The most important elements of “intellectual networks” (Smart Grid) are the systems of monitoring the parameters of electrical equipment. Information-measuring systems (IMS), which described in this paper, were prop...The most important elements of “intellectual networks” (Smart Grid) are the systems of monitoring the parameters of electrical equipment. Information-measuring systems (IMS), which described in this paper, were proposed to use together with rapid digital protection against short-circuit regimes in transformer windings. This paper presents an application’s experience of LVI-testing, some results of the use of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) to check the condition of transformer windings and infra-red control results of electrical equipment. The LVI method and short-circuit inductive reactance measurements are sensitive for detecting such faults as radial, axial winding deformations, a twisting of low-voltage or regulating winding, a losing of winding’s pressing and others.展开更多
混合储能系统具有储能容量大、调节能力强等优点,有助于提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的需求响应能力。首先,构建了一种电-氢-热混合储能系统(electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage system,EHT-HESS),其...混合储能系统具有储能容量大、调节能力强等优点,有助于提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的需求响应能力。首先,构建了一种电-氢-热混合储能系统(electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage system,EHT-HESS),其中采用电解槽(electrolytic cell,EC)、蒸气重整反应(steam methane reforming,SMR)装置、储氢、热电联产氢燃料电池(hydrogen fuel cell,HFC)设备,实现电、气向氢能的转换,以及以氢能作为中间模态的“制氢-储氢-放氢/电/热”功能。其次,建立考虑EHT-HESS的IES需求响应策略优化模型,其中考虑IES响应电价和气价,同时根据富余风电量,进行购电、购气、用电、用热、用氢等策略决策的综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)行为;并采用信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)计入概率分布未知的风电严重不确定性,采用基于综合范数的分布鲁棒优化(distributionally robust optimization,DRO)方法计入概率分布不完备的电价严重不确定性。最后,算例验证了模型和方法的合理性及有效性,并表明IES装设热电联产HFC构建EHT-HESS可实现氢能向电能与热能的转换,有助于增加风电消纳量,增加IDR决策的鲁棒性。展开更多
文摘The most important elements of “intellectual networks” (Smart Grid) are the systems of monitoring the parameters of electrical equipment. Information-measuring systems (IMS), which described in this paper, were proposed to use together with rapid digital protection against short-circuit regimes in transformer windings. This paper presents an application’s experience of LVI-testing, some results of the use of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) to check the condition of transformer windings and infra-red control results of electrical equipment. The LVI method and short-circuit inductive reactance measurements are sensitive for detecting such faults as radial, axial winding deformations, a twisting of low-voltage or regulating winding, a losing of winding’s pressing and others.
