THE ILLUSTRATION CALCULATIONS OF SECOND ORDER EFFECTS IN ELASTIC HALF-SPACE ACTED UPON BY A NON-UNIFORM SHEAR LOAD

This paper is a continuation of [1]. An example is discussed in derail to illustrate the second order effects. Numerical calculations for the second order elastic material for the z-direction displacement and the stress t(rz) are carried out. It is found that the second order effect is to reduce z-direction displacement and to decrease t(rz)inside the circle but to increase its value outside the circle.

THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF SECOND ORDER EFFECTS IN ELASTIC HALF-SPACE ACTED UPON BY A NON-UNIFORM SHEAR LOAD

This paper is a continuation of [1]. A closed form solution to the second order elasticity problem, when an isotropic compressible elastic half-space undergoes a deformation owing to a non-uniformly distributed shear load, is presented. The method of integral transform is employed to determine the solutions.

Dynamic Stress and Pore Pressure Around Circular Cavity in Saturated Porous Elastic Half-space Under Harmonic Plane Dilatational Waves

Dynamic stress concentration and pore pressure concentration around an infinitely long cylindrical cavity of circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane dilatational waves in fluid-saturated porous elastic half-space were obtained by a complex function method based on potential function and multi-polar coordinate. The steady state Biot’s dynamic field equations of porous elastic solid with a viscous liquid were uncoupled into Helmholtz equations via given potential functions. A circular cavity with large radius is used to replace the straight boundary of the saturated porous elastic half-space. The stresses and pore pressures were obtained by using complex functions in multi-polar coordinates with certain boundary conditions of the solid matrix and the fluid matrix. The approximate solutions were compared to existing numerical solutions. Then the variations of the coefficients of dynamic stress concentration and the pore pressures concentration on boundaries of the cavity were discussed with different parameter conditions. The results of the given numerical example indicate that the method used is useful and efficient to the scattering and dynamic stress concentration of plane dilatational waves in saturated porous elastic half-space.

Non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate on layered transversely isotropic saturated ground

The non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate resting on a layered transversely isotropic saturated ground was studied. First, the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soils were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth, and the state equation is established by Hankel integral transform method, furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media are derived based on the solutions of the state equation. Secondly, by the transfer matrixes, the general solutions of dynamic response for layered transversely isotropic saturated ground excited by an arbitrary harmonic force were established under the boundary conditions, drainage conditions on the surface of ground as well as the contact conditions. Thirdly, the problem was led to a pair of dual integral equations describing the mixed boundaryvalue problem which can be reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind solved by numerical procedure easily. At the end of this paper, a numerical result concerning vertical and radical displacements both the surface of saturated ground and plate is evaluated.

RESEARCH ON COMPLICATED DAM FOUNDATION DURING EXCAVATION WITH THREE DIMENSION VISCO ELASTIC PLASTIC CONDENSED FEM

On the basis of the two geological factors rock structure and ground stress environment,a visco elastic plastic model is established to analyze the rock stability of dam foundation and dam abutment during excavation by a kind of FE condensed method.Rock mechanics is applied in analysing the dynamic process of displacements,stresses,yielding destruction of construction base level,soft interface of dam foundation.Results of the FE analysis indicate that theories and methods in this paper are reasonable and reliable.

Scaling of residual displacements in terms of elastic and inelastic spectral displacements for existing SDOF systems

Structures undergoing inelastic displacements during earthquake ground motions are known to sustain some amount of residual displacements, which may make them unusable or unsafe. In this study an attempt is made to estimate residual displacements for elastic-perfectly-plastic single-degree-of-freedom oscillators with a given lateral strength ratio. It is observed in the case of a class of ground motions that there are no trends in the dependence of residual displacement on the temporal features of the ground motion, and thus any estimation of residual displacements should be carried out only in the statistical sense. Statistical estimation of residual displacement spectrum via normalization with respect to inelastic or elastic spectral displacements is considered, and it is found that normalization with respect to inelastic spectral displacements is preferable. Expressions for residual displacement spectra are proposed for both types of normalizations and for the givenlateral-strength-ratio type oscillators.

SECOND ORDER EFFECTS IN AN ELASTIC HALF－SPACE ACTED UPON BY A NON－UNIFORM NORMAL LOAD

A closed form solution to the second order elasticity problem ,when an isotropiccompressible elastic half-space undergoes a deformation owing to a non-uniformlydistributed normal load,is presented,The method of integral transform is employedand the case when loading is distributed,in accordance with Hertz'x law ,is discussed.The limiting solution for incompressible isotropic elastic material is also derived.Numerical calculations for the second order elastic material for the displacement and the normal stress in the z-direction are carried out .It is found that,in comparison to the linear elastic case,the displacement increases and the normal stress decreases in the second order elastic material.

