Factors associated with activities of daily living among the disabled elders with stroke

Objective:To determine the factors associated with activities of daily living(ADL)among the disabled elders post-stroke.Methods:A total of 158 patients were chosen from community health service stations in eighteen regions of Tianjin city by convenience sampling from March to November in 2013.The Barthel Index(BI)and the short-formmini-nutritional assessment(MNA-SF)were used to evaluate the ADL,the nutritional status respectively.Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.Barthel ADL index was the main outcome.Results:The mean score of ADL was 50.50±27.125.The multiple linear regression showed that the factors which had significant impact on ADL were stroke frequency,types of stroke,nutritional status,financial status,and age.Conclusions:Disabled elders with recurrent strokes,hemorrhagic stroke,dependent financial resources,older age,worse nutritional status and living with family had poorer strokerelated outcome.Healthcare providers can discover the high-risk groups of disability and implement individualized preventive interventions in accordance with the related factors.

Clinical use of low-dose aspirin for elders and sensitive subjects

The use of low-dose aspirin(LDA)has been a common preventive measure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.This is attributed to aspirin’s ability to inhibit platelet activation.On the other hand,the use of LDA in human subjects has been associated with the development of gastrointestinal injuries like ulcer and bleeding,especially for those sensitive subjects such as elder human subjects.This opinion review will summarize the recent clinical reports regarding the use of LDA and the development of gastrointestinal conditions in China.Based on these reports,it seems that the use of LDA is commonly associated with gastrointestinal injuries,and stopping its use leads to recovery in elderly subjects.Therefore,we would like to suggest that gastroduodenal health and conditions should be seriously taken into consideration when LDA is recommended to the elderly,or other alternative means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as nutritional interventions should be suggested.

Detecting Dementia-Related Wandering Locomotion of Elders by Leveraging Active Infrared Sensors

For elders with dementia, wandering is among the most problematic, frequent and dangerous behavior. Managing wandering behavior has become increasingly imperative due to its high prevalence, negative outcomes and burden on caregivers. We study to propose an active infrared-based method to identify wandering locomotion by monitoring rhythmical repetition of an elder’s indoor motion events. Specifically, we utilize our customized active infrared sensors to collect human indoor motions that will be converted into motion events by using hardware redundancy technique. Each motion event is a directed motion obtained via introducing temporal and dimensions into the spatial motion data. Based on the most cited spatial-temporal patterns of wandering locomotion, a spatiotemporal model is then proposed to identify wandering locomotion from an ongoing sequence of motion events. Experimental evaluation on eight individuals’ real-world motion datasets has shown that our proposed method is able to effectively identify wandering locomotion from repetitive events collected from active infrared sensors with a value over 98% for both accuracy and precision based on properly chosen parameters. Wandering in elders with dementia that follow specific spatiotemporal patterns can be reliably identified by analyzing repetitive motion events collected from active infrared sensors based on the well-known spatiotemporal patterns of wandering locomotion.

Assessing Basic Rehabilitation Services for Elders with Mobility Impairment

The current research seeks to examine the basic rehabilitation services for elders with mobility impairment. The research relied upon a quantitative approach and primary data which was gathered through the Drop-Off and Pick-Up (DOPU) method. The targeted respondents of this study were made up of healthcare workers, such as nurses and doctors from a group of hospitals in Zimbabwe. Therapy, assistive technologies, rehabilitation medicine, community-delivered rehabilitation were identified as the basic rehabilitation services for elders with mobility impairment. To assess the effectiveness of these services, the strength of these services had to be tested on the successful implementation of rehabilitation programs using a Structural Equation Model. In addition, these services were regarded as the independent variables of this study;while the successful implementation of the rehabilitation program was treated as a dependent variable. Based on the findings of this study, therapy, assistive technologies, rehabilitation medicine, community-delivered rehabilitation have a positive effect on the successful implementation of a rehabilitation program. The study recommends that to preserve the function and mobility among elderly and ageing individuals, the healthcare practitioners should promote strategies such as maximizing function by decreasing pain, improving the ability to self-propel and prolonging mobility and endurance through ergonomics, individualized wheelchair selection and configuration, and adaptations for increasing the capacity to handle the daily mobility demands through training, strengthening, and exercise.

