshore deep exploration, deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, recovery efficiency improvement and supporting engineering technologies". These developments will effectively promote the orderly succession of oil and gas exploration and the efficient use of oil and gas resources to achieve a sustained and healthy development of the oil and gas industry in China and boost the development and utilization of overseas resources.

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Perspectives of Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction of Asia

Science and technology innovation has always been present in Asia,but its application in disaster risk reduction(DRR) has been differential.In Asia,globally significant hotspots of disasters and economic development have emerged in which the application of science and technology in DRR has become an essential requirement for informed decision making.Science has supported establishment and implementation of major international initiatives in DRR,including the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.The more recent Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030 recognizes the importance of science and technology in all of its priority action areas,and subsequent global and regional forums and conferences have reconfirmed science and technology's importance.To perceive and monitor the progress of science and technology in DRR,a qualitative assessment of different countries is made using three major attributes:(1) science-based decision making;(2) investment in science and technology;and(3) the intensity of science's link to the public.This assessment exercise points out several strengths and weaknesses in science and technology application;the method can be employed to develop future multistakeholder and multidisciplinary science and technology plans at the country level.To implement regional and national activities,a set of 15 recommendations is put forward,which will strengthen the collective regional "science voice" in DRR.

中国区域科技创新效率研究——基于三阶段EBM-Windows模型

对于区域来说,科技创新效率大小往往能体现其科技创新能力强弱。本文针对不同时期前沿面无法比较问题,同时为了分析环境对科技创新效率的影响,构建考虑外部环境和异质前沿面的改进三阶段EBM-Windows模型,以期更准确评估区域科技创新效率。根据中国30个省市自治区(不包括香港、澳门、台湾、西藏的数据) 2007-2016年的科技创新效率结果,对比分析各区域效率值,结果表明在剔除环境因素和随机干扰影响后,大部分地区科技创新效率有所提升,并通过测算引起效率变动的影响因素大小,提出改进各区域科技创新效率的建议。

OFDI、逆向技术溢出与全要素能源效率——基于PVAR模型分析

在中国企业大规模“走出去”的背景下,探讨了对外直接投资(OFDI)逆向技术溢出对全要素能源效率的作用机制。以2003-2017年中国29个省份的面板数据为样本,运用SBM方向距离函数方法对样本期内各省份的全要素能源效率进行了测算,通过构建包含技术创新在内的面板向量自回归(PVAR)模型系统阐述了OFDI逆向技术溢出对全要素能源效率的动态影响路径。研究结果发现:在样本期内,中国各省全要素能源效率空间分布较为稳定,但存在显著的空间异质性,即东部沿海地区最高,中部地区次之,西部地区最低;OFDI逆向技术溢出能够一定程度上促进全要素能源效率的提高,但目前该作用效果还尚小且存在滞后性特征;OFDI逆向技术溢出与技术创新之间存在良性互动,OFDI逆向技术溢出能够有效促进技术创新,反之,技术创新也能促进对OFDI外溢技术的吸收。

OFDI逆向技术溢出对地区技术创新的影响——基于基础吸收能力的调节作用

利用2002—2012年中国省际面板数据,通过对基于基础吸收能力调节的OFDI逆向技术溢出对以专利授权数量表示的技术创新影响的研究得到如下结论:加入经济发展水平、金融发展水平与基础设施建设水平各个指标的调节变量后,东部、中部和西部地区的OFDI逆向技术溢出效应对技术创新能力均产生了正面效应,但是与R&D经费投入和科研人员数量相比,这一促进效应依然较小;基础吸收能力调节变量的加入正向调节了OFDI逆向技术溢出对技术创新的影响;相对来说,基础吸收能力对西部地区OFDI逆向溢出与创新能力之间关系的调节效应更为重要。

RCEP框架下企业OFDI技术利益的理论机制与实证检验

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)合作框架下中国企业对外直接投资(OFDI)及其技术利益格局会深远影响成员国的后续科技创新与合作。本文基于上市公司面板数据,运用“熵权法”测算技术利益,结合企业、环境、东道国与OFDI特征研究中国企业对RCEP国家直接投资的技术利益实现问题。研究发现:对RCEP国家直接投资对实现技术利益具有显著促进作用;管理效率的提升强化技术利益的实现能力,高知识产权保护水平强化技术利益实现的动机。进一步分析表明,国有企业能实现更多的技术利益,而民营企业可以通过提高管理效率和知识产权保护水平提升技术利益实现水平;企业OFDI水平越高、东道国知识产权保护水平越高,技术利益实现效果越好;投资到RCEP国家的企业相比投资到“一带一路”国家的企业会获得更多技术利益。

