Modelling the viscoplastic behaviour of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone with consideration of damage effect

In order to evaluate the performance of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste,an underground research laboratory(URL)was constructed by Andra in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone formation at the Meuse/Haute-Marne(MHM).The construction of URL induced the excavation damage of host formations,and the ventilation in the galleries desaturated the host formation close to the gallery wall.Moreover,it is expected that the mechanical behaviour of COx claystone is time-dependent.This study presents a constitutive model developed to describe the viscoplastic behaviour of unsaturated and damaged COx claystone.In this model,the unsaturation effect is considered by adopting the Bishop effective stress and the van Genuchten(VG)water retention model.In terms of the viscoplastic behaviour,the nonstationary flow surface(NSFS)theory for unsaturated soils is used with consideration of the coupled effects of strain rate and suction on the yield stress.A progressive hardening law is adopted.Meanwhile,a non-associated flow rule is used,which is similar to that in Barcelona basic model(BBM).In addition,to describe the damage effect induced by suction change and viscoplastic loading,a damage function is defined based on the crack volume proportion.This damage function contains two variables:unsaturated effective stress and viscoplastic volumetric strain,with the related parameters determined based on the mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests.For the model validation,different tests on COx claystone under different loading paths are simulated.Comparisons between experimental and simulated results indicated that the present model is able to well describe the viscoplastic behaviour of damaged COx claystone,including swelling/shrinkage,triaxial extension and compression,and triaxial creep.

An elasto-plastic and viscoplastic damage constitutive model for dilatancy and fracturing behavior of soft rock squeezing deformation

Soft rock squeezing deformation mainly consists of pre-peak damage-dilatancy and post-peak fracture-bulking at the excavation unloading instant,and creep-dilatancy caused by time-dependent damage and fracturing.Based on the classic elastoplastic and Perzyna over-stress viscoplastic theories,as well as triaxial unloading confining pressure test and triaxial unloading creep test results,an elastoplastic and viscoplastic damage constitutive model is established for the short-and long-term dilatancy and fracturing behavior of soft rock squeezing deformation.Firstly,the criteria for each deformation and failure stage are expressed as a linear function of confining pressure.Secondly,the total damage evolution equation considering time-dependent damage is proposed,including the initial damage produced at the excavation instant,in which the damage variable increases exponentially with the lateral strain,and creep damage.Thirdly,a transient five-stages elasto-plastic constitutive equation for the short-term deformation after excavation that comprised of elasticity,pre-peak damage-dilatancy,post-peak brittle-drop,linear strain-softening,and residual perfectly-plastic regimes is developed based on incremental elasto-plastic theory and the nonassociated flow rule.Fourthly,regarding the timedependent properties of soft rock,based on the Perzyna viscoplastic over-stress theory,a viscoplastic damage model is set up to capture creep damage and dilatancy behavior.Viscoplastic strain is produced when the stress exceeds the initial static yield surface fs;the distance between the static yield surface fs and the dynamic yield surface fd determines the viscoplastic strain rate.Finally,the established constitutive model is numerically implemented and field applied to the-848 m belt conveyer haulage roadway of Huainan Panyidong Coal Mine.Laboratory test results and in-situ monitoring results validate the rationality of the established constitutive model.The presented model takes both the transient and time-dependent damage and fracturing into consideration.

Coupled viscoplasticity damage constitutive model for concrete materials

A coupled viscoplasticity damage constitutive model for concrete materials is developed within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Simultaneously the Hehnholtz free energy function and a non-associated flow potential function are given, which include the internal variables of kinematic hardening, isotropic hardening and damage. Results from the numerical simulation show that the model presented can describe the deformatioa properties of the concrete without the formal hypotheses of yield criterion and failure criteria, such as the volume dilatancy under the compression, strain-rate sensitivity, stiffness degradation and stress-softening behavior beyond the peak stress which are brought by damages and fractures. Moreover, we could benefit from the application of the finite element method based oi1 this model under complex loading because of not having to choose different constitutive models based on the deformation level.

