Supply Chain Cooperation between Coal Enterprise and Electric Power Enterprise in China

Based on the two-stage Stackelberg game method, value creation of supply chain cooperation between coal enterprise and power utilities is studied by formulating profit functions of coal and power enterprises and calculating the maximum profit. According to the analysis, it is found that the profit from supply chain cooperation between coal and power enterprises is more than that of non- cooperation. The cooperation is validated to be beneficial for both units; however, the profit is mainly taken by the power enterprise. Thus, it is necessary to set up the incentive mechanism to distribute cooperation value between coal and power enterprises to promote their continual cooperation.

Measuring the Impact of Information Technology （IT） on Supply Chain Management （SCM） Through Indicators： An Exploratory Study

Enterprises are looking to adapt to this scenario focusing on performance, seeking to improve the level of service and reduce costs in an attempt to differentiate and increase the perceived value of their customers. A strong partner to achieve these goals is the information technology （IT）. IT has an important role in the performance of companies, providing a flow of information that makes the supply chain more robust and resilient, without compromising efficiency. To achieve the objective of this research, a survey of the literature on the four models was studied and then a field research with professionals was conducted in the areas of IT and supply chain management （SCM） of various companies of Sao Paulo. To collect the data needed for analysis, we used the exploratory research of a qualitative nature. Thus, we conclude that the use of IT impacts supply chain in five surveyed areas as planning, manufacturing, suppliers, customers, and delivery but does not impact the return area.

Issues on Supply Chain Management

Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most markets requires well-designed integrated supply chain instead of individual o perations. In this paper, some traditional thinking of supply chain is given fir st, then SCM (Supply Chain Management) is introduced, which views the entire sup ply chain as a whole rather than individual process and aims to increase transpa rency and alignment of the supply chain’s coordination and configuration, regar dless of functional or corporate boundaries. Secondly, issues regarding the significance and the situation of supply chain management in enterprises of Chin a are briefly described. In china, most enterprises haven’t established the ide a of supply chain management, supply chain are just focused on the step from sup pliers to manufacturers, which is a partial but not whole supply chain. Challeng ed by intense competition in the global market, further research on supply chain management is badly needed in China, if not, traditional pattern must be overwh elmed by world competition. Finally, suggestions for future research, especial ly the required conditions for a successful adoption of supply chain managemen t, are outlined. Organizations with Supply chain management can realize the advantages of backward vertical integration. However the following issues must b e paid attention to before supply chain management pattern is established.(1) Ch anging the corporate cultures of all members in the value chain to make it condu cive to supply chain management.(2) Developing long-term, cooperative and certi fied relationship with key suppliers.(3) Developing supply chain management soft ware that includes a completely integrated information system based on distr ibuted database throughout supply chain.(4) Reconstructing organization structur e adapting to supply chain management pattern.(5) Developing evaluation system f or performance measures of supply chain. In a word, supply chain management patt ern is necessary for domestic enterprises to win in intense world competition, w hile developing fitting pattern with key prerequisites is the most important.

Intelligent Vehicle Electrical Power Supply System with Central Coordinated Protection

The current research of vehicle electrical power supply system mainly focuses on electric vehicles（EV） and hybrid electric vehicles（HEV）.The vehicle electrical power supply system used in traditional fuel vehicles is rather simple and imperfect;electrical/electronic devices（EEDs） applied in vehicles are usually directly connected with the vehicle＇s battery.With increasing numbers of EEDs being applied in traditional fuel vehicles,vehicle electrical power supply systems should be optimized and improved so that they can work more safely and more effectively.In this paper,a new vehicle electrical power supply system for traditional fuel vehicles,which accounts for all electrical/electronic devices and complex work conditions,is proposed based on a smart electrical/electronic device（SEED） system.Working as an independent intelligent electrical power supply network,the proposed system is isolated from the electrical control module and communication network,and access to the vehicle system is made through a bus interface.This results in a clean controller power supply with no electromagnetic interference.A new practical battery state of charge（So C） estimation method is also proposed to achieve more accurate So C estimation for lead-acid batteries in traditional fuel vehicles so that the intelligent power system can monitor the status of the battery for an over-current state in each power channel.Optimized protection methods are also used to ensure power supply safety.Experiments and tests on a traditional fuel vehicle are performed,and the results reveal that the battery So C is calculated quickly and sufficiently accurately for battery over-discharge protection.Over-current protection is achieved,and the entire vehicle＇s power utilization is optimized.For traditional fuel vehicles,the proposed vehicle electrical power supply system is comprehensive and has a unified system architecture,enhancing system reliability and security.

