Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers

Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary.Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station,seven different fertilization treatments including CK(no fertilization),NPK(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer),M(cow manure),NPKM(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium with cow manure),NPM(nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure),NKM(nitrogen and potassium with cow manure),and PKM(phosphorus and potassium with cow manure)were applied to study the effects on rice yield,soil fertility,and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field.The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM,NPM,NKM,PKM,M,NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6214 to 11562 kg ha-1.Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were 22.58,15.35,10.53 and 4.41%,respectively,greater than under the NPK treatment.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer(NPK)treatments.Soil total phosphorus(TP)and available phosphorus(AP)contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment(NPKM,NPM and PKM)were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK treatments).The average annual rice yield(11562 kg ha-1),SOC(20.88 g kg-1),TN(2.30 g kg-1),TP(0.95 g kg-1),TK(22.50 g kg-1)and AP(38.94 mg kg-1)concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment.The soil AN concentration(152.40 mg kg-1)and AK contentration(151.00 mg kg-1)were the highest in the NKM treatment.N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments.Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium.Correlation analysis showed that SOC,TN,AN,TP,and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield;the correlation coefficients were 0.428,0.496,0.518,0.501,and 0.438,respectively.This study showed that the combined application of N,P,and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility,but balanced application of N,P,and K with cow manure was required.

Effect of Balanced Application of Potash Fertilizer on the Yield of Rice Yongyou 15 and Soil Nutrient Content

By the field experiment,we set up the treatments of non-application of potash fertilizer,conventional fertilization,balanced fertilization and halved application of potash fertilizer,and studied the effect of different treatments on rice yield and soil nutrient content. The results showed that compared with non-application of potash fertilizer,conventional fertilization and balanced fertilization significantly increased the spike length,thousand kernel weight,yield and total potassium content of the stalk,as well as soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content; compared with conventional fertilization,the balanced fertilization did not significantly increase the rice growth and yield,but effectively increased rice grain total nitrogen,stalk total nitrogen and total phosphorus content,as well as soil available phosphorus and available potassium content. It could be found that potash fertilizer played a certain role in increasing rice yield and soil nutrient content,and the balanced fertilization had the most significant effect.

The effects of straw‑returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton

Background:Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium(K)demand for crop growth in the field,but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen(C–N)balance of cotton and the reproductive growth.To address this,field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar,Siza 3,under there treatments(CK as control group one,no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied;K150 as control group two,150 kg·ha^(-1) of K2O was applied;and W9000,9000 kg·ha^(-1) wheat straw,which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha^(-1),was incorporated into soil).Results:Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150,W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass(RRT),suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs.The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher,but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3%and 2.5%∼8.2%lower under W9000 than K150.Also,the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass(T)was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150,which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000.Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period,so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150.Consequently,lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting(BSS)and boll-opening(BOS)stages.Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities,and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation.However,less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages.This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application,which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150.The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars,hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150.Conclusion:Under low K condition,crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink,leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.

Effects of Grape Balanced Nutrition Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wine Grapes

In this study,the wine grapes balanced nutrient fertilizer(BNF)was designed according to the wine grape nutritional requirements in different growth stages,and objected to reduce fertilizer application rate of wine grape cultivation,improve fertilizer utilization rate,achieve stable yield and improve the quality of wine grapes.The experiment was carried out at the Great Wall Sanggan Winery,and the Aristocratic Winery.The experiment was designed with two treatments:Namely BNF treatment,and the traditional fertilization(CK).We investigated the effects of BNF on the quality of wine grapes by examining the plant traits of wine grapes in different experimental areas during the growing season,the fruit traits at maturity,and determined the contents of VC,organic acids,amino acids,flavonoids,soluble total sugars,soluble solids,tannins,total phenols and catechins.The results show that:①The application of grape BNF greatly reduced the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while the vine had no fertilizer deficiency phenomenon;②It increased the single fruit weight,the ear weight and yield to varying degrees,and the yield increase range was between 12% and 41%;③The wine grapes with BNF had the following characteristics:tight infructescence,even color,small fruit less,no fruit dropped,strong fruit colloid feeling,better aroma and taste;④It greatly improved the quality of wine grapes,and increased the content of soluble solids,soluble total sugar,organic acids,VC,total phenols,flavonoids,amino acids and tannins in fruits;⑤It greatly increased the total catechin content of"Riesling"and"Syrah",and had no significant effects on the catechin content of"Merlot"and"Cabernet Sauvignon".In summary,the application of grape BNF has certain practical significance for guiding the production of local wine grapes,ensuring the yield while improving the quality,increasing the income and reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization.

