An Improved Solov2 Based on Attention Mechanism and Weighted Loss Function for Electrical Equipment Instance Segmentation

The current existing problem of deep learning framework for the detection and segmentation of electrical equipment is dominantly related to low precision.Because of the reliable,safe and easy-to-operate technology provided by deep learning-based video surveillance for unmanned inspection of electrical equipment,this paper uses the bottleneck attention module(BAM)attention mechanism to improve the Solov2 model and proposes a new electrical equipment segmentation mode.Firstly,the BAM attention mechanism is integrated into the feature extraction network to adaptively learn the correlation between feature channels,thereby improving the expression ability of the feature map;secondly,the weighted sum of CrossEntropy Loss and Dice loss is designed as the mask loss to improve the segmentation accuracy and robustness of the model;finally,the non-maximal suppression(NMS)algorithm to better handle the overlap problem in instance segmentation.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average segmentation accuracy of mAP of 80.4% on three types of electrical equipment datasets,including transformers,insulators and voltage transformers,which improve the detection accuracy by more than 5.7% compared with the original Solov2 model.The segmentation model proposed can provide a focusing technical means for the intelligent management of power systems.

Operation and Management of Electrical Equipment in Iron and Steel Enterprises

How to ensure the reliable operation of the complex and huge electrical system composed of a large number of electrical equipment in iron and steel enterprises?Combined with working experience,the author introduces four main factors affecting the normal operation of equipment,analyzes five main problems existing in the operation and management of electrical equipment,and puts forward corresponding improvement measures,so as to improve the management level of electrical equipment in iron and steel enterprises.

Real-time localization for underwater equipment using an extremely low frequency electric field

A new real-time underwater equipment location method adopting an electric field induced by a standard current source is proposed.Our goals were real-time tracking and location of stationary or moving underwater equipment both in shallow and deep seas,under noisy conditions.The main features of this method are as follows:(1)a standard current source on the water surface,which can be towed by a vehicle,consisting of two electrodes,a signal generator,and a GPS unit;(2)measurement of the extremely low frequency(ELF)electric field emitted by the current source,made possible by electric field sensors on the underwater equipment;(3)position of the underwater equipment is estimated in real time based on a progressive update extended Kalman filter(PUEKF),which is carried out using the propagation model of an ELF electric field because the electric field at the position of the underwater equipment and the current source position are known.We verified the accuracy of our method and confirmed real-time location feasibility through numerical,physical scale,and real-time sea experiments.Through numerical experiments,we verified that our method works for underwater equipment location in real-world conditions,and the location error can be less than 0.2 m.Next,real-time location experiments for stationary underwater measuring equipment in water tank were conducted.The result shows that the location error can be less than 0.1 m.We also confirmed real-time location feasibility through the use of offshore experiment.We expect that our method will complement conventional underwater acoustic location methods for underwater equipment in acoustically noisy environments.

Experimental and analytical studies on multiple tuned mass dampers for seismic protection of porcelain electrical equipment

Porcelain electrical equipment （PEE）, such as current transformers, is critical to power supply systems, but its seismic performance during past earthquakes has not been satisfactory. This paper studies the seismic performance of two typical types of PEE and proposes a damping method for PEE based on multiple tuned mass dampers （MTMD）. An MTMD damping device involving three mass units, named a triple tuned mass damper （TTMD）, is designed and manufactured. Through shake table tests and finite element analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the PEE are studied and the effectiveness of the MTMD damping method is verified. The adverse influence of MTMD redundant mass to damping efficiency is studied and relevant equations are derived. MTMD robustness is verified through adjusting TTMD control frequencies. The damping effectiveness of TTMD, when the peak ground acceleration far exceeds the design value, is studied. Both shake table tests and finite element analysis indicate that MTMD is effective and robust in attenuating PEE seismic responses. TTMD remains effective when the PGA far exceeds the design value and when control deviations are considered.

An Improved Biometric Fuzzy Signature with Timestamp of Blockchain Technology for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the system.Therefore,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult problem.This paper proposes an improved time-stamped blockchain technology biometric fuzzy feature for electrical equipment maintenance.Compared with previous blockchain transactions,the time-stamped fuzzy biometric signature proposed in this paper overcomes the difficulty that the key is easy to be stolen by hackers and can protect the security of information during operation and maintenance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

Japanese National Safety Standards for Electrical Equipment

I am working in Japan electrical safety & environment technology laboratory, which is called JET for short. In JET, we are carrying out the safety test of electrical equipment according to Japanese domestic standards or IEC standards. And in my section, our stuff is drafting some national safety standards harmonized with IEC in cooperation with the government. The standards are applied for the mandatory regulation and other schemes.……

