During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together,which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow...During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together,which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow of the gathering pipeline in the Changning Shale Gas Field as an example to test the erosion rate and material removal mechanism of the test piece at different angles of the elbow through experiments and compares the four erosion models with the experimental results. Through analysis, it is found that the best prediction model for quartz sand-carbon steel erosion is the Oka model. Based on the Oka model, FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the law of erosion of the elbow of the gas gathering pipeline under different gas flow velocities, gas gathering pressure, particle size, length of L1,and bending directions of the elbow. And a spiral pipeline structure is proposed to reduce the erosion rate of the elbow under the same working conditions. The results show that this structure can reduce erosion by 34%.展开更多
Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objectiv...Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity,especially after the first commercially available ConformitéEuropéenne approved Magnesium implant became availabl...BACKGROUND In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity,especially after the first commercially available ConformitéEuropéenne approved Magnesium implant became available(MAGNEZIX®CS,Syntellix)in 2013.AIM To document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants in treating peri-articular elbow fractures.METHODS Our paper was based on a retrospective case series design.Intra-operatively,a standardized surgical technique was utilized for insertion of the magnesium implants.Post–operatively,clinic visits were standardized and physical exam findings,functional scores,and radiographs were obtained at each visit.All complications were recorded.RESULTS Five patients with 6 fractures were recruited(2 coronoid,3 radial head and 1 capitellum).The mean patient age and length of follow up was 54.6 years and 11 months respectively.All fractures healed,and none exhibited loss of reduction or complications requiring revision surgery.No patient developed synovitis of the elbow joint or suffered electrolytic reactions when titanium implants were used concurrently.CONCLUSION Although there is still a paucity of literature available on the subject and further studies are required,magnesium implants appear to be a feasible tool for fixation of peri-articular elbow fractures with promising results in our series.INTRODUCTION In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants in orthopaedic surgeries have gained renewed popularity.Apart from being bioabsorbable,negating the need for implant removal,magnesium also has good osteoconductive properties[1-4].Biomechanically,it exhibits greater biomechanical strength than any pre-existing polymers,and reduces the stress-shielding effect associated with titanium and steel implants as it has a Young’s modulus closer to bone[4].Currently,the main utility of magnesium implants in the orthopaedic community is within the foot and ankle community where satisfactory results have been reported with its utility in forefoot osteotomies[5-7].However,its utility in the setting of orthopaedic trauma has been steadily increasing[8].Our study aims to document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants to treat peri-articular elbow fractures.To our knowledge,our study is the first study analyzing outcomes in radial head and coronoid fractures in the English literature.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate ...BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury.METHODS A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.We analyzed the accuracy of conventional MRI sequences(T1-weighted imaging,T2-weighted imaging,proton density weighted imaging,and T2 star weighted image)and Three-Dimensional Coronary Imaging by Spiral Scanning(3D-CISS)in the diagnosis of elbow cartilage injury.Arthroscopy was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic effect of single and combination sequences in different injury degrees and the consistency with arthroscopy.RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of 3D-CISS sequence was 89.34%±4.98%,the sensitivity was 90%,and the specificity was 88.33%,which showed the best performance among all sequences(P<0.05).The combined application of the whole sequence had the highest accuracy in all sequence combinations,the accuracy of mild injury was 91.30%,the accuracy of moderate injury was 96.15%,and the accuracy of severe injury was 93.33%(P<0.05).Compared with arthroscopy,the combination of all MRI sequences had the highest consistency of 91.67%,and the kappa value reached 0.890(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Combination of 3D-CISS and each sequence had significant advantages in improving MRI diagnostic accuracy of elbow cartilage injuries in adults.Multisequence MRI is recommended to ensure the best diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Introduction: The elbow is a superficial joint, particularly exposed to direct impact, forced movement, and overstrain. Our work aimed to study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologies of the soft tissues of the e...Introduction: The elbow is a superficial joint, particularly exposed to direct impact, forced movement, and overstrain. Our work aimed to study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologies of the soft tissues of the elbow through illustrative cases. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study covering a period of one year, from June 2020 to June 2021, at the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou and the Polyclinique Notre Dame de la Paix. Results: In general, this study found that the pathologies diagnosed on MRI were lateral epicondylitis, subcutaneous type V elbow lipoma and liposarcoma, anteromedial cortical fracture of the radial cup, cortical detachment fracture of the lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis, villonodular articular synovitis, simple dermo-hypodermatitis, sequellar fibrosis of the ulnar nerve, Workman's syndrome (median and ulnar nerves) and osteoarthritis of the elbow. Lateral epicondylitis was the most frequent pathology, and most patients consulted for elbow pain predominantly associated with pressure on the epicondyle, with relative functional impotence and, occasionally, elbow swelling. Conclusion: MRI, as a complement to ultrasound and radiography, remains the most informative examination for exploring soft-tissue pathologies of the elbow.展开更多
The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir,mak...The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir,making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China.In 2015,a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county,located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir.After a field investigation,we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time.After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data,we had a reason to believe that drilling construction,rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir,was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values.So as to verify the above conjecture,we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological infor-mation around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances,respectively.Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation.This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality.展开更多