Field Efficiency Trial of Microbial Fertilizer against Eggplant Verticillium Wilt

The control effect of microbial fertilizer on eggplant verticillium wilt was studied through investigation of disease index and diseased plant rate. The reiults showed that the disease index and diseased plant rate of eggplant verticillium wilt were the lowest in the plots with substrate treatment and root-irrigation treatnent. The control effects in the plots with substrate treatment were higher than those in the plots with only root irrigation treatment. Moreover, higher concentration of microbial fertilizer resulted in better control effect and higher yield. Thus, the microbial fertilizer had a broad application prospect.

Response of Tef (<i>Eragrostis tef</i>(Zucc.) Trotter) to Balanced Fertilizer in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Tef is grown as an important domestic cereal in Ethiopia. Currently, global attention is given for it particularly as a “health food” due to the absence of gluten and gluten like proteins in its grains. Regardless of its wider adaptation, productivity of tef is low in the country with the national average grain yield of 1.379 tons·ha-1. This is mainly because of low soil fertility and severe organic matter depletion intensified by low rate of chemical fertilizer application. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of balanced fertilizers on the yield, yield components of tef and to determine economic feasibility for tef production in Wolaita. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sixteen treatments replicated three times. The treatments consist of factorial combinations of four rates of K (Potassium) (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg/ha) and four rates of NPSB (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Boron) (0, 50, 100, 200 kg/ha) fertilizers. Fertilizer types such as urea (46-0-0), NPSB (18.9-37.7-6.95-0.1) and K (0-0-60) were used as a source of nutrients. The soil analysis result indicated that, most of the nutrients are below optimum level to support the potential crop production. This may be related with reduced farm management practices and continuous cropping with little or no fertilizers input. In this study, it was found that, the combined application of NPSB and K fertilizers had a significant effect on growth, yield and yield components of tef. Among the treatments studied, NPSB (100 Kg/ha) and K (50 Kg/ha) gave greater grain yield. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced growth and yield related parameters compared to the control treatment. Thus, it is conceivable to recommend each to attain greater grain yield of tef in the study area. However, it is desirable to undertake further research across soil type, years and locations to appeal comprehensive recommendation on a wider scale.

Carbon cycle in response to residue management and fertilizer application in a cotton field in arid Northwest China

Understanding the influence of farming practices on carbon(C) cycling is important for maintaining soil quality and mitigating climate change, especially in arid regions where soil infertility, water deficiency, and climate change had significantly influenced on agroecosystem. A field experiment was set up in 2009 to examine the influence of residue management and fertilizer application on the C cycle in a cotton field in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China. The study included two residue management practices(residue incorporation(S) and residue removal(NS)) and four fertilizer treatments(no fertilizer(CK), organic manure(OM), chemical fertilizer(NPK), chemical fertilizer plus organic manure(NPK+OM)). Soil organic carbon(SOC) and some of its labile fractions, soil CO_2 flux, and canopy apparent photosynthesis were measured during the cotton growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that SOC, labile SOC fractions, canopy apparent photosynthesis, and soil CO_2 emission were significantly greater in S+NPK+OM(residue incorporation+chemical fertilizer) than in the other treatments. Analysis of all data showed that canopy apparent photosynthesis and soil CO_2 emission increased as SOC increased. The S+OM(residue incorporation+organic manure) and S+NPK+OM treatments were greater for soil C sequestration, whereas the other treatments resulted in soil C loss. The S+NPK treatment is currently the standard management practice in Xinjiang. The results of this study indicate that S+NPK cannot offset soil C losses due to organic matter decomposition and autotrophic respiration. Residue return combined with NPK fertilizer and organic manure application is the preferred strategy in arid regions for increasing soil C sequestration.

Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China

Phosphorus（P） is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment（started 1980） to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen（N） and potassium（K）, only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including： C0（control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure）, CNK treatment（mineral N and K only）, CNPK（balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K）, MNK（integrated organic manure and mineral N and K）, and MNPK（organic manure plus balanced fertilization）. The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P（TP） and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg^（–1）, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.

Study on the Balanced Fertilization forCorn in Black SoilRegion

Regressive models were obtained by employing '311 B' and '3414' optimal regressive desingns through 5 year (1993～1997) field experiment,and by datum processing with computer.These models express the relationships between corn yields in high,middle and low yield areas and N,P,and K application rates in black soil.By analysis to the models,the fertilizer application rates for maximum yield and optimal yield were achieved.

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Fertilizers on Nutrient Levels in Celery and Soil under Drip Irrigation

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ＇absorption and distribution by celeo, and the changes of soil nutrients in the 0 -40 cm soil layer under drip irrigation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management of greenhouse celery culti- vation and special fertilizer development. With celery as an experiment material and the ratio of conventional fertilization as control treatment, the effects of different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutrient absorption by celery and changes of soil nutrients were investigated by plot experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that the contents and distribution proportions of N and P in leaf were higher than those in stem, while for K, the content and distribution proportion were higher in stem than in leaf. The absorption amount of K was the highest in celery, followed by N, and the absorption amount of P element was the least. The mean ratio of N, P and K in celery was 1：0.556： 1.609. There were evident dynamic changes in contents of soil available nutrients in the 0 -20 cm soil layer in various growth stages of celery under different drip irrigation fertilizers. The contents of soil available nutrients were higher on the 28＇h , 47~ and 83＇h d ＂after fieht planting, while those before field planting and after harvest were lower. So the amounts of soil available nutrients were closely related to the growth stage of celery. In the whole growth period of celery, the mean input amounts of N, P205 and K20 were 805, 1 049 and 916 kg/hm2 , respectively, but the absorption amounts of nutrients by celery were far less than inputs, and the amounts of N, P205 and K20 absorbed by celery＂ were only 23% -26% , 10% and 31% -35% of the appli- cation amounts, respectively. The apparent balance of N, P2 O5 and Kz O were 613,943 and 609 kg/hm2 , respectively, indicating excess fertilization in this experi- ment. Under this experiment condition, Tj （ N： PzOs： K20 = 1 ： 0.63： 1.08） favored increase of celery yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and petassium by celery. The results will provide a scientific basis for study and utilization of special fertilizer for drip irrigation on celery. Key words Drip irrigation; Fertilizer for drip irrigation; Celery; Soil nutrient; Apparent balance

Regulation and decision system of water, fertilizer and salt in salinized farmland based on WebGIS

In this paper, aiming at the problems of insufficient soil nutrients and high salt content in Wudi core demonstration area of Bohai Granary, a monitoring and management system of water, fertilizer and salt in saline-alkaline farmland based on WebGIS was established in order to monitor and control water, fertilizer and salt. Based on the Windows.NET platform, using B/S mode of operation architecture and Visual Studio 2010 as the software development environment, the related components in ArcGIS Engine were invoked by ArcGIS API for Silverlirht, and the WEB system was developed by C# and XMAL language. Based on the principle of water, fertilizer and salt balance, a monitoring model and a regulation model for water, salt and nutrients were established. Intelligent analysis and application of farmland soil data were realized, and a precision agriculture system with data query, early warning diagnosis, monitoring and control of water, fertilizer and salt was formed. And the "water and salt homologue, water supply due to demand, adequate and multiple" irrigation scheme and the salt and alkali reduction scheme of "synergistic conditioning of agents and nutrients" and a nutrient regulation plan for "stabilizing nitrogen, increasing phosphorus, supplementing potassium at the discretion" and "quick-acting combining slow release" were put forward. Compared with the period without monitoring and control of water and salt, the effect of water saving and fertilizer saving was improved, and the yield of wheat and maize was also significantly increased. It provided guidance for local users to increase crop production and income, and greatly improved the utilization of resources and grain production.