Impact Buckling and Post-Buckling of Elasto-Viscoplastic Cylindrical Shell Under Torsion

The dynamic torsional buckling and post-buckling of elasto-plastic circular cylindrical shell is studied. By the usage of the Bodner-Partom constitutive relation, the present visco-plastic problem is treated as an orthotropic elastic problem. Based on the nonlinear large deflection shell therory, the governing dynamic buckling equation is solved by the Runge-Kutta method, and the critical buckling stress is determined by the B-R criterion. The present paper is mainly focused on the imperfection sensitivity, the strain rate sensitivity, and the dynamic post-buckling characters for the shell loaded dynamically with a constant shear strain rate. Numerical results show that the critical shear stress and imperfection sensitivity will increase with the increase of strain rate. It is found that the elastic buckling stress is more sensitive to imperfection than the visco-plastic buckling. The present research also reveals some dynamic post-buckling characters for the cylindrical shell, and it is shown that the shell will vibrate with the amplitude proportional to the strain rate in elastic buckling but improportional to the strain rate in visco-plastic buckling. An interesting phenomenon is found that when the strain rate is sufficiently high, there is no dynamic visco-plastic buckling occurrence and the shell produces a harmonic oscillation with a very small amplitude.

SYMMETRIC FORMULATION OF TANGENTIAL STIFFNESSES FOR NON-ASSOCIATED VISCOPLASTICITY WITH AN IMPLICIT TIME INTEGRATION SCHEME

A numerical scheme is presented which enables the use of symmetric equation solvers in tangential stiffness programs for non-associated viscoplastic materials.

THE PARAMETRIC VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR PERZYNA MODEL IN VISCOPLASTICITY

This paper presents the parametric variational principle for Perzyna model which is one of the main constitutive relations of viscoplasticity.The principle,by which the potential energy function is minimized under a constrained condition transformed by the constitutive relations of viscoplasticity, is free from the bound of Drucker's postulate of plastic flow and consequently suitable for solving the nonassociated plastic flow problems. Furthermore, the paper has proven the presented principle and discussed the creep problem.

Viscoplastic solutions of time-dependent deformation for tunnels in swelling rock mass considering stress release

Excavation and control of tunneling responses in swelling soft-rock tunnels of Sichuan-Tibet railway under seepage conditions were studied.For this,a fractional viscoplastic(FVP)model for swelling soft rocks was established by introducing Abel dashpot and unsteady viscosity coefficient,considering additional swelling deformation and damage of rock caused by humidity effect.In view of the FVP model,the viscoplastic deformation solutions for rock mass surrounding tunnel under seepage conditions were derived and long-term mechanical responses of swelling rocks upon tunnel excavation were analyzed.Next,a stress release coefficient considering seepage and creep was proposed,based on which control responses considering stress release and failure mechanism of stress release measures were analyzed.The results showed that:(i)The one-dimensional(1D)FVP model has a good application for swelling rock and the three-dimensional(3D)FVP model could well describe the whole creep process of rock mass despite a much higher creep attenuation rate in the first stage of creep;and(ii)An appropriate stress release and deformation of surrounding rocks could effectively reduce the supporting resistance.However,upon a large stress release,the radius of plastic region could increase significantly,and the strength of the surrounding rock mass decreases greatly.The proposed solution could provide a theoretical framework for capturing the excavation and support responses for tunneling in swelling rock mass in consideration of time effect.

CALCULATION FOR PATH-DOMAIN INDEPENDENT J INTEGRAL WITH ELASTO-VISCOPLASTIC CONSISTENT TANGENT OPERATOR CONCEPT-BASED BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS

This paper presents an elasto-viscoplastic consistent tangent operator (CTO) based boundary element formulation, and application for calculation of path-domain independentJ integrals (extension of the classicalJ integrals) in nonlinear crack analysis. When viscoplastic deformation happens, the effective stresses around the crack tip in the nonlinear region is allowed to exceed the loading surface, and the pure plastic theory is not suitable for this situation. The concept of consistency employed in the solution of increment viscoplastic problem, plays a crucial role in preserving the quadratic rate asymptotic convergence of iteractive schemes based on Newton's method. Therefore, this paper investigates the viscoplastic crack problem, and presents an implicit viscoplastic algorithm using the CTO concept in a boundary element framework for path-domain independentJ integrals. Applications are presented with two numerical examples for viscoplastic crack problems andJ integrals.