Agent Architecture and Collaboration for Supply Chain Management

Recently multi-agent system(MAS)is regarded as a powerful paradigm to develop and simulate complex system. Because supply chain(SC)is a complex network,it is hard to improve supply chain management(SCM)efficiency and automate SC operating process.Researchers have applied MAS in SCM viewing enterprises in SC as different functional agents collaborating to achieve common goal.In this paper a MAS-based supply chain management framework(MSF)is developed on which agents can collaborate to conduct business activities of enterprises and customers.Six kinds of functional agents are designed,namely, management agent,order receiving agent,order decomposing agent,resource agent,manufacturing-controlling agent and trans- portation agent.Through the agents’ collaboration the MSF can support SC dynamic forming and operating process.For partner selection the method to transmit customers’ order into demand matrix,and transmit enterprise’s resource capacity into resource matrix is described in detail.The MSF users decide which algorithm to be applied in matching the two matrixes,and algorithms are stored in model base.Finally the generic agent architecture is put formard.

Collaborative Supply Chain Management: A Critical Redesigning Factor

In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.

Intelligent Supply Chain Management

Fuzzy Logic is used to derive the optimal inventory policies in the Supply Chain (SC) numbers. We examine the performance of the optimal inventory policies by cutting the costs and increasing the supply chain management efficiency. The proposed inventory policy uses multi-agent and Fuzzy logic, and provides managerial insights on the impact of the decision making in all the SC numbers. In particular, we focus on the way in which our agent purchases components using a mixed procurement strategy (combining long and short term planning) and how it sets its prices according to the prevailing market conditions and its own inventory level (because this adaptivity and flexibility are key to its success). In modern global market, one of the most important issues of the supply chain (SC) management is to satisfy changing customer demands and enterprises should enhance the long-term advantage through the optimal inventory control. In this paper an intelligent multi-agent system to simulate supply chain management has been developed.

NOVEL AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BASED ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER

As a matured technique used in many fields,the distributed computer system is still a new management method for the aeronautical electrical power distribution system in our country. In this paper, a novel aircraft electrical power distribution system based on the distributed computer system is proposed. The principles, features and structure of the aircraft electrical power distribution system and the distributed computer system named electrical load management system (ELMS) are studied. The ELMS composed of four electrical load management centers (ELMCs) and two power source processors (PSPs) operates in the 1553B buses. Principles of the ELMCs and the PSPs are introduced. With the application of the distributed computer system, the aircraft electrical power distribution system is simple, adaptable and flexible.

System Dynamics Forecasting on Taiwan Power Supply Chain

This research aims to study the sustainability of Taiwan power supplychain based on system dynamics forecasting. The paper tries to investigate electricity shortage effects not only on the industrial side, but also from the standpointof society. In our model, different forecasting methods such as linear regression,time series analysis, and gray forecasting are also considered to predict the parameters. Further tests such as the structure, dimension, historical fit, and sensitivityof the model are also conducted in this paper. Through analysis forecasting result,we believe that the demand for electricity in Taiwan will continue to increase to acertain level for a period of time in the future. This phenomenon is closely relatedto Taiwan’s economic development, especially industrial development. We alsopoint out that electricity prices in Taiwan do not match with high industrialdemand, and that prices are still slightly low. Finally, the future growth trend ofTaiwan’s electricity demand has not changed, and ensuring adequate supply tomeet electricity demand to prevent potential power shortages will pose somedifficulty.

Optimal Trading Decision-Making of Power Supply Chain under Renewable Portfolio Standards

Under the background of implementing renewable portfolio standards and the ever-improving tradable green certificate scheme,the increasingly environmentally-friendly preference of power users is leading to changes in electricity demand,which,in turn,is driving changes in the decision-making behaviors of various actors in the power supply chain.Based on this,with the goal of pursuing maximum profit,consumer-power-demand functions have been introduced with some consideration of the factors of consumer preference to establish an optimal profit model for each trading subject in non-cooperative states of the power supply chain,under the constraints of meeting renewable energy portfolio standards.Here,the optimal strategy of each trading subject is presented by adopting the reverse induction method.Furthermore,examples are used to analyze factors such as the influence of environmental protection preferences,quota ratios,price substitutions,and market demand as well as the optimal profit of each trading subject in view of providing a reference for the decision-making in the power supply chain trading subjects.

Evaluation of supply chain default risk based on fuzzy influence diagram

After introducing the supply chain default risk and its causes,based on the literature review of the evaluation methods of supply chain risks,a new evaluation method called the fuzzy influence diagram which combines fuzzy sets with influence diagram theory and considers the interaction among risk factors is proposed.Furthermore,an evaluation model of the supply chain default risk is established based on the research of default risk evaluation and the fuzzy influence diagram.First,the model takes the loss of risk as a valuable node,risk factors as random nodes,drawing a risk analysis influence diagram.Then,three kinds of fuzzy sets are defined,including state fuzzy sets,probabilistic fuzzy sets and a relation fuzzy matrix.Finally,by using the fuzzy algorithm to evaluate nodes,the probability of risk occurrence and the degrees of risk loss are obtained.On the basis of the model,an instance application is used to prove its utility and effectiveness.

