Research on Planning and Design of Multi-Story Prefabricated Electric Bicycle Charging Parking Lot in Urban and Rural Areas

In recent years,disorderly parking and difficult charging of electric bicycles have been challenges in urban management.The rapid growth of electric bicycles is in contradiction with the lack of dedicated parking spaces and charging service facilities in towns and villages.To solve the issue of parking and charging electric bicycles in limited urban and rural spaces,prefabricated building technology is applied to the design of a multi-story electric bicycle parking lot.The multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lot is utilized in urban and rural planning and design to upgrade parking facilities in old urban areas,land-constrained commercial areas,as well as counties,towns,and rural areas with inadequate municipal facilities.Multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lots are the application exploration of industrial buildings,and promote the high-quality development planning and construction of towns and counties and villages.Compared with the single-story metal charging station,the multi-story assembled electric bicycle parking lot has the characteristics of integrating parking and charging,being more durable and safer in structure,accommodating a large number of vehicles,and improving the space utilization rate.

Analysis and Suggestions on Management Strategies in Eco-industrial Parks in China

In the research, management strategies and problems of eco-industrial parks were mainly analyzed and some suggestions were proposed based on eco-industrial park, circular economy and ecologization of industrial park in China, providing references for ecologicalization policy design of industrial parks in China.

Industry-City Integration in Eco-industrial Park of China

Industry-city integration in industrial park has stepped into quick development with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China. Relying on the developed ecological industry chain,sustainable development ability and good ecological service,eco-industrial park is at the forefront of industry-city integration,and accumulates rich experience in practice. The operation mechanism model includes government development,development of large state-owned enterprises,and public-private partnership. The space structures involve the relation between central urban district and new industrial town,overall layout of production,living and ecological space in eco-industrial park. In the aspect of system innovation,park management system,household registration management system,cultural system of community and environmental governance system face the challenges.

Research on the Industrial Symbiosis Supporting System of Eco-industrial Park

The establishment and development of the industrial symbiosis of eco-industrial park are affected by several factors.Based on the formed industrial symbiosis supporting system chart,this article analyzes the microcosmic supporting system and macroscopic supporting system.In the microcosmic supporting system,it elaborates five aspects including key enterprises,service intermediaries in the park,symbiotic enterprises,competitors and the public in detail.Then it describes the macroscopic supporting system from four aspects of governmental participation,technological innovation,educational promotion and cultural support.Finally,combining with the current construction status of the eco-industrial park in China,it proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to build the supporting system for the eco-industrial park and provides theoretical support for the faster and better construction of the eco-industrial park in China.

Identification and Modeling of Automotive Electrical Parking Brake System for SiL Simulation

To evaluate the software behavior of the electronic control unit （ECU） of automotive electrical parking brake （EPB）, a software- in-the-loop （SiL） simulation system is built. The EPB is simulated by ARX （auto-regressive with auxiliary input） model, ARMAX （auto-regressive moving average with auxiliary input） model, and NNARMAX （neural network ARMAX） model. By system identification, the ARX（3,4,2）, ARX（4,4,2）, ARMAX（3,3,1,1）, and ARMAX（4,4,3,2） models are derived. Validation results show that the four-order ARMAX model and the NNARMAX model better simulate the actuator of the EPB.

Focus on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in developing eco-industrial parks in China

Despite the widespread incorporation of sustainable development into policy discourses, actually achieving the win-win-win scenario of economic, environmental and social development continues to be problematic. Advocates of industrial ecology suggest that shifting the basis of industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system, these gains can be achieved. In recent years, concepts drawn from industrial ecology have been used to plan and develop eeo-industrial parks （EIPs） that seek to increase business competitiveness, reduce waste and pollution, create jobs and improve working conditions. Despite a growing interest in EIPs, there have been few empirically informed studies that seek to explore the potential contribution such EIPs may make to sustainable development. This paper contributes to a developing sympathetic critique of industrial ecology by focusing on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in the course of developing eco-industrial parks, drawing upon empirical work conducted in China. The paper draws upon both an extensive survey of EIPs and in-depth interviews conducted with a range of stakeholders at some sites in China. As the paper reveals, EIPs in China are in their early stages and likewise their contribution to economic development and environmental policy, let alone social policies, is complicated and inchoate. The empirical material reveals that key features of industrial ecology such as inter-firm networking and collaboration in the form of materials interchange and energycascading are either absent or in the early planning stages. In each of the cases studied what is emerging is a form of EIP partly determined by the geographic setting and broader economic realities of the locality. While collaborative behavior between firms is central to EIP development if the potential benefits of industrial ecology are to be realized, it is important to realize that such behavior is difficult to develop from scratch through policy intervention. In conclusion, the paper suggests that expectations must be realistic for the community and location in question. As part of that realism, EIP projects must be designed to allow for a gradual approach, and each phase needs to be financially viable.