OFDI能提升技术创新效率吗?——基于环境规制强度差异视角

文章基于2009—2019年中国省际面板数据,采用门槛模型探究环境规制对OFDI驱动两阶段技术创新效率的差异性调节作用。结果表明:在研究期内,OFDI显著提升了国内科技研发效率和成果转化效率,并且对成果转化效率促进作用更大;环境规制对OFDI逆向技术创新溢出具有显著门槛效应,均呈现正向“倒U”型非线性特征。在环境规制调节下,OFDI对技术创新效率具有显著的区域异质性,不同地区要根据实际情况实施适度的环境规制政策。

基于数据包络法的OFDI对高新技术企业创新效率的影响分析

我国已经成为对外直接投资的大国,高新技术企业的OFDI行为能否提升企业创新效率是一个重要的命题。基于数据包络法构建回归模型,以广东高新技术企业微观数据为样本进行了检验,结果表明,高新技术企业的OFDI促进了创新资源的投入和创新活动的实施,然而创新产出无法提升,创新效率降低。其原因在于许多OFDI重新配置创新资源,注重模仿创新,忽视了自主创新。为此,提出建议,在促进企业对外直接投资获取技术溢出效应的同时,需要增强企业自主创新能力,真正提升创新效率。

湖北省农业科技成果转化现状与对策

加快农业科技成果转化有利于提高农业质量效益和竞争力,有利于加快农业农村现代化。文章阐述了湖北省农业科技成果转化现状,系统分析了农业科技成果转化存在的主要问题,提出了强化资金投入、强化需求导向、强化企业培育、强化服务机构和人才队伍建设等加强农业科技成果转化的建议,以期为提升湖北省农业科技成果转化工作效能提供参考。

高校服务新质生产力发展的能力审视与评价机制改革

新质生产力以科技创新为驱动,以高层次创新型人才为支撑,以战略性新兴产业和未来产业为载体,是高效能、高质量的新质态生产力。新质生产力的持续发展要求高校为之提供新质性的人才和科技支持,但长期以来基于效率取向的高校评价模式束缚了高校的生产力和服务力。深化高校评价机制改革,构建质量取向的新评价体系,是高校解放生产力,有效参与和服务新质生产力发展的必要举措。构建新的评价体系,当务之急是塑立基于“质量与贡献”的评价标准,改革政府主导的行政性评价,促进高校评价的生态化,强化高校自我评价的发展价值。

数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性作用研究

选取2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,探究数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性影响。结果表明:数字化转型对企业非效率投资表现出倒“U”型特征,数字化转型初期会通过加大财务困境风险来提高企业非效率投资水平,后期通过优化资源配置和促进技术创新来降低企业非效率投资水平。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对企业非效率投资的倒“U”型作用在国有企业、高信息透明度企业和数字普惠金融发展水平较低城市的企业中更为明显。研究为助力企业突破数字化转型拐点、实现对企业非效率投资的有效抑制提供参考。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

基于数据包络分析法的地方财政科技支出绩效评价研究

从投入和产出两个维度,建构评估政府财政支出绩效的指标体系。以安徽省为例,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对安徽省及其16个市的财政科技支出绩效进行全面评价。研究结果表明:“十三五”以来,近一半的年份里,全省财政科技支出的综合效率还没有达到相对有效的水平,管理和技术等因素是其主要原因;近年来16个市总体上的科技支出效率不理想,且各个地市财政科技支出规模投入具有一定的波动性,规模效率比较低的原因是16个市综合效率较低。基于此,提出推进省级科技领域财政事权和支出责任划分、实现财政科技支出向财政R&D预算管理转变、优化投入方式与结构等相关建议。

基于DEA模型的河北省国家农业科技园区产业效率分析

以河北省15个国家农业科技园区为研究对象,通过考察调研及数据采集,筛选出影响农业科技园区产业运行的关键性投入、产出指标,基于DEA模型比较不同园区的产业运行效率,并针对有效园区进行投影分析,为提高园区运行效率提出了改进方向。结果表明:河北三河、河北唐山国家农业科技园区的DEA有效,多数园区存在投入产出效率不足的问题;技术效率上整体表现一般,投入要素的利用程度尚可;规模效率整体水平较高,但普遍存在规模偏小的现象。基于此,针对各个园区提出相应的改进方向,并深入剖析运行有效园区的创新发展策略,以期为河北省国家农业科技园区提升产业效率,谋求创新发展提供参考和借鉴。