Prediction of efficient outputs based on GM(1,N) model and weak DEA efficiency

This paper expresses the efficient outputs of decisionmaking unit（DMU） as the sum of ＂average outputs＂ forecasted by a GM（1,N） model and ＂increased outputs＂ which reflect the difficulty to realize efficient outputs.The increased outputs are solved by linear programming using data envelopment analysis efficiency theories,wherein a new sample is introduced whose inputs are equal to the budget in the issue No.n ＋ 1 and outputs are forecasted by the GM（1,N） model.The shortcoming in the existing methods that the forecasted efficient outputs may be less than the possible actual outputs according to developing trends of input-output rate in the periods of pre-n is overcome.The new prediction method provides decision-makers with more decisionmaking information,and the initial conditions are easy to be given.

Determination of aerosol extinction coefficient and mass extinction efficiency by DOAS with a flashlight source

With the method of differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS）, average concentrations of aerosol particles along light path were measured with a flashlight source in Chiba area during the period of one month. The optical thickness at 550 nm is compared with the concentration of ground-measured suspended particulate matter （SPM）. Good correlations are found between the DOAS and SPM data, leading to the determination of the aerosol mass extinction efficiency （MEE） to be possible in the lower troposphere. The average MEE value is about 7.6m^2.g^-1 , and the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the particle size as determined from the wavelength dependence of the DOAS signal intensity.

Calculating the shading reduction coefficient of photovoltaic system efficiency using the anisotropic sky scattering model

The front-row shading reduction coefficient is a key parameter used to calculate the system efficiency of a photovoltaic(PV)power station.Based on the Hay anisotropic sky scattering model,the variation rule of solar radiation intensity on the surface of the PV array during the shaded period is simulated,combined with the voltage-current characteristics of the PV modules,and the shadow occlusion operating mode of the PV array is modeled.A method for calculating the loss coefficient of front shadow occlusion based on the division of the PV cell string unit and Hay anisotropic sky scattering model is proposed.This algorithm can accurately evaluate the degree of influence of the PV array layout,wiring mode,array spacing,PV module specifications,and solar radiation on PV power station system efficiency.It provides a basis for optimizing the PV array layout,reducing system loss,and improving PV system efficiency.

Efficient Slew-Rate Enhanced Operational Transconductance Amplifier

Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very low static power dissipation is growing. In this work, an operational transconductance amplifier（OTA） with an enhanced SR is proposed. By inserting a sensing resistor in the input port of the current mirror in the OTA, the voltage drop across the resistor is converted into an output current containing a term in proportion to the square of the voltage, and then the SR of the proposed OTA is significantly enhanced and the current dissipation can be reduced. The proposed OTA is designed and simulated with a 0.5μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. The simulation results show that the SR is 4.54V/μs, increased by 8.25 times than that of the conventional design, while the current dissipation is only 87.3%.

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

Investigating the Efficiency Coefficient of Pile Group in Clay Under Two-Way Lateral Load

This research investigates the behavior of a 2×2 pile group under two-directional lateral loads in addition to the vertical load.Through three-dimensional numerical modeling based on Flac 3D software,the study examines the total bearing capacity and efficiency coefficient of the pile group,considering factors such as the angle of lateral load,relative pile spacing,and relative stiffness of the pile-soil system.The findings highlight the significance of these factors in understanding and predicting the response of pile groups to changing lateral load directions.The results reveal that increasing the angle of the lateral load from 0°to 45°enhances both the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient of the pile group.When the relative stiffness of the pile-soil system significantly increases,soil stiffening occurs and reducing the relative spacing of the piles from 7 to 3 times the diameter of the piles diminishes the influence of the pile group.Consequently,the response of the pile group to lateral loads becomes more linear,with only a slight alteration in the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient when the lateral load is angled from 0°to 45°.Conversely,increasing the relative distance between the piles,specifically from 3 to 7 times the diameter of the piles,amplifies the influence of the pile group.Both the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient of the pile group exhibit an observed increase.These provide insights for designing pile groups and optimizing their performance under lateral loading conditions.