Gastrointestinal discomforts and dietary intake in Chinese urban elders:A cross-sectional study in eight cities of China

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)discomforts are common in the elderly population;however,whether such discomforts are associated with dietary intake has not been studied.AIM To evaluate GI discomforts in Chinese urban elders and the associated factors.METHODS The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS)was used to identify GI discomforts in 688 elders from eight cities of China.The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and one time of 24 h dietary recall were used to access the food intake,identify dietary pattern,and calculate the nutrients intake.RESULTS About 83%of studied elders experienced at least one of GI discomforts in the past 6 mo;dyspepsia was the most commonly reported(66.7%),followed by reflux(44.8%),abdominal pain(35.9%),constipation(35.8%),and diarrhea(34.7%).Female gender,lower education level,and lower family income were associated with a higher GSRS score.Participants who were diagnosed with a GI-related disease had a higher score of constipation,but a lower score of reflux.Chronic diseases were positively associated with certain GI discomforts.Three dietary patterns were identified by the method of principal component analysis,which were characterized as high intake of salt and tea;more frequent intake of tubers,fruits,aquatic products,and soybeans;and high intake of cereal,vegetables,and meat,respectively.However,no associations between dietary patterns and GSRS score were found.The elders with a higher GSRS score had significantly lower intake of bean products.The elders whose GSRS score was≥21 and 18-20 decreased their bean production intake by 7.2(0.3,14.3)g/d and 14.3(1.2,27.3)g/d,respectively,compared with those who had a GSRS score≤17.There were no differences in other food categories,calories,or nutrients intake among elders with different GSRS scores.CONCLUSION GI discomforts are common in Chinese urban elders.GI discomforts might be associated with the choice of food.

Comparative study on ghrelin level change and its related factors in hypertensive elders with psychological distress

Objective To investigate the change of plasma ghrelin level and explore the related factors of ghrelin alteration in elderly hypertensive patients with psychological distress.Methods A total of 300 elders,who were screened with Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),and the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)for psychological stress and somato-psychological manifestations respectively,were divided into hypertension group(n=148)and non-hypertension group(n=152).Their blood samples were collected to measure the plasma level of ghrelin and total cortisol on the same day.Results The incidences of anxiety and depression were 27.7% and 11.7%,respectively,in all the enrolled elders.However,the rates of psychological distress,particularly anxiety,were significantly higher in the hypertensive elders than in the non-hypertensive ones(43.2% vs.12.5%).Anxiety was positively related to the cortisol level but negatively related to the plasma ghrelin level,and the latter two were negatively correlated with each other.Conclusion Chronic increase of plasma cortisol induced by long-term anxiety can lead to the reduction of ghrelin level,which then adversely affects blood pressure in elders with psychological distress.Therefore,ghrelin might be a selective antihypertensive medicine for hypertensive elders with anxiety.

Situational Diagnosis of the Social Sphere of Elders Living in Retirement Homes

A situational diagnosis of the social sphere of elder permanent residents at retirement homes in Chihuahua City was created with the aid of the Social Resource Scale instrument. From the 51 participants, there were 30 female and 21 male elders. The results and conclusions of the present study highlight two major needs: a systematic assessment of permanent residents in retirement homes and the implementation of a physical activation program. The proposed physical activation program must focus on both, the recovery of motor independence and the increase of socialization activities which allows members of the retired community to improve their daily routine performance and lessens the work load on their caretakers.

Characteristic Autonomic Nervous Activity of Institutionalized Elders with Dementia