A model of techno-economic evaluation for eco-industrial park project

An eco-industrial park or estate is a community of manufactaring and service businesses located together on a common property. The goat of ElP is to create a win-win harmonious development aspect of ecooomic development and environmental protection. This paper emphasizes that the external .effect of an EIP is its main characteristic of technoeconomic evaluation for eco-industrial park project. From the view of the property, rights, the EIP＇s product is typicalty public-private. The government should take some inca.rares for the quantitative analysis on ecological positive externalities of the enterprises in EIP, and also should adopt Coase＇s Theorem, which supports that the market transaction is the best way to deal with positive externalities （external economics or diseconoraics）, or Pigou＇s Theorem, which holds that the government anti-positive externalities programs are the best way to cope with positive externalities, to internalize the EIP＇s external effects, which is also a fundamental tool to encourage investors to actively invest in EIP projects, Furthermore. this paper thinks that the EIP ＇s income should be equal to the income of staple products of the private property, and that of its by-products of the public property. According to this principle, this paper has put forward three major indicators, net present value （NPV）, internal rate of renan （IRR）, and investment repayment period （IRP）, which are also extensively used indicators in ardinary project techno-economic evaluation model to evaluate EIP technoeconomic effects. Theoretically, the indicatory not only can be used in EIP project evaluation, but also can provide a quantitative measure toot for the government to support EIP＇s construction to the maximum. In the end. a case is analyzed.

正交Park变换在同步电机分析中的应用

通过正交变换的方法,推演出基于正交变换的dq0坐标系同步电机的基本方程,证明了方程变换前后电磁功率是“守恒”的,电感系数矩阵也具有互易性。对基于正交变换的dq0坐标系同步电机方程标幺值形式进行了推导,推导出各电感系数的基准值。

基于时空域Park变换的超薄直线电机阵列集成式联动驱动控制新方法

为了解决超薄直线电机阵列式电织针的驱动方案与经济成本之间的根本性矛盾,介绍了一种基于时空域Park变换的集成式联动驱动控制新方法。将电织针阵列运动的行波函数引入Park变换中的电角度参数,将各台电机的空间位置与电机轴的电角度联系起来,从而使得电机阵列中每台电机均具有统一的空间基准;以行波运动为目标,基于Park变换得到各超薄直线电机三相绕组驱动信号波形;基于信号传输的调制解调原理与电机驱动的V/F调制技术,在时空域中对多电机功率驱动信号采样和调制,达成多功率驱动信号波形串行传输的效果,最后在各电机端抽样重组恢复出等效的单电机驱动信号。从理论研究意义上看,所提新方法属于运动介质中的电磁场问题,或者说狭义相对论在工程中运用面临的基础理论问题;就工程应用价值而言,所提新方法能采用单一或少量的驱动器和线缆实现大量电机联动控制,从而最大程度实现降低多轴联动控制系统成本的目标。

Quantifying Contribution of DER-Integrated EV Parking Lots to Reliability of Power Distribution Systems

In the future smart cities,parking lots(PLs)can accommodate hundreds of electric vehicles(EVs)at the same time.This trend creates an opportunity for PLs to serve as a potential flexibility resource,considering growing penetration of EVs and integration of distributed energy resources DER(such as photovoltaic and energy storages).Given this background,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to investigate the potential role of DER-integrated PLs(DPL)with the capability of vehicle-to-grid(V2G)in improving the reliability of the distribution network.For this aim,first,an overview for the distribution system with DPLs is provided.Then,a generic model for the available generation capacity(AGC)of DPLs with consideration of EV scheduling strategy is developed.On the above basis,an iterative-based algorithm leveraging sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to quantify the contribution of DPLs to the reliability of the system.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of numerical studies are carried out.The simulation results show that the integration of DPLs with the V2G capability could help to improve the reliability performance of distribution grid to a great extent and reduce the adverse impact incurred by EV accommodation,if utilized properly.