基于改进EfficientNetB0模型的葡萄叶部病害识别方法

为了高效、准确地识别葡萄叶部病害,文中提出了LE-EfficientNet模型,在EfficientNetB0模型基础上,采用大核注意力(LKA)机制替换原模型部分MBConv模块中的压缩激励网络(SENet),接着利用跳跃连接在最后一层卷积层后面融入高效通道注意力机制(ECA),结合三种注意力机制让网络更高效地提取葡萄叶部病害的局部重要信息,并引用Adam优化器替换原模型的SGD优化器,提升了分类模型的泛化能力。在PlantVillage葡萄叶部病害数据集上训练,结果表明,LE-EfficientNet模型相比原模型准确率提升了1.58%,总体精度提升了1.62%,召回率提升了1.46%,F_(1)分数提升了1.53%,并且参数量仅有10.18 MB,比原模型参数量降低2.7 MB,与其他经典网络模型相比,性能评估指标均有不同程度的提升,该研究为葡萄叶部病害识别提供了新的参考与借鉴。

Direct Analytical Method to Calculate Photopeak Efficiency and Photopeak Attenuation Coefficient of NaI(Tl) Well-Type Detector

In this paper full-energy peak (photopeak) efficiency and photopeak attenuation coefficient of 3'' × 3'' NaI(Tl) well-type scintillation detector were calculated using gamma-rayisotropic radiating point sources (with photon energy: 0.245, 0.344, 0.662, 0.779, 0.964, 1.1732, 1.333 and 1.408 MeV) placed outside the detector well. These energies were obtained from 152Eu, 137Cs and 60Co. The relations between the full energy peak efficiency and photopeak attenuation coefficients, were plotted vs. photon energy at different sources to detector distance, and it found that the full energy peak efficiency decreased by increasing the distance between the source and the detector.

Establishment of NaLuF_(4):15%Tb-based low dose X-PDT agent and its application on efficient antitumor therapy

X-ray excited photodynamic therapy(X-PDT)is the bravo answer of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for deep-seated tumors,as it employs X-ray as the irradiation source to overcome the limitation of light penetration depth.However,high X-ray irradiation dose caused organ lesions and side effects became the major barrier to X-PDT application.To address this issue,this work employed a classic-al co-precipitation reaction to synthesize NaLuF_(4):15%Tb^(3+)(NLF)with an average particle size of(23.48±0.91)nm,which was then coupled with the photosensitizer merocyanine 540(MC540)to form the X-PDT system NLF-MC540 with high production of singlet oxygen.The system could induce antitumor efficacy to about 24%in relative low dose X-ray irradiation range(0.1-0.3 Gy).In vivo,when NLF-MC540 irradiated by 0.1 Gy X-ray,the tumor inhibition percentage reached 89.5%±5.7%.The therapeutic mechanism of low dose X-PDT was found.A significant increase of neutrophils in serum was found on the third day after X-PDT.By immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections,the Ly6G^(+),CD8^(+),and CD11c^(+)cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment were studied.Utilizing the bilat-eral tumor model,the NLF-MC540 with 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation could inhibit both the primary tumor and the distant tumor growth.De-tected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),two cytokines IFN-γand TNF-αin serum were upregulated 7 and 6 times than negative control,respectively.Detected by enzyme linked immune spot assay(ELISPOT),the number of immune cells attributable to the IFN-γand TNF-αlevels in the group of low dose X-PDT were 14 and 6 times greater than that in the negative control group,respectively.Thus,it conclude that low dose X-PDT system could successfully upregulate the levels of immune cells,stimulate the secretion of cy-tokines(especially IFN-γand TNF-α),activate antitumor immunity,and finally inhibit colon tumor growth.