Hardware,Machines & Electrical Equipment From Wenzhou

Scissors and locks are famous products from Wenzhou. Now scissors from the city including multi-purpose, tailoring, tourist and special-purpose ones and exquisite fruit and artistic knives have entered the world market. At the

NINGBO TENDERING CENTER OF MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT

Ningbo TenderingCenter of Machinery andElectric Equipment wasestablished with the ap-proval by the CompetantState Department andNingbo Municipal Gov-ernment.It is a legal en-tity subordinated to Ning-bo Municipal EconomicCommittee,specializingin tendering service un-der the supervision,in-spection and guidance ofthe China National Ten-dering Center of Machin-ery and Electric Equip-ment.

Companies’ E-waste Estimation Based on General Equilibrium The­ory Context and Random Forest Regression Algorithm in Cameroon: Case Study of SMEs Implementing ISO 14001:2015

Given the challenge of estimating or calculating quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)in developing countries,this article focuses on predicting the WEEE generated by Cameroonian small and medium enterprises(SMEs)that are engaged in ISO 14001:2015 initiatives and consume electrical and electronic equipment(EEE)to enhance their performance and profitability.The methodology employed an exploratory approach involving the application of general equilibrium theory(GET)to contextualize the study and generate relevant parameters for deploying the random forest regression learning algorithm for predictions.Machine learning was applied to 80%of the samples for training,while simulation was conducted on the remaining 20%of samples based on quantities of EEE utilized over a specific period,utilization rates,repair rates,and average lifespans.The results demonstrate that the model’s predicted values are significantly close to the actual quantities of generated WEEE,and the model’s performance was evaluated using the mean squared error(MSE)and yielding satisfactory results.Based on this model,both companies and stakeholders can set realistic objectives for managing companies’WEEE,fostering sustainable socio-environmental practices.

Importance of Life Cycle Analysis of the Printed Circuit Board Computer

It is estimated that there is a generation of 307,224 ton/year [1] of waste from electronic and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Mexico, of which 10% is recycled, 40% remains stored and 50% reaches landfills or uncontrolled dumps. In the practice, even the regulatory instruments are not consolidated and the adequate management of the use of WEEE management, so the aim of this study is an analysis of life cycle of printed circuit boards (TCI) to identify the management alternatives that represent the least impact to the environment. This assessment was carried out using software SIMAPRO to determine the environmental impact of each scenario, through the comparison of impacts and the proposed improvements to reduce it, following phases of this methodology by applying standards, ISO 14040/ISO 14044 [2], using data from the INE official reports since 2006 until 2010 which concentrate the information of the WEEE problem in Mexico. These data were pooled to carry out inventories according to the availability in the information, identifying the environmental impacts generated by processing. The conclusions of the LCA will serve to identify the stage with greater environmental impact, and thus propose ideas for improvement in order to minimize this impact.

Recovery of Metals from Anodic Dissolution Slime of Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipment（WEEE） by Extraction in Ionic Liquids

The recovery of metals from a multi-component alloy obtained by crushing, melting and anodic dissolution of waste from electric and electronic equipment（WEEE） was investigated. The anodic dissolution of the alloy was carried out in an electrolysis cell with one copper cathode and a central cast anode, immersed in the electrolyte formed by choline chloride-ethylene glycol-iodine. The temperature of the electrolyte during the process was 343 K. Depending on the electrolysis parameters（current density and cell voltage）, cathodic deposits of Sn, Pb and Zn of 〉99% purity were obtained. Cyclic voltammetry was used in order to determine the deposition potentials of the studied metals. The obtained metallic deposits were subject of determination of XRD, SEM/EDX and AFM in order to evidence the deposits structure and morphology. The experiments performed demonstrated the possibility of separating/selective recovery of metals from the multi-component alloy resulted from the waste from electrical and electronic equipment by anodic dissolution in ionic liquids.

Managing economic and social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for waste electrical and electronic equipment

In addition to maximizing economic benefits, reverse supply chains should further seek to maximize social benefits by increasing the quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment （WEEE）. The paper investigates cooperative models with different parties in a three-echelon reverse supply chain for WEEE consisting of a single collector, a single remanufacturer, and two retailers based on complete information. In acldition, the optimal decisions of four cooperative models and the effect of the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products and the market share of two retailers on the optimal decisions are discussed. The results indicate that optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain are maximized in a centralized model. The optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity increase with an increase in the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products. The three-echelon reverse supply chain consisting of duopolistic retailers maximizes total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain fbr WEEE.