Enhancing the elastoplastic damage constitutive model for clayey rocks: Incorporating anisotropy, saturation, time-dependent, and debonding effects

This paper introduced a novel microstructure-based constitutive model designed to comprehensively characterize the intricate mechanical behavior of anisotropic clay rocks under the influence of water saturation.The proposed model encompasses elastoplastic deformation,time-dependent behavior,and induced damage.A two-step homogenization process incorporates mineral compositions and porosity to determine the macroscopic elastic tensor and plastic yield criterion.The model also considers interfacial debonding between the matrix and inclusions to capture rock damage.The application of the proposed model is demonstrated through an analysis of Callovo-Oxfordian clayey rocks,specifically in the context of radioactive waste disposal in France.Model parameters are determined,followed by numerical simulations of various laboratory tests including lateral decompression tests with constant mean stress,triaxial compression tests under different water saturation conditions,and creep tests.The numerical results are compared with corresponding experimental data to assess the efficacy of the proposed model.

电臂尺寸和安装条件对热电模块力学性能的影响

针对热电制冷模块中热电臂尺寸对模块整体热应力场的影响,以C-31106型热电制冷模块为研究对象,建立由31对热电偶组成的热-电-力学耦合多物理场模型.采用有限元仿真方法,考虑钎料层的存在并引入表征黏塑性材料的Anand修正本构方程,建立3种安装条件下的热电模型,分析不同电流下热电臂高度和截面边长对热电模块温度场和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当热电臂处于最佳高度时,在给定范围内热电臂截面边长越大,越有利于提高热电模块力学可靠性,当工作电流为2.6 A,截面边长从0.99 mm增加到1.09 mm时,冷、热端的最大von Mises应力分别减小了74.67%和22.60%.对模块冷端和热端分别采用固定约束和机械压装的安装方式可有效提高热电模块的力学可靠性,当采用上述安装方式时,冷、热端的最大von Mises应力相比两端只采用固定约束的安装方式分别减小了48.76%和74.02%.

AA抑制率和ADP抑制率对脑出血后再出血及预后的预测价值分析

目的 本研究的目的是评估血栓弹力图(thrombelasto graphy,TEG)测试中AA抑制率和ADP抑制率在预测脑出血(ICH)后再出血和不良功能预后方面的有效性。方法 选取苏州市立医院2019年4月至2022年6月之间114例出现症状6 h内接受CT检查的原发性脑出血患者作为研究对象,评估两组患者入院后TEG指标中花生四烯酸(AA)抑制率、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)抑制率等与脑出血后再出血及病残率、病死率等结局的关系,以及与格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分的相关性。结果 未再出血组AA抑制率和ADP抑制率均明显低于再出血组(P<0.05);再出血组中死亡患者AA抑制率和ADP抑制率均明显高于康复组及病残组(P<0.05);AA抑制率和ADP抑制率与GCS评分呈负相关(r=-0.702,P=0.008)。结论在脑出血后再出血及预后的评估中,AA抑制率和ADP抑制率具有较好的预测价值,值得临床推广。

参变量变分原理的提出、发展与应用

参变量变分原理及其参数二次规划算法是由钟万勰院士1985年针对弹性接触边界非线性问题首次提出来的,经过将近40年的不断发展,目前参变量变分原理已经成功应用于各个领域,其中包括弹塑性分析、接触问题、润滑力学、岩土力学、变刚度杆系结构、先进材料性能分析、材料的蠕变与损伤、柔性结构力学和LQ最优控制等各个工程领域.本文首先回顾了参变量变分原理的起源,介绍了参变量变分原理的基本概念,然后以弹塑性分析问题为例,阐明建立参变量变分原理的理论模型以及实现数值参数二次规划求解原理,最后详细回顾了参变量变分原理的基本理论与相应数值算法在各个领域的发展及其工程应用,展示了参变量变分原理在求解各类非线性问题的特色与优势.

