The Effect of Different Levels of Sesame Oil on Productive Performance, Egg Yolk and Blood Serum Lipid Profile in Laying Hens

Addition of sesame oil into layer diets has been proved to enrich the proportion of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids in animal’s products. In this study, the effects of different levels of sesame oil in the diets on the performance, egg yolk and blood serum lipid profile of Isa Brown laying hens were investigated. A total of 96 layers were assigned into 4 groups to receive either 1 of 4 different diets contained 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% sesame oil, respectively. Sample of 12 eggs obtained from each groups were assessed for egg quality. The egg yolk fatty acid profile was determined with gas chromatography. Results revealed that the higher levels of sesame oil in the diet decreased egg production, egg weight, and egg yolk color except feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of sesame oil increased the flow index of the eggs and the Haugh unite. The egg yolk lipid profile was not significantly different in the sesame oil fed groups, whereas, compare to control, it decreased the level of cholesterol. The blood serum lipid profile decreased in the sesame oil groups compare to control group. Meanwhile, monoacildigliserol also decreased in the sesame addition groups. In parallel with increasing levels of sesame oil, monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in the egg yolks significantly increased compared to the control (37.00%, 42.89%, 42.20% and 43.48%, respectively). It can be implied that sesame oil supplementation into the laying hens diet is necessary to produce monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) enriched eggs.

Effect of leaf essential oil of Coccinia indica on egg hatchability and different larval instars of malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi

Objective:To assess the larvicidal and egg hatching inhibition property of the leaf essential oil of Cocrinia indica（C.indica） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi）.Methods:The larvicidal potential of C.indica leaf essential oil was evaluated against 1st.2nd.3rd and 4th instars larvae of An.stephensi using WHO protocol.The 24h LC50and LC90 values of the essential oil were determined following probit analysis.The egg hatching inhibition activity was also tested at 10.20.40.and 60 mg/L The IC50 value of essential oil was determined against eggs of An. stephensi.Results:The essential oil extracted from C.indica possessed excellent larvicidal and egg hatching inhibition activity against An.stephensi.The bioassays showed LC50—LC90of 54.3- 140.3.65.5-155.6,86.8-180.7 and 95.3-192.6 for 1 st.2nd.3rd.and 4th larval insiars.respectively. The 5095 egg hatching inhibition concentration(IC50) was noted at 16.5 mg/L.Conclusions:The present finding suggest that the C.indica leaf essential oil provided an excellent potential for controlling An.slephemi mosquito at earlier stage of their life cycle.

Effect of Time and Fatty Acid Composition in Eggs of White Leghorn Hens Supplemented with Tuna Oil

The study evaluated the effect of time and fatty acid (FA) composition in eggs of laying hens supplemented with tuna oil (TO). Two hundred White Leghorn hens 30-week were divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments were assigned randomly and consisted of 0%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25% and 3% TO in commercial sorghum-soybean meal diets, in which the soybean oil was partially replaced. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. At days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment, 10 eggs per replicate were collected for chemical analysis. Feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, and feed conversion were not influenced by dietary treatment. FA content was significantly altered (P < 0.05) by TO, showing a progressive increase in egg n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic [EPA] acids) when TO was added. Levels of EPA and DHA were higher (P < 0.05) in the egg lipids of TO fed hens than those in the control group. This was correlated (P < 0.05) with the concentration of TO in the diet. However, no significant differences were observed either in egg weight or percent of egg lay between groups. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level in the diet and the incorporation of EPA (r = 0.96) or DHA (r = 0.92) into the egg yolk and an overall decrease in n-6 FA. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level and the incorporation of linoleic acid (LA, r = -0.95) or arachidonic acid (AA, r = -0.96) into the egg yolk. The highest incorporation (P < 0.05) of total n-3 FA content in eggs was obtained with 3% TO/kg. This increase was proportional to TO inclusion levels in the diets (r = 0.95). The results indicate that the n-3 FA content in eggs can be increased by dietary supplementation with TO, and that TO can serve as a reasonable alternative feed ingredient in layer diets to produce a healthier choice of egg.

Modeling and Simulation of High Power Ultrasonic Process in Preparation of Stable Oil-in-Water Emulsion

The aims of this research are to study application of high power ultrasound in preparation of stable oil-in-water emulsion. The effect of pH, ionic strength, pectin, Guar gum, lecithin, egg yolk, and xanthan gum as well as the time of sonication, temperature and viscosity of oil-water mixture on the specific surface area and size of droplets, and creaming index of the emulsion samples was investigated. The experimental data were analyzed with Taguchi method and optimum conditions were determined. In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to modeling and categorizes the properties of the resulted emulsion. The results showed that increasing sonication time narrowed the range of droplets size distribution. Pectin and xanthan enhanced the stability of emulsion, although they had different impacts on the emulsion stability when used individually or together. Guar gum improved the viscosity of the continuous phase. Emulsions stabilized by egg yolk were found to be stable to droplet flocculation at pH 3 and at relatively low salt concentrations.

Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Cymbopogon validus(Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy from Eastern Cape, South Africa

Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus(C. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods: A total of 300 g of fresh or dry(leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg-albumin induced paw edema. Results: The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GCMS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone(37.5%), linalool(3.2%-29.6%), northujane(4.4%-16.8%), verbenone(13.5%), naphthalene(1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene(0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol(5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol(6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant(P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.

Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes Essential Oil on Some Reproductive Parameters in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

To assess the effect of ginger rhizomes essential oil on some reproductive parameters of laying birds, 80 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 3 weeks and weighing between 120 - 130 g were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. From 3 till 13 weeks, birds in group 1 (control) received distilled water orally (100 μl/kg body weight), while the other three test groups during the same period, received respectively by gavage 50, 100 and 150 μl of ginger roots essential oil per kg body weight. At 11 weeks old, eight birds per group in each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered, blood samples collected for analysis. On the other hand, the remaining females were maintained 3 with one untreated male in identical boxes per treatment, for fertility assessment, eggs characteristics and hatchability traits. Throughout the experiment, biochemical parameters, eggs characteristics, fertility and hatchability traits were analyzed. No significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during the experimental period for body and relative ovary weights. Contrary, the relative uterus weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner. The level of serum total proteins, LH, FSH and estradiol significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Also, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, total hatchability and chick’s weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in birds received 100 and 150 μl/kg b.w compared to those of control group. On the other hand, embryonic mortality decreased significantly (p < 0.05) whatever the ginger rhizomes essential oil dose. It was concluded that ginger rhizomes essential oil enhances bird reproductive performances, proteins and reproductive hormone levels and hatchability traits in treated female quails.

寄生虫虫卵悬液永久封制玻片标本制作方法探索

目的:探索寄生虫虫卵液永久玻片封制标本的最佳制作方法。方法:在现有研究的基础上,改良虫卵悬液保存配方,再结合不同封片方法制作虫卵玻片标本,保存1 a后,再对其制作效果对进行观察。结果:用体积分数为50%的鸡蛋清、40%的福尔马林、10%的甘油配制的蛋白甘油液保存虫卵,再进行石蜡圈+树胶双封片制作效果最佳。结论:经比较发现虫卵保存液中甘油的含量多少对于虫卵永久封制玻片标本效果的影响很大,其次封制方法对于虫卵液的长期保存也尤为重要。

蛋黄油联合清热解毒汤外洗在肛周脓肿术后创面愈合中的应用

目的基于创面肉芽组织中生长因子探讨蛋黄油联合清热解毒中药外洗对肛周脓肿患者术后创面愈合的促进作用。方法选取我院2023年1月至5月收治的80例肛周脓肿手术患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。术后3 d,对照组予以清热解毒中药外洗,凡士林纱布换药等常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用蛋黄油治疗,连续治疗7 d。比较2组临床疗效、临床症状改善情况及不同时间点创面恢复情况、血清炎性细胞因子、创面肉芽组织相关因子表达水平。结果观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(95%vs.75%,P<0.05);观察组创面瘙痒消失、腐肉脱落、新生上皮出现及愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);术后7 d、10 d观察组疼痛程度、创面分泌物、肉芽形态及周围组织水肿评分较对照组显著下降(P<0.05);术后7 d、10 d观察组血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平低于对照组(P<0.05),创面肉芽组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子-2(FGF-2)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论蛋黄油联合清热解毒中药外洗能显著改善肛周脓肿患者的临床症状,促进创面愈合,治疗效果显著,可能与抑制炎性细胞因子表达、促进创面肉芽组织生长因子表达有关。

蛋黄油的古今应用及研究进展

蛋黄油的应用伴随着中医药的发展而发展。中医在应用蛋黄油治疗一些疾病,尤其是皮肤病、烧烫伤、及其创面难愈方面的疾病,药效更显著,作用更为突出。现代药理学研究表明,蛋黄油具有抗炎、镇痛、促进创面愈合等作用。由于蛋黄油在临床使用过程中对多种疾病的显著疗效,进一步推动了蛋黄油在临床更大范围的使用。