This study clarified the characteristic autonomic nervous activity of institutionalized elders diagnosed with dementia using Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised. Twenty-six healthy adult persons (HPs) in their 20 s - 40 s met the inclusion criteria, and 16 persons (27.6 ± 8.2 years old) completed the research procedure. Of 70 persons with dementia (PDs) residing at the one geriatric health services facilities, only 24 persons met the inclusion criteria, and only nine (N = 9, 83.44 ± 9.45 years old) completed the procedure. Actigraph and ambulatory electrocardiographic instruments measuring autonomic nervous activity were attached to the subjects for 24 hours. Activities and behaviors of PDs and HPs were observed by clinically experienced staff nurses and care workers. High frequency (HF) power indicating parasympathetic activity and LF/HF ratio indicating sympathetic activity were calculated. When awake, PDs’ LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than HP’s (Z = -2.60, p < 0.01), showing significant differences in the LF/HF ratios between waking and sleeping, more than those of the PDs (p < 0.001). Similarly, when awake, significant positive correlations were observed in the LF/HF ratio and actigraph activity count (AC) in 11 HPs and 3 PDs (range r = 0.17 to 0.49, p < 0.05);however, significant negative correlation was found in HF and AC of 12 HPs and 3 PDs (range r = -0.55 to -0.18, p < 0.05). While sleeping, significant positive correlations were observed in LF/HF and AC of 3 HPs and 1 PD (range r = 0.35 to 0.42, p < 0.05) and significant negative correlation was found in the HF and AC of 1 HP (r= -0.32, p < 0.001) and 1 PD (r = -0.32, p < 0.05). The mean value of LF/HF in a wakeful state was significantly lower for PDs than HPs. Combined results of behavioral observation, actigrapy and heart rate variability (HRV) analyses suggested that PDs showed positive correlations between LF/HF and AC in a wakeful state. Compared to those who showed no positive correlation, they did not require much nursing care.

Underlying Mechanisms of Tai-Chi-Chuan Training for Improving Balance Ability in the Elders

Objective： To compare balance ability between elderly individuals who practiced Tai-Chi-Chuan （TCC） for average 9.64 years and elderly individuals who did not practice TCC and its relationship with lower extremity muscle strength and ankle proprioception. Methods： Twenty-five elderly volunteers were divided into two groups according to their TCC practcing experience. Sixteen were TCC group and the other nine were control population. Subjects completed a static balance test and ankle proprioception test using a custom-designed evaluation system, and concentric and eccentric knee extensor and flexor muscle strength tests. Subjects stood on the plate form to measure the proprioception in functional standing position which was differed from the previous studies. Multiple linear regressions were also used to predict the important factor affecting balance. Results： TCC group performed better than the control group in balance, proprioception, and muscle strength of lower extremity. The proprioception was the most important factor related to balance ability and it can be accounted for explaining 44% of variance in medial-lateral sway direction, and 53% of variance in antero-posterior sway direction. The proprioception may be a more important factor which affecting the balance ability. Conclusion： TCC training is recommended to the elders; as it can improve balance ability through better proprioception.

Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease.Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early interventions.There is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated signatures.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking medication.Ultrasound of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were performed.Additionally,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose levels.Immunophenotyping of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow cytometry.Participants were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque status.Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between parameters.Results:SAP was detected in a total of 29 participants.The participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and mTregs(OR=1.05(95%CI:1.021.10))as independent risk factors for SAP.Stepwise linear regression could reveal an association of peak oxygen uptake(β=0.441),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(β=0.096),and SAP(β=6.733)with mTregs and LDL(β=0.104)with rTregs.Conclusion:While at an early stage of SAP,the total proportion of Tregs gives no indication of vascular changes,this is indicated by a shift in the Treg subgroups.Factors such as serum LDL or cardiopulmonary fitness may be associated with this shift and may also be additional diagnostic indicators.This could be used to initiate lifestyle-based preventive measures at an early stage,which may have a protective effect against disease progression.

Anesthesia,Anesthetics,and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)remains a major issue that worsens the prognosis of elderly surgery patients.This article reviews the current research on the effect of different anesthesia methods and commonly utilized anesthetics on the incidence of POCD in elderly patients,aiming to provide an understanding of the underlying mechanisms contributing to this condition and facilitate the development of more reasonable anesthesia protocols,ultimately reducing the incidence of POCD in elderly surgery patients.

Effect of remimazolam vs. propofol on hemodynamics during general anesthesia induction in elderly patients: Single-center, randomized controlled trial