混合基础隔震体系优化设计及性能

为解决基础隔震结构中隔震层位移需求过大的问题,提出了一种基础隔震结构(Base Isolated Structure,BIS)+串并联调谐质量阻尼器惯容器(Tuned Tandem Mass Damper-Inerter, TTMDI)的混合隔震体系。采用Bouc-Wen滞回模型模拟隔震层的非线性力-变形行为,基于随机等效线性化和模式搜索优化算法并考虑地震动模型,在频域内建立了BIS+TTMDI体系的优化设计框架。分别从鲁棒性、有效性、刚度和阻尼系数、冲程及对地震频率敏感性方面对BIS+TTMDI体系的性能进行评估,并与BIS+调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper, TMD)、串并联调谐质量阻尼器(TunedTandemMassDamper,TTMD)和调谐质量阻尼器惯容器(TunedMass Damper-Inerter, TMDI)进行比较。通过对近场地震动下某七层混合基础隔震结构(包括BIS+TTMDI和BIS+TMDI体系)的动力弹塑性分析,评价了其减/隔震性能。结果表明:BIS+TTMDI体系具有最好的减/隔震性能和强鲁棒性;而且在BIS+TTMDI体系中TTMDI的总阻尼需求不到BIS+TMDI体系中TMDI的一半,因而更为经济实用。

雷电冲击下土体应力及弹塑性界面时程分析

雷电作为自然界一种极端天气的表现形式,常给地基、地面、高耸建筑等造成严重破坏。工程防雷措施依赖于土体雷电冲击特性。现阶段,研究人员大多从电气工程角度探究雷电冲击土体造成的危害,但因学科间的差异与局限,雷电作用下岩土工程与电气工程的交叉融合方面的研究十分欠缺。本文构建土体雷电冲击模型,基于电弧通道能量平衡方程计算雷电放电产生的冲击波压力,将冲击波压力作为外加荷载作用在土体中,并通过修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则考虑动荷载下土体应变硬化,利用土体的理想锁定状态方程(Idealized Locked Equation of State)和动态扩孔方法考虑冲击波非稳态加载,探究雷电冲击下土体的弹塑性界面及应力时程变化规律。研究表明:在雷电冲击下,土体应力随时间变化呈现先陡增后迅速衰减的趋势,应力突变点表明土体此时正处于弹塑性交界面;在应力突变点之前,土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。任一时刻下,随着逐渐远离雷电冲击点,土体应力呈现迅速衰减的趋势,应力发生突变骤降表明此处土体正处于弹塑性交界面;在突变点之后土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。土体压缩系数对土体的弹塑性界面变化具有显著影响,随着压缩指标增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;随着土体黏聚力逐渐增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;增大土体弹性模量可以增大土体塑性区半径,但变化幅度相对较小;电流波形对土体塑性区中的应力会产生较大影响,而对土体弹性区影响较小。

节点域承载力对半刚性钢框架地震易损性影响研究

目的 通过考察节点域承载力变化与地震易损性曲线间的关系,获得半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线,量化节点域屈服承载力对半刚性钢框架地震易损性的影响。方法 采用OpenSEES抗震分析软件建立以节点域承载力比为主要参数的半刚性钢框架模型,通过地震需求分析和抗震能力分析,绘制不同节点域屈服承载力比(0.5~1.0)对应的半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线。结果 节点域屈服承载力比的取值为0.7时,半刚性钢框架地震易损性曲线在四种极限状态下均小于其他半刚性钢框架,且形成包络趋势。结论 在水平地震作用下,允许节点域屈服,可显著降低钢框架的失效概率,结构的抗震性能也得到了明显改善;节点域屈服承载力比取0.7时,结构抗震性改善效果最显著。

Viscoplastic friction and microstructural evolution behavior of laser-clad Co-Cr-Ni-Mo coating