基于统一强度理论的扰损围岩巷道脆塑性解答

钻爆法施工常造成岩质巷道扰损区围岩性能劣化。针对扰损围岩、扰损外围岩的弹塑性状态下不同的扰损围岩巷道力学模型,采用统一强度理论、弹-脆-塑性模型和非关联流动法则,建立扰损围岩巷道有关应力、位移和塑性区半径的脆塑性解答,探讨巷道力学模型的转换路径及判定方法,并将结果进行对比、验证,获得各因素的影响规律。研究表明:提出的巷道脆塑性解答合理反映了中间主应力、围岩扰损范围和峰后强度、剪胀特性的综合影响,通过参数组合变换可退化为多种解答并得到正确性验证,具有重要的理论意义和应用前景;巷道力学模型判定与中间主应力、围岩扰损范围密切相关,显著影响巷道应力-位移分布和围岩特征曲线;支护压力和巷道稳定变形随着围岩峰后强度下降、剪胀特性参数增加而明显增大。

多冷媒非均质人工冻结壁弹塑性应力分析

【目的】受制冷媒介温度差异以及被冻地层与冻结管距离差异的影响,多冷媒联合双排管冻结壁的非均匀性较为显著,为了合理评价该类冻结壁的安全性,需开展考虑非均质性的多冷媒人工冻结壁弹塑性应力分析。【方法】选取距离1/4管距处的冻结壁作为特征截面,将该截面上的温度分布曲线等效成三段一次函数形式,并将冻结壁视为随温度成线性变化的非均质材料,分别基于4种冻土屈服准则,推导得出多冷媒联合双排管非均质冻结壁弹塑性应力解析表达式。基于该解析表达式,对多冷媒冻结壁的受力特性进行计算,并将该计算结果与均质冻结壁计算得出的结果进行对比。【结果和结论】研究发现:(1)在盐水-二氧化碳联合双排管冻结壁中,径向应力随着相对半径r的增加而上升,环向应力在不同冻结区间(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)表现出不同的变化趋势。(2)基于均质冻结壁计算理论,弹性极限状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在冻结壁内侧,弹塑性状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在弹塑性分界面处,塑性极限状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在冻结壁最外侧;而基于非均质冻结壁计算理论,冻结壁环向应力最大值始终出现在冻结壁分区界线(r=2)处。(3)在考虑非均质特性后,冻结壁的弹性极限承载力降低1.8%,而塑性极限承载力提高8.1%。在弹塑性状态下,对应相同塑性区相对半径,非均质冻结壁具有更高的承载力,且这种现象随着塑性区相对半径的增大而愈发明显。研究成果对富水地层多冷媒联合冻结帷幕的设计具有重要的参考价值。

固体火箭发动机真实热环境下EPDM绝热层烧蚀计算与试验研究

基于Hertz弹性碰撞理论和Thornton弹塑性假设,导出了粒子碰撞炭层过程中的压痕硬度理论表达式,根据弯管试验数据和试件扫描电镜分析提出了临界速度模型,对于三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)炭化后形成的多孔炭化结构,结合裂纹侵蚀理论提出了两相流非完全弹性碰撞多孔炭化层体烧蚀计算模型。设计了用于验证烧蚀计算模型的模拟发动机旋转过载试验,保证了模拟发动机和真实发动机的天地一致性。结果表明:在模拟发动机真实飞行过程的热环境下,计算结果与实测结果能够基本吻合。研究结果对固体火箭发动机绝热结构的设计具有工程指导意义。

弹性滑板支座不同摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响

采用课题组建立的楼层反应谱Benchmark模型,研究弹性滑板支座不同摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响.使用ETABS软件建立隔震结构有限元模型,在底层柱底和基础之间布置弹性滑板支座,为了使楼层反应谱具有实用性和代表性,输入FEMA P695中推荐的22条远场地震动,分别对4个摩擦系数的基础隔震结构进行非线性时程分析,研究弹性滑板支座摩擦系数对楼层反应谱的影响,且与铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构楼层反应谱进行比较.结果表明:摩擦系数影响楼层反应谱的谱值,但不改变楼层反应谱峰值出现的周期,不影响楼层反应谱的频谱特征;在周期0~6 s内,文中4种摩擦系数的弹性滑板支座结构的楼层反应谱谱值均小于铅芯橡胶支座的谱值,说明该结构弹性滑板支座的隔震性能优于铅芯橡胶支座.