k-means is a popular clustering algorithm because of its simplicity and scalability to handle large datasets.However,one of its setbacks is the challenge of identifying the correct k-hyperparameter value.Tuning this v...k-means is a popular clustering algorithm because of its simplicity and scalability to handle large datasets.However,one of its setbacks is the challenge of identifying the correct k-hyperparameter value.Tuning this value correctly is critical for building effective k-means models.The use of the traditional elbow method to help identify this value has a long-standing literature.However,when using this method with certain datasets,smooth curves may appear,making it challenging to identify the k-value due to its unclear nature.On the other hand,various internal validation indexes,which are proposed as a solution to this issue,may be inconsistent.Although various techniques for solving smooth elbow challenges exist,k-hyperparameter tuning in high-dimensional spaces still remains intractable and an open research issue.In this paper,we have first reviewed the existing techniques for solving smooth elbow challenges.The identified research gaps are then utilized in the development of the new technique.The new technique,referred to as the ensemble-based technique of a self-adapting autoencoder and internal validation indexes,is then validated in high-dimensional space clustering.The optimal k-value,tuned by this technique using a voting scheme,is a trade-off between the number of clusters visualized in the autoencoder’s latent space,k-value from the ensemble internal validation index score and one that generates a value of 0 or close to 0 on the derivative f″′(k)(1+f′(k)^(2))−3 f″(k)^(2)f″((k)2f′(k),at the elbow.Experimental results based on the Cochran’s Q test,ANOVA,and McNemar’s score indicate a relatively good performance of the newly developed technique in k-hyperparameter tuning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Simple lateral elbow dislocation(SLED)is a rare type of elbow dislocation;however,its treatment may be complicated by accompanying soft tissue or neurovascular damage.Herein,we report a rare case of SLED ma...BACKGROUND Simple lateral elbow dislocation(SLED)is a rare type of elbow dislocation;however,its treatment may be complicated by accompanying soft tissue or neurovascular damage.Herein,we report a rare case of SLED managed secondarily with open reduction and soft tissue repair following failure of closed reduction.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old woman suffered SLED after falling on her outstretched left hand with her elbow extended.She developed pain,swelling,and movement restriction in the elbow;there were no neurovascular symptoms,except for numbness in the 4th and 5th digits.Radiologic investigation confirmed the SLED,and a closed reduction under anesthesia was performed.The follow-up radiographs at 1-wk revealed failure of reduction;accordingly,open reduction with lateral collateral ligament and common extensor origin repair were carried out.The patient regained full elbow range of motion by six weeks.CONCLUSION Adequate concentric reduction for SLED,conservatively or surgically,reduces complications and provides a more functional joint.展开更多
基金supported by the Petrochina's “14th Five-Year plan” Project(2021DJ2804)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2023NSFSC0422)。
文摘During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together,which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow of the gathering pipeline in the Changning Shale Gas Field as an example to test the erosion rate and material removal mechanism of the test piece at different angles of the elbow through experiments and compares the four erosion models with the experimental results. Through analysis, it is found that the best prediction model for quartz sand-carbon steel erosion is the Oka model. Based on the Oka model, FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the law of erosion of the elbow of the gas gathering pipeline under different gas flow velocities, gas gathering pressure, particle size, length of L1,and bending directions of the elbow. And a spiral pipeline structure is proposed to reduce the erosion rate of the elbow under the same working conditions. The results show that this structure can reduce erosion by 34%.
文摘Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity,especially after the first commercially available ConformitéEuropéenne approved Magnesium implant became available(MAGNEZIX®CS,Syntellix)in 2013.AIM To document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants in treating peri-articular elbow fractures.METHODS Our paper was based on a retrospective case series design.Intra-operatively,a standardized surgical technique was utilized for insertion of the magnesium implants.Post–operatively,clinic visits were standardized and physical exam findings,functional scores,and radiographs were obtained at each visit.All complications were recorded.RESULTS Five patients with 6 fractures were recruited(2 coronoid,3 radial head and 1 capitellum).The mean patient age and length of follow up was 54.6 years and 11 months respectively.All fractures healed,and none exhibited loss of reduction or complications requiring revision surgery.No patient developed synovitis of the elbow joint or suffered electrolytic reactions when titanium implants were used concurrently.CONCLUSION Although there is still a paucity of literature available on the subject and further studies are required,magnesium implants appear to be a feasible tool for fixation of peri-articular elbow fractures with promising results in our series.INTRODUCTION In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants in orthopaedic surgeries have gained renewed popularity.Apart from being bioabsorbable,negating the need for implant removal,magnesium also has good osteoconductive properties[1-4].Biomechanically,it exhibits greater biomechanical strength than any pre-existing polymers,and reduces the stress-shielding effect associated with titanium and steel implants as it has a Young’s modulus closer to bone[4].Currently,the main utility of magnesium implants in the orthopaedic community is within the foot and ankle community where satisfactory results have been reported with its utility in forefoot osteotomies[5-7].However,its utility in the setting of orthopaedic trauma has been steadily increasing[8].Our study aims to document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants to treat peri-articular elbow fractures.To our knowledge,our study is the first study analyzing outcomes in radial head and coronoid fractures in the English literature.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury.METHODS A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.We analyzed the accuracy of conventional MRI sequences(T1-weighted imaging,T2-weighted imaging,proton density weighted imaging,and T2 star weighted image)and Three-Dimensional Coronary Imaging by Spiral Scanning(3D-CISS)in the diagnosis of elbow cartilage injury.Arthroscopy was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic effect of single and combination sequences in different injury degrees and the consistency with arthroscopy.RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of 3D-CISS sequence was 89.34%±4.98%,the sensitivity was 90%,and the specificity was 88.33%,which showed the best performance among all sequences(P<0.05).The combined application of the whole sequence had the highest accuracy in all sequence combinations,the accuracy of mild injury was 91.30%,the accuracy of moderate injury was 96.15%,and the accuracy of severe injury was 93.33%(P<0.05).Compared with arthroscopy,the combination of all MRI sequences had the highest consistency of 91.67%,and the kappa value reached 0.890(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Combination of 3D-CISS and each sequence had significant advantages in improving MRI diagnostic accuracy of elbow cartilage injuries in adults.Multisequence MRI is recommended to ensure the best diagnosis and treatment.