棘胸蛙卵油脂的提取及其体外抗氧化活性研究

试验旨在研究棘胸蛙卵油脂的体外抗氧化活性。以棘胸蛙卵为原料,采用索氏提取法提取棘胸蛙卵中的油脂,通过正交试验优化提取工艺,并对提取到的油脂进行体外抗氧化活性检验。结果显示,通过正交试验得出最佳提取条件为:采用石油醚(60~90)作为提取溶剂,提取温度为75℃,液料比为24mL/g,持续提取7h。体外抗氧化试验显示,棘胸蛙卵油脂对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC_(50)值)为298.907g/L,清除羟基自由基的IC_(50)值为1.176g/L,清除超氧阴离子自由基的IC_(50)值为12.400g/L。研究表明,棘胸蛙卵油具备一定的体外抗氧化性能,在天然抗氧化剂领域具有潜在的应用价值。

单一或复合植物精油在蛋禽生产中的应用研究进展

在饲料端禁抗的背景下,禽蛋需求的大量化、多样性使蛋禽养殖者越来越注重提升蛋品质。目前,植物精油作为抗生素的优势替代品,在畜禽养殖中得到较多的关注。文章从单一或复合植物精油对蛋禽产蛋性能、蛋品质等方面的影响进行了归纳分析,以期为植物精油在蛋禽生产中的推广应用提供参考。

复合植物精油对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合植物精油对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。选用体重相近、产蛋后期(362~368日龄)的大午金凤蛋鸡13664只,随机分为2组,对照组和复合植物精油组,每组4个重复,每个重复1708只。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,复合植物精油组在基础饲粮中添加复合植物精油。正式试验期14 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,复合植物精油组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),平均蛋重有增加的趋势(P>0.05),沙壳蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),料蛋比降低(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,复合植物精油组鸡蛋的蛋黄比例显著降低(P<0.05),蛋壳强度有升高趋势;复合植物精油组鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色、硬度、湿润感显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加复合植物精油可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质。

蛋黄磷脂与紫苏籽油复配对维持大鼠血脂健康水平的影响

旨在为动物源性与植物源性脂质复配保健品的研发提供参考,以高脂饮食诱导建立SD大鼠混合型高脂血症动物模型,揭示蛋黄磷脂与紫苏籽油复配对维持大鼠血脂健康水平的影响。将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型对照组和蛋黄磷脂与紫苏籽油复配受试物低、中、高剂量组,分析大鼠的体质量、肝脏指数、血脂水平、体成分以及肝脏中脂滴含量。结果表明:给予蛋黄磷脂与紫苏籽油复配受试物45d,各组大鼠的体质量无显著差异,但受试物中、高剂量组大鼠的肝脏指数,各剂量组大鼠的血清总胆固醇(TC)水平以及高剂量组大鼠血清的甘油三酯(TG)水平均显著低于模型对照组,且TC和TG水平的降低趋势与受试物剂量之间存在显著的剂量-效应关系,而各剂量组大鼠血清的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)无显著变化;各剂量组大鼠体内的脂肪占比较模型对照组均下降,瘦体质量占比上升,但均无显著差异;各剂量组大鼠的肝脏脂滴含量较模型对照组均极显著降低。综上,蛋黄磷脂与紫苏籽油复配受试物有助于维持大鼠的血脂健康水平。

中国林蛙卵油的中枢抑制作用

目的揭示CO2 超临界萃取的中国林蛙卵油 (eggoilofRanatemporariachensinensisDavid ,EORTCD)的镇静和抗惊厥作用。方法通过自主活动监测、协同巴比妥催眠和士的宁诱发惊厥等实验 ,探索中国林蛙卵油的药效和最大效能 ,并与安定、佳静安定进行比较。结果EORTCD对小鼠自主活动有明显的抑制作用 ,对戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠有协同效果 ,显著对抗士的宁引起的小鼠惊厥反应 ,通过最大效能比较EORTCD的抗惊厥潜伏期长于安定和佳静安定 ,最大效能三者在同一水平。结论EORTCD具有显著的中枢抑制作用 ,对惊厥动物产生保护作用。