基于弹性网络回归的地震动参数排序与比选

为合理选取地震动参数以有效减小结构损伤预测的不确定性,基于弹性网络回归技术对多个地震动参数进行了比选。基于多种地震动参数以及大量单自由度(SDOF)模型的增量动力分析结果建立弹性网络回归模型,定义回归模型中回归系数值以及回归系数值为非零值的个数分别为地震动参数的敏感性系数和频数。基于地震动参数敏感性和频数分析结果对多种地震动参数进行排序,研究结构恢复力模型、地震动集和结构极限状态对地震动参数排序结果的影响。基于一座8层钢框架结构分析结果验证了基于弹性网络回归的地震动参数比选方法的有效性。结果表明:选取代表性的地震动参数加入最小二乘回归模型时,不同结构极限状态下回归分析中残差标准差显著减小。基于大量SDOF体系的地震动参数排序结果比选出了受地震动集、结构恢复力模型和结构极限状态影响较小的地震动参数。结果可为结构抗震能力预测用地震动参数的比选提供理论基础。

路基荷载下倾斜椭圆形空洞的稳定性评价及因素影响分析

为了防止严重威胁公路安全的采空区发生二次活化导致道路灾害,采用应力叠加法,将基于Boussinesq方程计算所得路基荷载下的附加应力场与初始应力场叠加,得到洞周任意一点的应力状态;利用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则得到空洞稳定性,通过与已有研究结果对比,验证稳定性评价的可靠性;利用二分法计算椭圆形空洞保持稳定时所能承受的最大路基荷载,并探讨路基荷载宽度比、路基荷载偏心距比、椭圆形空洞长短轴比和椭圆倾角等因素对椭圆形空洞稳定性的影响。结果表明:当椭圆形空洞长轴沿水平方向时,椭圆形空洞长短轴比和路基荷载的增大对椭圆形空洞造成应力集中效应叠加,使得最大路基荷载随长短轴比的增大而减小;当椭圆形空洞长轴沿竖直方向时,初始应力场与附加应力场引起的水平方向的应力集中效应互相削弱,含椭圆形空洞地基能承受更大的路基荷载。

电磁助推翼段加速地面效应及稳定性分析

电磁发射空天飞行器是未来可重复使用天地往返运输系统的重要发展方向之一,近地助推加速过程受电磁悬浮力影响,面临着复杂的地面效应与弹性稳定性问题。以NACA0012二维翼段为研究对象,建立了电磁力与气动力耦合的动力学模型,对翼段近地Ma=0~1.5加速过程中的流场特征、运行姿态和气动特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明,翼段加速诱导地面效应可分为4阶段。第1阶段,上下翼面为亚声速流动,翼段姿态和气动载荷基本无振荡。第2阶段,上翼面开始出现跨声速流动,下翼面流动以典型的变截面跨声速流动为主导,并伴随壅塞-通流模态转换。第3阶段,上翼面保持跨声速流动,下翼面流动壅塞再现,并呈现出完全膨胀的跨声速壅塞流动状态。在第2、3阶段,翼段姿态和气动载荷低频大幅振荡。第4阶段,上翼面发展为超声速流动,下翼面保持完全膨胀壅塞流动,翼段姿态和气动载荷高频小幅振荡。在此基础上,探究了悬浮高度、悬浮刚度、磁体间距对系统稳定性的影响。发现增加悬浮高度,有利于在一定程度上提高系统稳定性;适当增加悬浮刚度或悬浮磁体间距,同时限定电磁助推目标速度小于系统振荡发散临界Mach数,有利于明显提高系统稳定性。

纳米CaCO_(3)影响下重塑软黏土动力特性及微观孔隙结构研究

为研究循环荷载下纳米CaCO_(3)重塑软黏土的动力特性与微观形态,进行GDS动三轴、NMR试验,分析其动应力-动应变、动弹性模量、阻尼比及微观孔隙变化规律。结果表明:随着纳米CaCO_(3)掺量增加、围压增大,软黏土的动应变逐渐减小,动弹性模量逐渐增大;固结应力比增大使纳米CaCO_(3)重塑软黏土动应变先减小后增大,动弹性模量先增加后减小;围压和固结应力比的提高均可有效降低软黏土的阻尼比;软黏土滞回耗能与动应变呈现明显的非线性关系;纳米CaCO_(3)重塑软黏土T2分布曲线主峰峰值及峰面积相比于素软黏土显著降低,孔隙比减小使土体结构更加稳定。所进行的纳米CaCO_(3)重塑软黏土动力特性研究,可为实际工程提供参考。

A note on near-field site amplification effects of ground motion from a radially inhomogeneous valley