文摘Introduction: The elbow is a superficial joint, particularly exposed to direct impact, forced movement, and overstrain. Our work aimed to study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologies of the soft tissues of the elbow through illustrative cases. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study covering a period of one year, from June 2020 to June 2021, at the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou and the Polyclinique Notre Dame de la Paix. Results: In general, this study found that the pathologies diagnosed on MRI were lateral epicondylitis, subcutaneous type V elbow lipoma and liposarcoma, anteromedial cortical fracture of the radial cup, cortical detachment fracture of the lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis, villonodular articular synovitis, simple dermo-hypodermatitis, sequellar fibrosis of the ulnar nerve, Workman's syndrome (median and ulnar nerves) and osteoarthritis of the elbow. Lateral epicondylitis was the most frequent pathology, and most patients consulted for elbow pain predominantly associated with pressure on the epicondyle, with relative functional impotence and, occasionally, elbow swelling. Conclusion: MRI, as a complement to ultrasound and radiography, remains the most informative examination for exploring soft-tissue pathologies of the elbow.
基金Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.311021002).
文摘The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir,making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China.In 2015,a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county,located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir.After a field investigation,we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time.After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data,we had a reason to believe that drilling construction,rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir,was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values.So as to verify the above conjecture,we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological infor-mation around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances,respectively.Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation.This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality.
文摘k-means is a popular clustering algorithm because of its simplicity and scalability to handle large datasets.However,one of its setbacks is the challenge of identifying the correct k-hyperparameter value.Tuning this value correctly is critical for building effective k-means models.The use of the traditional elbow method to help identify this value has a long-standing literature.However,when using this method with certain datasets,smooth curves may appear,making it challenging to identify the k-value due to its unclear nature.On the other hand,various internal validation indexes,which are proposed as a solution to this issue,may be inconsistent.Although various techniques for solving smooth elbow challenges exist,k-hyperparameter tuning in high-dimensional spaces still remains intractable and an open research issue.In this paper,we have first reviewed the existing techniques for solving smooth elbow challenges.The identified research gaps are then utilized in the development of the new technique.The new technique,referred to as the ensemble-based technique of a self-adapting autoencoder and internal validation indexes,is then validated in high-dimensional space clustering.The optimal k-value,tuned by this technique using a voting scheme,is a trade-off between the number of clusters visualized in the autoencoder’s latent space,k-value from the ensemble internal validation index score and one that generates a value of 0 or close to 0 on the derivative f″′(k)(1+f′(k)^(2))−3 f″(k)^(2)f″((k)2f′(k),at the elbow.Experimental results based on the Cochran’s Q test,ANOVA,and McNemar’s score indicate a relatively good performance of the newly developed technique in k-hyperparameter tuning.
文摘BACKGROUND Simple lateral elbow dislocation(SLED)is a rare type of elbow dislocation;however,its treatment may be complicated by accompanying soft tissue or neurovascular damage.Herein,we report a rare case of SLED managed secondarily with open reduction and soft tissue repair following failure of closed reduction.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old woman suffered SLED after falling on her outstretched left hand with her elbow extended.She developed pain,swelling,and movement restriction in the elbow;there were no neurovascular symptoms,except for numbness in the 4th and 5th digits.Radiologic investigation confirmed the SLED,and a closed reduction under anesthesia was performed.The follow-up radiographs at 1-wk revealed failure of reduction;accordingly,open reduction with lateral collateral ligament and common extensor origin repair were carried out.The patient regained full elbow range of motion by six weeks.CONCLUSION Adequate concentric reduction for SLED,conservatively or surgically,reduces complications and provides a more functional joint.