磁电辅助快速腌制咸鸭蛋的工艺

为了实现咸蛋的快速腌制,采用磁电辅助的方法对鸭蛋进行处理,考察了不同体系场强（1~3 V/cm）、电场频率（50~200 Hz）、磁场强度（0.026~0.13 T）和磁场频率（1~10 Hz）对鸭蛋盐分和出油率的影响,结果表明：在试验条件范围内,体系电压和磁场强度越高则利于样品获得更高的盐分和出油率,在体系电压3 V/cm,磁场强度0.09 T时腌制效果较佳,腌制时交变电场和旋转磁场的较适频率值分别为100和5 Hz,蛋清、蛋黄盐分最高各自为5.73%和0.79%,蛋黄出油率则可达17.84%,较常规腌制和真空腌制有显著提高（P〈0.05）,具体表现为（7 d时）：相对于常规腌制和真空腌制对照样,蛋清盐分质量分数分别为其4.9倍和1.2倍,而蛋黄盐分质量分数则分别为其3.1倍和1.3倍,蛋黄出油率分别提高了2.3倍和0.5倍,研究结果为咸蛋的快速腌制提供了一种新的参考方法。

中国林蛙卵油的抗焦虑作用

目的研究中国林蛙卵油 (eggoilofRanatemporariachensinensisDavid ,EORTCD)的抗焦虑作用。方法应用高架十字迷路和小鼠爬梯实验评价中国林蛙卵油的抗焦虑活性及其量效、时效关系。结果与对照组比较 ,EORTCD 2 0、4 0 g·kg-1能显著延长大鼠在十字迷路开放通路连续停留时间 ,增加大鼠进入开放通路次数 ,而对封闭通路连续停留时间和进入封闭通路次数无明显影响 ;小鼠爬梯实验中 ,EORTCD 1 4～5 6g·kg-1组小鼠站立数明显减少而爬梯数无显著差异 ;EORTCD抗焦虑时效实验表明在给药后 3 0、60min抗焦虑活性较强 ;γ 氨基丁酸 (γ aminobutyricacid ,GABA) 5 0、1 0 0mg·kg-1分别与EORTCD 1 2 g·kg-1联合给药组的小鼠站立数显著降低而爬梯数无显著减少 ,且比单独给予EORTCD组小鼠站立数少。结论中国林蛙卵油有明显抗焦虑作用。

咸鸭蛋快速腌制工艺优化研究

通过研究在不同压力、温度及酒精浓度的腌制条件下,鸭蛋腌制过程中的含盐量、蛋黄指数、含油量和蛋清pH值及黏度的变化,得出咸蛋生产周期与压力、温度及酒精浓度的关系。并根据正交试验优化生产工艺,得出了一种缩短咸鸭蛋加工周期的方法:在压力0.13MPa,温度35℃,酒浓度5%条件下腌制约5d左右即成熟。

水相酶法提取蛋黄油工艺的响应面分析法研究

采用蛋白酶水解鲜鸡蛋蛋黄提取蛋黄油,通过响应曲面分析法建立蛋黄油提取率的二次多项数学模型,并考察酶添加比例、底物质量浓度和反应时间对蛋黄油提取率的影响,优化出蛋黄油提取率达到56.81%的工艺参数:酶添加比例为2.04%,底物质量浓度为20.28%,反应时间为14 h。

咸鸭蛋快速熟化技术研究

采用5%醋酸浸泡鸭蛋,溶解蛋壳外膜,增加蛋壳的通透性。再采用分步式腌制工艺,既先用饱和食盐水腌制,再用10g/100mL和15g/100mL食盐溶液腌制。并考察腌制过程中鸭蛋的含油量、含盐量及蛋黄指数的变化。结果表明:醋酸浸泡的鸭蛋先用饱和食盐水腌制11d,再在10g/100mL和15g/100mL食盐溶液中腌制7d左右,咸鸭蛋的品质不仅良好,而且腌制时间比传统工艺缩短两周左右。

中国林蛙卵油抗士的宁惊厥的机制

目的揭示CO2超临界萃取的中国林蛙卵油(Rana temporaria chensinensis Davidegg oil,EORTCD)抗士的宁惊厥作用的机制。方法以士的宁为致惊剂,评价中国林蛙卵油抗惊厥活性的时效和量效关系。通过利血平耗竭单胺神经递质和奥单西隆阻断5-HT3受体,在士的宁致惊厥的小鼠模型中探讨中国林蛙卵油抗惊厥作用机制。结果中国林蛙卵油给予动物30 min,其抗惊厥作用效果最好。中国林蛙卵油抗惊厥作用呈现良好的剂量-效应关系;利血平耗竭单胺递质后,EORTCD对抗士的宁惊厥的效应消失;奥丹西隆阻断5-HT3受体后,再给EORTCD 1.4 g.kg-1,EOTCD的抗士的宁惊厥作用也被阻断。而高剂量组EORTCD未受奥丹西隆阻断。结论高、低剂量EORTCD抗惊厥作用可能启动不同的通路。低剂量EORTCD抗士的宁惊厥可能与5-HT3受体有关。