Planning mode and realization path of regional characteristic ecoindustrial park

Starting from the regional characteristic industrial park planning plan,a horizontal comparison of domestic and foreign typical urban regional industrial park planning cases is carried out,and the commonalities characteristics are analyzed to explore the regularity and universality of the Tonghua urban characteristic industrial park.Under the guiding principles for planning and development of ecological industrial parks,the city’s resource advantages,industry goals and positioning are studied and analyzed from the perspectives of the government,market,and enterprises.It is pointed out that the government should formulate policies,regulations and the construction of characteristic industrial parks in combination with new planning methods.The market should build industrial parks with the support of industrial stimulus and technological innovation.Finally,it summarizes the realization path of regional characteristic industrial parks from five aspects:positioning and goals,ways to achieve goals,profit models,customers and values,basic advantages and exclusive resources.

多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网双层优化调度研究

随着园区综合能源系统的不断发展与普及,其与上级大电网并网实现交互已成为大势所趋。文中构建了通过联络线相耦合的多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网的双层优化调度模型。在主动配电网层面,以最小运行成本为目标,充分考虑了联络线功率、分布式电源、储能设备、柔性负荷、电动汽车等可调度资源;在园区层面,以多园区总运行成本最小为目标,考虑了相互联结的多类型园区的并网情况。利用目标级联法对双层模型进行求解。通过算例验证,文中所构建模型具有良好的经济特性与削峰填谷效果,充分证明了文中所提模型的经济性与有效性。

计及电制氢和碳捕集的园区综合能源系统动态规划

“碳达峰,碳中和”目标对综合能源系统提出了低碳高效的新要求。针对园区综合能源系统的源-网-荷-储联合规划问题,基于Bellman最优理论将系统净收益最大化的规划模型进行分解,建立“风光储协同-多能互联耦合-能源消纳制氢-最优碳捕集”的多阶段动态规划模型并求解设备的最佳配置方案。结果表明,该模型在经济性和环保性方面具有显著优势,电制氢收益可观并促进电能就地消纳,碳捕集降低了系统碳排放并具有售卖CO_(2)气体和碳配额的双重收益,同时在动态规划过程中达到了最佳的电制氢配置和最优的碳捕集比例。

考虑车网互动的园区电网动态双层能量管理策略

为解决大量接入的清洁能源出力波动和充电场内汽车数量的随机变化给电网能量管理带来的困难,提出一种园区电网双层优化控制策略.上层基于模型预测控制技术建立风光储集成动态优化模型,综合应用园区电池储能系统和电动汽车(EV)电池储能系统参与电网能量平衡.下层则考虑同时满足EV车主对EV的充电需求和上层能量调度的车网互动管理需求,制定园区电网内停车场的EV有序充放电策略.仿真算例验证表明:所提策略能将分散园区各处的EV储能集成为统一虚拟储能,扩展园区电网储能系统,增加可再生分布式电源的消纳与园区电网的经济效益.

园区受端新型电力系统电力电量再平衡方法

我国工业园区电能消耗占据了较高的比例,针对依托新型电力系统促进工业园区绿色低碳发展的需要,提出了一种面向工业园区受端新型电力系统的电力电量再平衡方法。首先,开展电力和电量需求预测并进行电力电量初平衡;然后,基于受端源网荷储协同作用并充分考虑园区节能、电能替代、各类分布式电源、储能和需求响应能力的作用进行电力电量再平衡,由此确定园区年度外调电和区内自产电的比例,进一步建立包含低碳效应和电力系统规模变化在内的量化指标评价体系,对电力电量再平衡带来的变配电容量缩减规模和降碳效用进行评价。以我国南方某工业园区新型电力系统的电力电量再平衡为例对以上方法进行了验证,结果表明:该园区2030年变配电规划容量可缩减10.1%,用电综合碳排放因子由0.60 kg/(kW·h)降至0.54 kg/(kW·h);2060年变配电规划容量可缩减9.57%,电能替代实现减碳5.85万t/a,可为受端新型电力系统的电力电量平衡提供有力的理论支撑。