To improve the understanding of the near-field soil and topographic amplification effects, an analytical solution by the authors for the scattering of plane SH waves by a radially inhomogeneous semi-cylindrical valley is extended to the case of a line source of cylindrical SH waves. Upon confirmation of its accuracy with past exact solutions for a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous semi-cylindrical valley under far-field plane SH waves, the extended solution is used to calculate the ground motion amplification factors for both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous valleys subjected to near-field waves. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted with respect to the location of the wave source, the dimensionless frequency of the incident waves, and the inhomogeneity degree of the covering soil layer. It is found that more amplifications and reductions of ground motions will occur within a certain range in and around the valley as the sources are located further. Consistent with the far-field case, it is confirmed that an increase of the degree of inhomogeneity of the covering soil layer generally amplifies the ground motions significantly.

A coherency function model of ground motion at base rock corresponding to strike-slip fault

At present, the method to study spatial variation of ground motions is statistic analysis based on dense array re-cords such as SMART-1 array, etc. For lacking of information of ground motions, there is no coherency function model of base rock and different style site. Spatial variation of ground motions in elastic media is analyzed by deterministic method in this paper. Taking elastic half-space model with dislocation source of fault, near-field ground motions are simulated. This model takes strike-slip fault and earth media into account. A coherency func-tion is proposed for base rock site.

Analysis of ground vibrations induced by high-speed train moving on pile-supported subgrade using three-dimensional FEM

The pile-supported subgrade has been widely used in high-speed railway construction in China.To investigate the ground vibrations of such composite foundation subjected to moving loads induced by high-speed trains(HSTs),three-dimensional(3D)finite element method(FEM)models involving the pile,pile cap and cushion are established.Validation of the proposed model is conducted through comparison of model predictions with the field measurements.On this basis,ground vibrations generated by HSTs under different train speeds as well as the ground vibration attenuation with the distance away from the track centerline are investigated.In addition,the effects of piles and pile elastic modulus on ground vibrations are well studied.Results show that the pile-reinforcement of the subgrade could significantly contribute to the reduction of ground vibrations.In particular,the increase of elastic modulus of pile could lead to consistent reduction of ground vibrations.However,when the pile elastic modulus is beyond 10 GPa,this benefit of pile-reinforcement on vibration isolation can hardly be increased further.

气囊式框架地梁边坡支护结构力学性能分析

针对地震、崩塌等自然灾害频发而导致的边坡失稳问题,提出了可快速应对抢险救灾工作的气囊式锚杆框架地梁新型结构,并阐述了该新型结构的工作机理。分析气囊框架地梁受荷时玻璃钢与气囊的受力特性,给出了气囊框架地梁承载力计算方法;结合气压传动和双层弹性地基梁理论,建立了气囊框架地梁-锚杆-土体协调变形的计算模型,给出了气囊式框架地梁在边坡支护施工阶段与工作阶段的力学效应计算方法。结果表明:①气囊式框架梁结构承载力主要由框架梁板厚、板材强度、气囊内压和高度决定,增加框架板厚、板材强度、气囊内压和高度可以提高结构承载力;②气囊式框架梁支护边坡存在施工和工作两个阶段,工作阶段位于坡脚处的框架梁剪力和弯矩出现较大的上升,设计时应作为最不利因素着重考虑;③支护设计时还应综合考虑支护效果、结构承载力和经济性给出设计方案,确保结构在实际抢险救灾中的可靠性、时效性和经济性。研究成果可在边坡快速支护中为新型结构的设计应用提供理论依据和指导。

地层特性对孤石爆破振动传播的影响研究

孤石爆破振动会对周边建筑及地下管线的安全造成影响,分析振动的传播规律可为工程爆破安全控制提供参考。采用Abaqus有限元分析软件建立孤石-地层-炸药三维有限元分析模型,与工程实测数据对比验证了模型的可靠性。考虑均质地层、上软下硬地层和上硬下软地层等情况,研究了土体弹性模量变化对地层及地表土体峰值振动速度传播的影响规律。结果表明:均质地层土体弹性模量越大,孤石上方1~3 m内土体峰值振动速度随埋深的衰减越快,在除孤石与土体交界面外任意埋深处振动速度越小,振动频率越高;峰值速度在上软下硬地层交界面处会出现增大突变,且随着弹性模量差值增大,上层土振动衰减加快而下层土的峰值振动速度不受影响;峰值速度在上硬下软地层交界面处则出现速度衰减突变,且随着两层土弹性模量差值增大,下层土受到反射波作用峰值振动速度有所增大,而地表速度较均质地层减小。