Low rank optimization for efficient deep learning:making a balance between compact architecture and fast training

Deep neural networks(DNNs)have achieved great success in many data processing applications.However,high computational complexity and storage cost make deep learning difficult to be used on resource-constrained devices,and it is not environmental-friendly with much power cost.In this paper,we focus on low-rank optimization for efficient deep learning techniques.In the space domain,DNNs are compressed by low rank approximation of the network parameters,which directly reduces the storage requirement with a smaller number of network parameters.In the time domain,the network parameters can be trained in a few subspaces,which enables efficient training for fast convergence.The model compression in the spatial domain is summarized into three categories as pre-train,pre-set,and compression-aware methods,respectively.With a series of integrable techniques discussed,such as sparse pruning,quantization,and entropy coding,we can ensemble them in an integration framework with lower computational complexity and storage.In addition to summary of recent technical advances,we have two findings for motivating future works.One is that the effective rank,derived from the Shannon entropy of the normalized singular values,outperforms other conventional sparse measures such as the?_1 norm for network compression.The other is a spatial and temporal balance for tensorized neural networks.For accelerating the training of tensorized neural networks,it is crucial to leverage redundancy for both model compression and subspace training.

"Three-in-One" Ecological Development and Efficient Utilization Model of Aggregates

Green mining and the formation of an effective and efficient development model have become key issues that aggregates enterprises around the world need to solve urgently.On the basis of analyzing the development status of aggregates industry in Xiluodu area,the paper studied the main problems faced in the construction of green aggregates mines at present,and proposed a"three-in-one"ecological,intelligent and efficient green mine construction model for"ecological development","green logistics"and"solid waste recycling"of aggregates.The study has certain theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of green aggregates mine in Xiluodu area.

Increasing realism in modelling energy losses in railway vehicles and their impact to energy-efficient train control

The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway system.Energy-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruising speed to hold,how long one should coast over a suitable space,and when to brake.Most approaches in literature and industry greatly simplify a lot of nonlinear effects,such that they ignore mostly the losses due to energy conversion in traction components and auxiliaries.To fill this research gap,a series of increasingly detailed nonlinear losses is described and modelled.We categorize an increasing detail in this representation as four levels.We study the impact of those levels of detail on the energy optimal speed trajectory.To do this,a standard approach based on dynamic programming is used,given constraints on total travel time.This evaluation of multiple test cases highlights the influence of the dynamic losses and the power consumption of auxiliary components on railway trajectories,also compared to multiple benchmarks.The results show how the losses can make up 50%of the total energy consumption for an exemplary trip.Ignoring them would though result in consistent but limited errors in the optimal trajectory.Overall,more complex trajectories can result in less energy consumption when including the complexity of nonlinear losses than when a simpler model is considered.Those effects are stronger when the trajectory includes many acceleration and braking phases.

Efficient stabilization of dredged sludge with high water content using an improved bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement method

This study proposed an improved bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement(RMC)method for dredged sludge stabilization using the urea pre-hydrolysis strategy.Based on unconfined compression strength(UCS),pickling-drainage,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests,the effects of prehydrolysis duration(T),urease activity(UA)and curing age(CA)on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of bio-carbonized samples were systematically investigated and analyzed.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could significantly enhance urea hydrolysis and RMC bio-carbonation to achieve efficient stabilization of dredged sludge with 80%high water content.A significant strength increment of up to about 1063.36 kPa was obtained for the bio-carbonized samples after just 7 d of curing,which was 2.64 times higher than that of the 28-day cured ordinary Portland cement-reinforced samples.Both elevated T and UA could notably increase urea utilization ratio and carbonate ion yield,but the resulting surge in supersaturation also affected the precipitation patterns of hydrated magnesia carbonates(HMCs),which weakened the cementation effect of HMCs on soil particles and further inhibited strength enhancement of bio-carbonized samples.The optimum formula was determined to be the case of T?24 h and UA?10 U/mL for dredged sludge stabilization.A 7-day CA was enough for bio-carbonized samples to obtain stable strength,albeit slightly affected by UA.The benefits of high efficiency and water stability presented the potential of this method in achieving dredged sludge stabilization and resource utilization.This investigation provides informative ideas and valuable insights on implementing advanced bio-geotechnical techniques to achieve efficient stabilization of soft soil,such as dredged sludge.