Balanced Fertilization and the Effect of Fertilization on Water Use Efficiency of Upland Winter Wheat in Western Henan, China

A study on balanced fertilization was conducted by means of long-term field experiments, and a convenient table for balanced fertilization was compiled. The experimental results about the effect of fertilization on water use efficiency of upland wheat showed that the input of inorganic fertilizer should be reduced in dry years.

基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制可行性分析

为进一步提高我国农业水肥一体机的综合作业效率,实现用水量与施肥量的混合浓度最优配置,以模糊策略为设计基点,针对整机控制展开可行性分析研究。以整机作业架构组成为基础,考虑灌溉施肥同步过程的水肥动态平衡,搭建正确的模糊策略模型,进行系统的软件设计与硬件匹配。通过升级型水肥一体机实施灌施作业的效果验证,结果表明:基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制系统整体试验过程顺畅,灌施的肥液均匀度可相对提升8.77%,系统对于各监测参数的响应度与稳定性均保持在90%以上,验证了设计的可行性;试验中节水率和肥料利用率分别较模糊策略应用前提升至91.70%和93.15%,整体灌施效率良好,说明了此模糊策略应用设计的优越性。研究结果对于实现水肥一体装备的智能控制水平向纵深提升具有很好的参考价值。

不同磷肥对镉胁迫下茄子苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响

探究在石灰性土壤中施加不同磷肥对镉胁迫下茄子苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响,为选出合理有效的磷肥、缓解镉毒害作用提供依据。采用盆栽试验,使用黄土状石灰性褐土种植茄子,通过双因素分析法研究了4种磷肥[磷酸一铵(MAP)、过磷酸钙(SSP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸氢钙(DCP)]和4个施磷水平[0、0.15、0.25、0.35 g·kg^(-1)(以每千克土中P含量计),分别用P0、P1、P2、P3表示]在土壤镉(5 mg·kg^(-1)Cd)环境下,对茄子苗期叶片中叶绿素、光合作用、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的影响。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫下茄子叶片中叶绿素受损,通过施加不同磷肥,叶绿素含量均呈增长趋势,在SSP施磷类型P3水平下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量分别增加57%、120%、53%和76%。不同磷肥均显著提高光合作用的强度,降低Cd的胁迫。具体来看,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)均表现为MAP≥DAP≥SSP>DCP,MAP施磷类型P3水平下,Pn为17.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),Gs为0.2 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),蒸腾速率(Tr)在DCP施磷类型P3水平下,较P0增加了165%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)在DAP施磷类型P3水平下提高幅度最为明显,较P0提高了28%。施用磷肥可以显著增加抗氧化酶系统的活性,但不同磷肥对抗氧化酶系统活性的提升效果不同,其中磷酸二铵对MDA含量的降低幅度最为明显,为41%;磷酸一铵对SOD、POD和CAT活性的增加最显著,分别增加了43%、106%和66%;过磷酸钙对APX和GR的活性增幅最大,分别为54%和93%。因此,施加不同磷肥可以缓解Cd胁迫下对茄子叶片的毒害,增强光合作用,提高抗氧化酶活性的作用。

生物菌肥施用对茄子生长发育及土壤环境的影响

为提高设施茄子的品质和产量,探索合适的施肥方案,以晋圆茄5号为试验材料,研究生物菌肥(处理)和化肥处理(对照)对茄子生长发育、土壤养分、土壤微生物、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,施用生物菌肥后茄子株高、开展度、茎粗、叶面积分别为121.24 cm、88.6 cm、30.6 mm、3.58 m^(2),与对照相比分别极显著提高21.19%、35.89%、20.00%、61.99%。在测定的3个时期,化肥处理的土壤pH变化较小,生物菌肥处理后pH由7.74下降至7.44,偏中性。2个处理的土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾、速效氮含量均随着茄子生长进程不断升高,菌肥处理均极显著高于化肥处理。与施用化肥相比,生物菌肥处理还极显著提高细菌总数、放线菌总数及细菌/真菌比例,降低真菌数量,缓解了土壤菌群不平衡现象。同时生物菌肥处理的茄子果实纤维素含量降低,而可溶性糖、维生素C和可溶性蛋白含量及产量均极显著高于施用化肥处理。综上,施用生物菌肥提高了土壤养分含量,缓解了土壤菌群不平衡现象,促进了茄子生长发育,最终提高了茄子品质和产量。研究结果为茄子的优质高效栽培提供了合理的施肥方案。