The current study aimed to compare the effects between remimazolam and propofol on hemodynamic stability during the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients.We used propofol at a rate of 60 mg/(kg·h)in the propofol group(group P)or remimazolam at a rate of 6 mg/(kg·h)in the remimazolam group(group R)for the induction.A processed electroencephalogram was used to determine whether the induction was successful and when to stop the infusion of the study drug.We measured when patients entered the operating room(T_(0)),when the induction was successful(T_(1)),and when before(T_(2))and 5 min after successful endotracheal intubation(T_(3)).We found that mean arterial pressure(MAP)was lower at T_(1–3),compared with T_(0) in both groups,but higher at T_(2) in the group R,whileΔMAP_(T0–T2) andΔMAP_(max) were smaller in the group R(ΔMAP_(T0–T2):the difference between MAP at time point T_(0) and T_(2),ΔMAP_(max):the difference between MAP at time point T_(0) and the lowest value from T_(0) to T_(3)).Cardiac index and stroke volume index did not differ between groups,whereas systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T_(1–3) in the group R.These findings show that remimazolam,compared with propofol,better maintains hemodynamic stability during the induction,which may be attributed to its ability to better maintain systemic vascular resistance levels.

Qualitative exploration of home life experiences and care needs among elderly patients with temporary intestinal stomas

BACKGROUND This study employed a phenomenological research approach within qualitative research to explore the challenges encountered by elderly individuals with temporary colostomies in managing their daily lives and care needs.Protecting the anus surgery combined with temporary colostomy has emerged as a prevalent treatment modality for low rectal cancer.However,the ileostomy is susceptible to peri-stoma skin complications,as well as fluid,electrolyte,and nutritional imbalances,posing challenges to effective management.The successful selfmanagement of patients is intricately linked to their adjustment to temporary colostomy;nonetheless,there remains a dearth of research examining the factors influencing self-care among temporary colostomy patients and the obstacles they confront.AIM To investigate the lived experiences,perceptions,and care requirements of temporary colostomy patients within their home environment,with the ultimate goal of formulating a standardized management protocol.METHODS Over the period of June to August 2023,a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 12 patients with temporary intestinal stomas from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai,China.Employing a phenomenological research approach,a semi-structured interview guide was developed,and qualitative interviews were conducted using in-depth interview techniques.The acquired data underwent coding,analysis,organization,and summarization following Colaizzi’s seven-step method.RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that the experiences and needs of patients with temporary intestinal stomas can be delineated into four principal themes:Firstly,Temporary colostomy patients bear various burdens and concerns about the uncertainty of disease progression;secondly,patients exhibit limited self-care capabilities and face information deficits,resulting in heightened reliance on healthcare professionals;thirdly,patients demonstrate the potential for internal motivation through proactive self-adjustment;and finally,patients express a significant need for emotional and social support.CONCLUSION Home-living patients with temporary intestinal stomas confront multifaceted challenges encompassing burdens,inadequate self-care abilities,informational deficits,and emotional needs.Identifying factors influencing patients’self-care at home and proposing strategies to mitigate barriers can serve as a foundational framework for developing and implementing nursing interventions tailored to the needs of patients with temporary intestinal stomas.

Impact of frailty on outcomes of elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Frailty is a common condition in elderly patients who receive percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).However,how frailty affects clinical outcomes in this group is unclear.AIM To assess the link between frailty and the outcomes,such as in-hospital complic-ations,post-procedural complications,and mortality,in elderly patients post-PCI.METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases were screened for publications up to August 2023.The primary outcomes assessed were in-hospital and all-cause mortality,major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs),and major bleeding.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment.RESULTS Twenty-one studies with 739693 elderly patients undergoing PCI were included.Frailty was consistently associated with adverse outcomes.Frail patients had significantly higher risks of in-hospital mortality[risk ratio:3.45,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.90-6.25],all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR):2.08,95%CI:1.78-2.43],MACEs(HR:2.92,95%CI:1.85-4.60),and major bleeding(HR:4.60,95%CI:2.89-7.32)compared to non-frail patients.CONCLUSION Frailty is a pivotal determinant in the prediction of risk of mortality,development of MACEs,and major bleeding in elderly individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Perceptions and factors influencing exercise interventions in elderly patients with debilitating spinal surgery and healthcare professionals:A qualitative study

BACKGROUND Older spine surgery patients have a high incidence of debilitation,which can be managed with certain exercises.AIM To investigate the current status and influencing factors related to the knowledge of exercise intervention among patients and professionals.METHODS Descriptive research methods were used to classify and summarize patients and professionals’perceptions and factors affecting exercise interventions.Data were analysed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method to distill and refine themes.RESULTS A total of 7 themes were identified:(1)The current status of patients'exercise is unsatisfactory;(2)patients'health literacy is low,coupled with a lack of social and family support;(3)there are numerous challenges with systematic exercise interventions;(4)healthcare professionals acknowledge the importance and need for exercise interventions;(5)there's a pronounced willingness among patients to participate in exercise intervention programs;(6)healthcare professionals believe that exercise interventions are beneficial;and(7)participants offered invaluable insights and suggestions on perioperative exercise during spinal surgery.CONCLUSION To investigate the current status and influencing factors related to the knowledge of exercise intervention among patients and the related healthcare professionals to provide a reference for the construction of exercise management programs for these patients.