Low-Cost Insulation for Energy Efficient Buildings in Terai Region of Nepal

There is a huge amount of energy savings potential in public building sector that has yet to be realized.By prioritizing energy efficiency in its own buildings and thus promoting the development of required knowledge in terms of new technology and construction methods,the public sector will lead the way in efforts to increase the rate of renovations.The low-cost insulation strategies and a comparison of cost with existing insulation materials has been described in this study.We have repeatedly faced energy crises and will continue to do so in the future if appropriate action is not taken in a timely manner.Properly implementing energy-saving initiatives in for achieving thermal comfort in buildings as well as reducing the energy costs would undoubtedly inspire the residential sector,resulting in significant reductions in energy usage.Simulations were carried out to study insulation layers on various building components like exterior walls,floor and roofs,generating different scenarios for a building as a base model,which were then compared and analysed to verify the literature used to develop the cases.The proposed recommendations,which have been validated,are certain to increase building energy efficiency,achieve thermal comfort in low cost than what is currently being used.

An Efficient and Lightweight YOLOv8s Strawberry Maturity Detection Model

The manual picking of strawberries is inefficient and costly,limiting scalability and economic benefits.Mechanizing this process reduces labor demands,improves working conditions,and modernizes the strawberry industry.Target detection technology,crucial for mechanized picking,must accurately determine strawberry maturity.This study presents an enhanced YOLOv8s model addressing current machine learning issues like accuracy,parameters,and complexity.The improved model replaces the Bottleneck structure in C2f with the FasterNet network,integrates an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism,and uses the Ghost module in the backbone to reduce computational load while maintaining performance.It also introduces Wise-IoU for bounding box regression loss,improving recognition accuracy.The YOLOv8s-FEGW model achieves a 93.8%mAP in detecting strawberry ripeness,with significant reductions in parameters(36.8%),complexity(34.6%),and model size(37.7%),alongside a 12.7% Frames Per Second(FPS)boost.These enhancements result in excellent detection capabilities,supporting agricultural automation and intelligence.

Prediction of face advance rate and determination of the operation efficiency in retreat longwall mining panel using rock engineering system

A new approach for prediction of face advance rete (FAR) prior to mining operation and determination of the operation efficiency after mining operation in retreat longwall mining panel is presented based upon the concepts of rock engineering system (RES). For this purpose, six longwall panels considered in Parvadeh-I coal mine. Seven major effective parameters on FAR was selected including coal mine roof rating, gas propagation, safety factor of longwall face, ratio of joint spacing to cutting depth at longwall face, longwall face inclination, panel width, floor rock mass rating. To performance evaluation of the presented model, the relationship between the average vulnerability indexes of advance operation with FAR was determined in considered panels with coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.884 that indicate relatively acceptable correlation and compatibility. Investigations of the research indicated that it is possible to determine the actual operation efficiency under fair conditions by a RES-based model. The inevitable reduction of FAR for each longwall panel was determined by presented model that the difference amount between the maximum possible practical face advance rate (FARmpp) and recorded actual face advance rate (FARa) indicate the operation efficiency. Applied approach in this paper can be used to prediction of FAR in retreat longwall mining panel for same conditions that can have many benefits, including better and more accurate planning for the sales market and mine operation. Also, presented method in this paper can be applied as a useful tool to determination of actual operation efficiency for other sections and extraction methods in coal mines.