Game Analysis of Interfirm Cooperation with Three Modes of Supply Chains

In this paper we propose three modes of alliance structures of supply chains and discuss the cooperation mechanisms among enterprises firstly, and by analyzing the dyadic supply chains we apply the game theory to the research on cooperative relation among enterprises respectively for the three modes of alliance structures of supply chains, point out the conditions on which the supply chains can be set up and steadily keep up for a long time, and scientifically interpret the cooperative relation among enterprises.

基于小波分层解耦的氢燃料电池复合电源拖拉机能量管理策略

针对单一能量系统无法充分发挥其优势,无法较好满足拖拉机作业时随机载荷谱密度大的问题,设计了基于氢燃料电池、动力电池、超级电容并联的电动拖拉机复合式能量系统.基于Haar小波与逻辑门限规则的分层解耦控制能量管理策略,实现了负载需求功率的高频信号、次高频信号、稳态信号的分层解耦,并对解耦后的功率信号进行功率分配.进行了模型在环仿真测试,结果表明:与功率跟随式控制策略及模糊控制策略相比,所建立的分层解耦控制策略氢燃料电池平均效率在试验循环内分别提高了2.85%、1.21%,整车等效氢气消耗量分别降低了16.11%、6.88%.本控制策略可以在满足整车负载需求功率的基础上提高整车经济性,并使燃料电池以高效平稳的工作状态输出功率.

SCM和ERP结合下的供应商评估与选择决策模型

探讨了SCM和ERP结合下的供应商评估与选择决策模型及其基于AHP算法的实现思想,并介绍了一个利用此模型而设计的供应商评估与选择系统。该系统用UML进行系统分析与设计、PowerBuilder开发,提供多种数据库接口,具有较强的集成性和准则可扩充性。

优化SCM 提高企业核心竞争力

信息化浪潮正席卷全球 ,当前的竞争不再是单一企业之间的竞争 ,而是企业供应链之间的竞争。有效的供应链管理可以帮助企业提高对市场做出反应的敏捷程度和运作效率、降低运作成本 ,进而从根本上增强企业的核心竞争力。本文主要分析了SCM与传统供应链的区别 ,SCM为何能提高企业的竞争力 。

SCM在农产品物流开展中的应用

在阐释农产品物流科学内涵和剖析农产品物流发展现状的基础上,构建其发展策略,即打造现代农产品供应链,积极探索农产品的供应链管理(SCM)模式,努力促进农产品物流的发展,以期实现农产品供需的无缝对接和最大限度地增加农民收入。

建筑供应链管理模式(CSCM)应用研究

供应链管理倡导合作、共赢、集成,全面提高供应链整体竞争力,广受关注,并在制造业取得很大绩效。文章通过对制造业供应链与建筑业供应链的比较,分析了建筑供应链管理模式应用的可行性及实施步骤,研究了建筑供应链管理模式的发展趋势,并对供应链建筑管理模式与传统建筑管理模式进行了比较分析。

网络化制造环境下电子商务公司的分形SCM研究

针对网络化制造环境下电子商务公司客户需求高度不确定性,提出了基于分形理论的具有自相似、自组织、自优化功能的分形供应链,以平衡动态供应链的构建及运作的敏捷性和稳定性.阐述了分形供应链的概念,构建了电子商务公司供应链的嵌套结构及其功能模块;建立了分析器、解析器的动态支持决策模型.数值实例表明,分形供应链可以处理供应链各成员间的复杂关系,有效控制供应链管理中的不确定性,动态适应敏捷化、集成化、系统化要求的供应链管理系统.

基于SCM的装备维修器材保障模式构想

精确、及时、高效的器材保障已成为夺取现代战争胜利的关键因素。在分析我军装备维修器材保障现状的基础上,运用现代物流的供应链管理（supply chain management,SCM）理论与方法,对我军装备维修器材保障模式进行构想,提出相应的构建要点与措施,为我军装备维修器材保障的改革提供一定的启示。

基于需求功率预测的电动拖拉机能量管理策略

针对电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下电机需求电流波动比较大的特点,为了改善动力电池的输出电流过高或过低及电动拖拉机犁耕持续作业时间短的现象,利用超级电容高功率密度的特点,设计了一种锂电池+超级电容结构的双电源电动拖拉机,并建立了Amesim/Simulink联合仿真模型。以模型预测控制作为双电源系统的能量管理方法,基于长短期记忆神经网络建立电动拖拉机犁耕工况下的需求功率预测模型,使用动态规划算法求解最佳的锂电池输出电流。仿真结果表明:相比于模糊控制策略,基于模型预测控制策略有效降低了锂电池大电流放电的频率且峰值电流降低了40%,有效提高了锂电池的使用寿命;超级电容的SOC保持在比较高的范围内,且电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下的单位里程能量消耗降低了2.17%,实现了双电源电流分配最优,提高了电动拖拉机的动力性和经济性。