Analysis of metabolic characteristics of metabolic syndrome in elderly patients with gastric cancer by non-targeted metabolomics

BACKGROUND The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MetS)and gastric cancer(GC),which is a common metabolic disease,has attracted much attention.However,the specific metabolic characteristics of MetS in elderly patients with GC remain unclear.AIM To investigate the differentially abundant metabolites and metabolic pathways between preoperative frailty and MetS in elderly patients with GC based on nontargeted metabolomics techniques.METHODS In this study,125 patients with nonfrail nonmeal GC were selected as the control group,and 50 patients with GC in the frail group were selected as the frail group.Sixty-five patients with GC combined with MetS alone were included in the MetS group,and 50 patients with GC combined with MetS were included in the MetS group.Nontargeted metabolomics techniques were used to measure plasma metabolite levels by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Multivariate statistical analysis was performed by principal component analysis,orthogonal partial least squares,pattern recognition analysis,cluster analysis,and metabolic pathway annotation.RESULTS A total of 125 different metabolites,including amino acids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,fatty acids,sugars,nucleosides and nucleotides,and acidic compounds,were identified via nontargeted metabolomics techniques.Compared with those in the control group,there were 41,32,and 52 different metabolites in the MetS group,the debilitated group,and the combined group,respectively.Lipid metabolites were significantly increased in the MetS group.In the weak group,amino acids and most glycerol phospholipid metabolites decreased significantly,and fatty acids and sphingosine increased significantly.The combined group was characterized by significantly increased levels of nucleotide metabolites and acidic compounds.The alanine,aspartic acid,and glutamate metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the asthenic group,and the glycerol and phospholipid metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the combined group.CONCLUSION Elderly GC patients with simple frailty,simple combined MetS,and frailty combined with MetS have different metabolic characteristics,among which amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolite levels are significantly lower in frail elderly GC patients,and comprehensive supplementation of fat and protein should be considered.Many kinds of metabolites,such as amino acids,lipids,nucleotides,and acidic compounds,are abnormally abundant in patients with MetS combined with fthenia,which may be related to tumor-related metabolic disorders.

Primary Ewing sarcoma of the kidney mimicking cystic papillary renal cell carcinoma in an older patient:A case repor

BACKGROUND Ewing’s sarcoma(ES)is a neuroectodermal tumor that typically occurs in the bones and soft tissues of children and young adults.Primary renal ES is rare;only a few cases and a small case series have been documented,and only four cases involved primary renal ES in older people(>65 years old).CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.A 76-year-old man complained of poor oral intake and was found to have a large cystic renal mass with indistinct margins on computed tomography.Ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed that the tumor contained small round blue cells.The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy.The tumor cells showed diffuse membranous CD99,and nuclear friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor and NK2 Homeobox 2.Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed EWSR1 translocation.Postoperatively,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed no evidence of metastasis.The patient was diagnosed with primary renal ES.Six months following the surgery,local recurrence and distant metastasis were observed.Primary renal ES is rare and often lethal in older individuals.The specific imaging findings are unknown,and treatment protocols have not been standardized.CONCLUSION This case report describes the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.

Is recovery enhancement after gastric cancer surgery really a safe approach for elderly patients?