An Energy-Efficient Network Coded Cooperation Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-efficient communications is crucial for wireless sensor networks(WSN) where energy consumption is constrained. The transmission and reception energy can be saved by applying network coding to many wireless communications systems. In this paper,we present a coded cooperation scheme which employs network coding to WSN. In the scheme,the partner node forwards the combination of the source data and its own data instead of sending the source data alone. Afterward,both of the system block error rates(BLERs) and energy performance are evaluated. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme has higher energy efficiency. When Noise power spectral density is-171dBm/Hz,the energy consumption of the coded cooperation scheme is 81.1% lower than that of the single-path scheme,43.9% lower than that of the cooperation scheme to reach the target average BLER of 10-2. When the channel condition is getting worse,the energy saving effect is more obvious.

Sodium and Potassium Absorption and Distribution in Relation to Growth and Internal Potassium Use Efficiency of K-efficient and -inefficient rice genotypes

A pot experiment with two rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes differing in internal potassium use efficiency (IKUE) was conducted under different sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels. Adding NaCl at a proper level enhanced rice vegetative growth and increased grain yield and IKUE under low potassium. Addition of higher rate of NaCl had a negative effect on the growth of the K-efficient rice genotype, but did not for the K-inefficient genotype. Under low-K stress, higher NaCl decreased IKUE of the K-efficient rice genotype but increased IKUE for the K-inefficient genotype. At tillering stage and under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and decreased the ratio of K/Na for both genotypes. At harvesting stage under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and K/Na ratio for the K-efficient genotype but decreased the K/Na ratio for the K-inefficient genotype. The accumulated Na was mostly deposited in the roots and sheaths. At tillering stage, the K and Na contents and the K/Na ratios in different parts for both genotypes decreased in the following sequence: K+ in sheaths > K+ in blades > K+ in roots; Na+ in roots > Na+ in sheaths > Na+ in blades; and K/Na in sheaths 》 K/Na in roots. The K-efficient genotype had a lower K/Na ratio in roots and sheaths than the K-inefficient genotype under low-K stress. At harvesting stage, K and Na contents in grains were not affected, whereas K/Na ratio in the rice straws was increased for the K-efficient genotype but decreased for the K-inefficient genotype by Na addition. However, this was not the case under K sufficient condition.

Highly Efficient Photothermocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction in Ni/Mg-Doped Al_(2)O_(3) with High Fuel Production Rate, Large Light-to-Fuel Efficiency, and Good Durability

A novel nanocomposite of Ni nanoparticles loaded on Mg-doped Al_(2)O_(3)(Ni/Mg-Al_(2)O_(3))was prepared.By photothermocatalytic CO_(2) reduction with methane(CRM)merely using focused UV-vis-IR illumination on Ni/Mg-Al_(2)O_(3),high production rates of H_(2)(r_(H2),69.71 mmol min^(−1) g^(−1))and CO(rCO,74.57 mmol min^(−1) g^(−1))and an extremely large light-to-fuel efficiency(η,32.9%)are acquired.High rH2 and rCO(51.07 and 59.66 mmol min^(−1) g^(−1))and a largeη(32.5%)are acquired even by using focusedλ>560 nm vis-IR illumination.Ni/Mg-Al_(2)O_(3) shows good durability for photothermocatalytic CRM due to the side reaction of carbon deposition being enormously inhibited in comparison with a reference catalyst of Ni nanoparticles loaded on Al_(2)O_(3).The enormous carbon deposition inhibition is ascribed to the presence of a fence of CO_(2) molecules(strongly adsorbed on Mg-doped Al_(2)O_(3))around Ni nanoparticles,which block the polymerization and growth of carbon species to nanofibers by promoting the oxidation of carbon species formed by CH_(4) dissociation.The high photothermocatalytic activity of Ni/Mg-Al_(2)O_(3) arises from efficient light-driven thermocatalytic CRM.A photoactivation is found to considerably raise the photothermocatalytic activity of Ni/Mg-Al_(2)O_(3) because of the apparent activation energy(Ea)being substantially decreased upon focused illumination.The Ea reduction is associated with the rate-determining steps of CRM(e.g.,CH_(4) dissociation and the oxidation of carbon species)being accelerated upon focused illumination.