氮肥对宽幅增密燕麦氮平衡指数、光合特性及产量的影响

【目的】明确内蒙古阴山南麓地区宽幅增密燕麦高产的最佳施氮模式。【方法】采用双因素试验设计:设5个施氮水平(N1:35 kg/hm^(2)、N2:70 kg/hm^(2)、N3:105 kg/hm^(2)、N4:140 kg/hm^(2)、N5:175 kg/hm^(2))和2个追氮时期(T1:分蘖期、T2:孕穗期),分析不同施氮水平和追氮时期对各生育期燕麦氮平衡指数(NBI)、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】生育中后期,燕麦净光合速率和NBI值均随着施氮量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势;灌浆期,以T2处理N4施氮水平光合能力最好,但与N3施氮水平相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。同等施氮量下,T2处理燕麦生育中后期的叶片净光合速率和NBI值较T1处理分别提高1.40%~11.97%和9.82%~23.26%,均以N3施氮水平增幅最大。与T1处理相比,T2处理燕麦产量构成因素协同提高,籽粒产量提高了3.99%~9.10%,其中N4施氮水平籽粒产量最高为3901.13 kg/hm^(2),但与N3相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。相关性分析表明,抽穗期和灌浆期,燕麦叶绿素指数(Chl)和NBI值与产量呈极显著正相关关系,且灌浆期相关系数更高。【结论】内蒙古阴山南麓地区宽幅增密种植模式下燕麦生产的适宜施氮量为105~140 kg/hm^(2),最佳追氮时期为孕穗期。

叶面喷施不同配比微肥对小麦生长和产量的影响

小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,土壤微量元素养分是限制小麦生长和产量的重要因素。叶面喷施适宜比例的微肥对促进小麦生长、提高小麦产量具有重要意义。采用正交试验设计,探究了叶面喷施不同比例的微肥对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果发现,叶面喷施四硼酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜和钼酸铵均对小麦生长和产量有显著影响。高硼、高锌和适当铁配比的微肥更有利于提高小麦产量;硼促进植物水分和养分吸收,促进植物根系生长发育,为小麦穗部生长提供了营养条件;高浓度锌有利于小麦叶绿素和生长激素的合成,增加小麦株高、穗长、穗数和穗粒数;适宜比例的锌和铁叶面喷施能提高小麦穗粒数和籽粒产量。根据极差分析得出6种微肥的最佳施用水平分别为四硼酸钠4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锌4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锰0.75 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸亚铁2.25 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸铜0.75 kg/hm^(2)、钼酸铵0.75 kg/hm^(2)。综合6种微肥的施用水平,18个处理中叶面喷施四硼酸钠4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锌1.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锰0.75 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸亚铁2.25 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸铜1.125 kg/hm^(2)和钼酸铵1.125 kg/hm^(2)配比的微肥下小麦产量最高,为10259.09 kg/hm^(2),高于其他处理0.07%~16.54%,此研究可为丰富小麦高产栽培技术提供理论依据。

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对紫甘蓝产量、品质及干物质和养分分配的影响

【目的】筛选西北高原紫甘蓝提质增效的适宜施肥模式。【方法】以紫甘蓝品种紫宝为试验材料,共设5个施肥处理,分别为不施肥(CK0),当地常规施肥(CK1),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+400 kg/667m2生物有机肥(T400),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+600 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥(T600),化肥减量30%平衡施肥+800 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥(T800),测定分析紫甘蓝产量、品质、干物质和养分吸收积累。【结果】与CK1相比,T600处理的株高、茎粗和叶片数分别提高了5.00%、12.5%和17.39%;维生素C,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别提高了19.09%、9.35%和18.87%。紫甘蓝的经济效益以T600处理最佳,较CK1提高了982.96元/667 m^(2)。T600处理总干物质积累量较CK1提高10.43%,叶球氮素、磷素、钾素积累量分提高了7.49%、18.75%和12.86%。【结论】化肥减量30%平衡施肥+600 kg/667 m^(2)生物有机肥能够促进紫甘蓝养分合理分配和吸收积累,提质增产效果显著,经济效益最高。