The viscoplastic friction and nanostructure formation mechanism of laser-clad Co-based coating were studied by rotary friction between laser-clad Co-Cr-Ni-Mo coating and WC-Co rod.The friction coefficient,friction interface temperature and axial displacement—time curves during rotary friction process were measured.The results showed that all the curves firstly experienced rising stage and then steady stage.The rising stage corresponded to sliding friction while the steady stage corresponded to viscoplastic friction.After viscoplastic friction processing,three typical zones of viscoplastic deformation zone,thermo-mechanically affected zone,and original laser-clad zone can be observed successively from the friction surface to the interior.The viscoplastic deformation significantly crushed the network M23C7 phase in original laser-clad zone and made it dispersively distributed with equiaxial shape and in nano-scale.The viscoplastic zone,in width of 37-131 μm,is mainly characterized by refined M23C7 and α-Co phase with grain size bellow 50 nm,and even a small quantity of amorphous.Thus,the hardness of viscoplastic zone about HV997 was improved compared with the hardness of original laser-clad zone about HV600.

Elastos平台上可执行文件的三种入口规范

Elastos嵌入式操作系统是基于CAR构件技术、支持构件化应用的操作系统,是国家863计划支持的TD-SCDMA的操作系统标准。Elastos平台上的可执行文件是Elastos嵌入式操作系统中最重要的文件类型,因为可执行文件是完成操作的真正执行者。可执行文件的大小、运行速度、资源占用情况及可扩展性等与文件加载过程和文件的入口规范紧密相关。研究可执行文件的加载过程、执行流程和入口规范对编写高性能程序和一些黑客技术的运用都是非常有意义的。

基于损伤力学分析的汽轮机转子寿命损耗计算方法

在ANSYS有限元软件中使用耦合损伤的Chaboche黏塑性本构模型对1000 MW超超临界汽轮机转子在不同起动工况下的热机械力学响应进行了数值模拟。基于转子表面危险区域应力和损伤的分析结果,建立了汽轮机起动参数与转子最大损伤之间的函数关系,并以此提出了一种适用于复杂起动及升负荷工况下的转子寿命损耗计算方法。结果表明:在标准起动工况下模型计算结果与汽轮机寿命损耗分配表中的数据基本一致,验证了模型的有效性;采用所提方法后,对实际起动曲线进行简单处理,可快速计算出转子的寿命损耗率以及危险区域的热应力。

考虑基质吸力的非饱和土弹黏塑性本构模型

为了描述可控基质吸力下的非饱和土时效变形特征,提出一种考虑非饱和土基质吸力影响的弹黏塑性本构模型。新模型借鉴BBM模型对压缩特征曲线进行修正,给出非饱和土的压缩指数与基质吸力的关系函数,并将该指数引入到能描述土体超固结的下负荷模型,得到非饱和土的修正下负荷面;又以该下负荷面为参考屈服面,利用相对应力关系,建立了非饱和超固结土的弹黏塑性本构模型,并通过非饱和的三轴率敏性试验确定新模型中两个时效参数m′和c_(0)。结果表明:①模型能较好地表征非饱和土超固结比、基质吸力对其变形特征的影响;②由非饱和土的三轴率敏性试验确定的模型参数能较好地模拟其蠕变等时效变形。

低速撞击下PBX炸药黏弹塑性细观损伤点火模型研究

为研究塑性黏结炸药PBX-9501在低速撞击条件下的力学变形、损伤以及温升情况,发展了基于黏塑性演化方程以及复杂应力状态下微裂纹形核、演化机制的非线性黏弹塑性细观损伤力热化学耦合模型.通过分析低速撞击试验中力学变形-损伤对炸药宏细观温升的影响,可确定炸药发生点火的主导机制及点火速度阈值,结果表明:撞击速度为59 m/s时PBX-9501炸药呈现大变形与破碎响应特征,顶部位置微裂纹和微孔洞演化程度最高,裂纹摩擦热点机制对炸药热点温升起主要作用;随着撞击速度增大,微裂纹热点机制仍为点火主导机制,可预测得到PBX-9501炸药点火临界撞击速度为120~125 m/s.