市场环境下考虑全周期经济效益的工业园区共享储能优化配置

为提升用户侧储能运行效率、改善投资成效,提出一种在市场环境下考虑全周期经济效益的工业园区共享储能(SES)优化配置方法。一方面,通过协调不同用户间的差异化调节需求,减少储能容量要求;另一方面,通过整合用户与SES的灵活调节能力,参与需求响应市场拓宽盈利渠道,并且考虑了SES全运行周期经济效益测算以降低投资风险。首先,结合电力市场交易规则,提出了多工业用户组建合作联盟的园区SES运营模式。其次,以运营周期内联盟总成本最小为目标,建立SES双层优化配置模型,其中,上层模型旨在形成最大化投资成效的SES规划方案,而下层模型则综合考虑分时电价、需求响应违约风险等因素形成储能的最优投标调度方式,并结合市场时序演变规律精准量化SES在全运行周期内的运营收益,对上层结果进行修正。接着,利用近似KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件将该模型转化为单层模型进行求解,结合雨流计数法与迭代法量化SES容量衰减对其配置方案的影响,并利用双边Shapley值法分摊各工业用户的投资成本。最后,算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性,并且分析了储能盈利模式、SES容量衰减以及需求响应违约风险等因素对SES投资经济效益的影响。

基于区块链的校园智能停车能源交易平台的设计

提出一个基于区块链的智能校园停车场电动汽车能源交易平台。智能停车场是能够同时支持电动汽车停车和充电服务的智能场所,该系统架构由物理和网络基础设施层组成,区块链技术是促进参与者之间能源交易的有效途径。定义了参与者、资产、交易以及相互之间的智能链接,研究了两种场景,一个场景是电动汽车作为卖方和控制器作为买方之间的能源交易,第二个场景是电动汽车作为买方和控制器作为卖方之间的能源交易。这种平台既为参与者提供了利润,又平衡了大学校园高峰时期的能源负载需求。

“双碳”目标下关于电气设计的一些思考——以产业园区的建设为例

以产业园区建设中电气设计的典型案例为例,阐述设计应秉持“确定设计内容应符合客观实际”“执行设计规范不应过度解读”及“可再生能源利用应考虑可适性”的观点,倡导设计应坚持实事求是的原则,避免不必要的资源浪费,为“双碳”目标的实现贡献设计力量。

基于画像的工业园区需求响应潜力评估

需求响应潜力的准确评估是电网调度部门制定科学合理调度计划的数据支撑,对于需求响应实施过程中涉及的各个利益主体均有重要意义。由于工业负荷用电量大且用电规律,其可挖掘的调节潜力巨大,是最理想的需求响应资源之一。首先,针对典型可调节用户,聚类分析其主要用电计划类型,并根据最大相关最小冗余准则对各用电计划进行画像;然后,以典型可调节用户不同用电计划的数据集作为训练集进行负荷超短期预测,得到典型用户在调度时段的可调节容量;最后,基于所提出的园区响应潜力评估框架,根据用电行为聚类确定各工厂所属典型可调节负荷类别,并根据各类型可调节负荷占比得到园区内对应类型负荷的可调节容量,进而得到园区总体的调节潜力。仿真结果表明,所提评估方法可分析出园区内各类可调节负荷的调节潜力,并结合园区总调节潜力的实际数据验证了评估方法的有效性。

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)普及度的不断提高,工业园区内的EV用户日益增多,其充放电行为给园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)的规划运行带来极大挑战。文中提出考虑EV充放电意愿的PIES双层优化调度。首先,基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的EV充放电模型;然后,以PIES总成本最小和EV充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定地实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的PIES双层优化调度的有效性和可行性。