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the safety of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in elderly patients with gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the safety of ERAS in elderly patients with GC.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases were used to search for eligible studies from inception to April 1,2023.The mean difference(MD),odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were pooled for analysis.The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores.We used Stata(V.16.0)software for data analysis.RESULTS This study consists of six studies involving 878 elderly patients.By analyzing the clinical outcomes,we found that the ERAS group had shorter postoperative hospital stays(MD=-0.51,I2=0.00%,95%CI=-0.72 to-0.30,P=0.00);earlier times to first flatus(defecation;MD=-0.30,I²=0.00%,95%CI=-0.55 to-0.06,P=0.02);less intestinal obstruction(OR=3.24,I2=0.00%,95%CI=1.07 to 9.78,P=0.04);less nausea and vomiting(OR=4.07,I2=0.00%,95%CI=1.29 to 12.84,P=0.02);and less gastric retention(OR=5.69,I2=2.46%,95%CI=2.00 to 16.20,P=0.00).Our results showed that the conventional group had a greater mortality rate than the ERAS group(OR=0.24,I2=0.00%,95%CI=0.07 to 0.84,P=0.03).However,there was no statistically significant difference in major complications between the ERAS group and the conventional group(OR=0.67,I2=0.00%,95%CI=0.38 to 1.18,P=0.16).CONCLUSION Compared to those with conventional recovery,elderly GC patients who received the ERAS protocol after surgery had a lower risk of mortality.

Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique

BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium,particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery,presents significant challenges in clinical management.AIM To develop a synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)-based model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal cancer patients.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we analyzed data from 611 elderly patients who underwent abdominal malignant tumor surgery at our hospital between September 2020 and October 2022.The incidence of postoperative delirium was recorded for 7 d post-surgery.Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups based on the occurrence of postoperative delirium or not.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium.The SMOTE technique was applied to enhance the model by oversampling the delirium cases.The model’s predictive accuracy was then validated.RESULTS In our study involving 611 elderly patients with abdominal malignant tumors,multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.These included the Charlson comorbidity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,history of cerebrovascular disease,surgical duration,perioperative blood transfusion,and postoperative pain score.The incidence rate of postoperative delirium in our study was 22.91%.The original predictive model(P1)exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862.In comparison,the SMOTE-based logistic early warning model(P2),which utilized the SMOTE oversampling algorithm,showed a slightly lower but comparable area under the curve of 0.856,suggesting no significant difference in performance between the two predictive approaches.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the SMOTE-enhanced predictive model for postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal tumor patients shows performance equivalent to that of traditional methods,effectively addressing data imbalance.

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among elderly patients in the Lugu community

BACKGROUND Age is a significant risk factor of diabetes mellitus(DM).With the develop of population aging,the incidence of DM remains increasing.Understanding the epidemiology of DM among elderly individuals in a certain area contributes to the DM interventions for the local elderly individuals with high risk of DM.AIM To explore the prevalence of DM among elderly individuals in the Lugu community and analyze the related risk factors to provide a valid scientific basis for the health management of elderly individuals.METHODS A total of 4816 elderly people who came to the community for physical examination were retrospectively analyzed.The prevalence of DM among the elderly was calculated.The individuals were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group according to the diagnosis of DM to compare the differences in diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)and incidence of hypertension(HT),coronary heart disease(CHD),and chronic kidney disease(CKD).RESULTS DM was diagnosed in 32.70%of the 4816 elderly people.The BMI of the DM group(25.16±3.35)was greater than that of the non-DM group(24.61±3.78).The WHR was 0.90±0.04 in the non-DM group and 0.90±0.03 in the DM group,with no significant difference.The left SBP and SBP in the DM group were 137.9 mmHg±11.92 mmHg and 69.95 mmHg±7.75 mmHg,respectively,while they were 126.6 mmHg±12.44 mmHg and 71.15 mmHg±12.55 mmHg,respectively,in the non-DM group.These findings indicate higher SBP and lower DBP in DM patients than in those without DM.In the DM group,1274 patients were diagnosed with HT,accounting for 80.89%.Among the 3241 non-DM patients,1743(53.78%)were hypertensive and 1498(46.22%)were nonhypertensive.The DM group had more cases of HT than did the non-DM group.There were more patients with CHD or CKD in the DM group than in the non-DM group.There were more patients who drank alcohol more frequently(≥3 times)in the DM group than in the non-DM group.CONCLUSION Older adults in the Lugu community are at a greater risk of DM.In elderly individuals,DM is closely related to high BMI and HT,CHD,and CKD.Physical examinations should be actively carried out for elderly people to determine their BMI,SBP,DBP,and other signs,and sufficient attention should be given to abnormalities in the above signs before further diagnosis.