A comparative study on grid resource utilization rate between China Southern Power Grid and National Grid Plc of UK

Grid resource utilization rate plays a key role in power grid operation.Although the proportion of population and the area in China Southern Power Grid(CSG)and National Grid Plc of UK(NG)are nearly,grid resources utilization of CSG is lower than that of NG.In this paper,the utilization of human resources and equipment resources of CSG and NG have been reviewed.It is discovered that there is a large gap between these two companies.The results show that the utilization in CSG is about 20%to 50%of that in NG.And it is estimated that if the equipment resources utilization of CSG increases to the level of NG in 2012,the coal consumption and thus CO2 emissions would be reduced by 17 million tons and 21 million tons,respectively.As China is a developing country and Britain is a mature developed country,it is to some extent reasonable that grid resources utilization of CSG is lower than that of NG.The benefits of improving equipment resources utilization are illustrated in detail,which provided the reference for developing the grid resource utilization in China.

Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

As the Electrical and Electronic Equipment （EEE） are upgraded more frequently in China, a large quantity of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment （WEEE） was and will be generated. It becomes an urgent issue to develop and adopt an effective End-of-Life （EoL） strategy for EEE in order to balance the resource recovery and environmental impacts. In an EoL strategy hierarchy for EEE, reuse strategy is usually deemed to be prior to materials recovery and other strategies. But in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are always context-dependent. Therefore, main EoL strategies for EEE in China need to be evaluated in environment and resources aspects from the life cycle perspective. In this study, the obsolete refrigerator and Power Supply Unit （PSU） ofdesktop PC are both taken as the target products. Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） is applied to assess the environmental impacts of different EoL scenarios in China： Unit Reuse Scenario （URS）, Component Reuse Scenario （CRS） and Materials Recovery Scenario （MRS）. The LCA results show that the EoL strategies hierarchy is reasonable for the part＇of computer, bui not necessarily suitable for obsolete refrigerators. When the policy makers promote or demote one EoL strategy especially reuse, it is necessary to take subsequent impacts into consideration.

Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Catalytic pyrolysis of thermoplastics extracted from waste electrical and electronic equipment （WEEE） was investigated using various fly ash-derived catalysts. The catalysts were prepared from fly ash by a simple method that basically includes a mechanical treatment followed by an acid or a basic activation. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques. The results showed that not treated fly ash （FA） is characterized by good crystallinity, which in turn is lowered by mechanical and chemical treatment （fly ash after mechanical and acid activation, FAMA） and suppressed almost entirely down to let fly ash become completely amorphous （fly ash al^er mechanical and basic activation FAMB）. Simultaneously, the surface area resulted increased. Subsequently, FA, FAMB and FAMA were used in the pyrolysis of a WEEE plastic sample at 400~C and their performance were compared with thermal pyrolysis at the same temperature. The catalysts principally improve the light oil yield： from 59 wt.% with thermal pyrolysis to 83 wt.% using FAMB. The formation of styrene in the oil is also increased： from 243 mg/g with thermal pyrolysis to 453 mg/g using FAMB. As a result, FAMB proved to be the best catalyst, thus producing also the lowest and the highest amount of char and gas, respectively.

An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective

Waste electrical and electronic equipment （WEEE） is a rapidly growing category of solid waste. China is now facing WEEE problems from both growing domestic generation and illegal imports. Currently, the amount of WEEE formally treated has increased steadily in China. The layout of the formal sector has been basically completed. Meanwhile, by controlling illegal disassembly activities, the informal sector has been gradually transformed to formal one. Beginning with the overview of the WEEE recycling industry in China, this paper first lists the latest progress in WEEE management from such aspects as the new edition of China RollS Directive （Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive）, the updated WEEE Treatment List, the updated WEEE fund standard, the revised National Hazardous Waste List, and a brand-new plan on extended producer responsibility. In so doing, we elucidate the current challenges on WEEE management in detail： the imbalance between fund levies and subsidies, the gap in the supervision scope, the homogenization of recycling industry and the lack of life cycle approaches. Finally, a conceptual framework for integrated management of WEEE is proposed from a life cycle perspective. Overall, the life cycle management of WEEE includes three aspects： developing life cycle information for decision-making, implementing life cycle engineering with life cycle tools, and improving WEEE legislation based on life cycle thinking. By providing specific operating strategies, this life cycle framework should help to optimize WEEE management in developing countries where legislation is imperfect and the recycling system is relatively immature.

Improvement potential of today＇s WEEE recycling performance： The case of LCD TVs in Belgium

Waste of electrical and electronic equipment （WEEE） constitutes one of the most relevant waste streams because of the quantity and presence of valuable materials. However, there is limited knowledge on the resource potential of urban mining WEEE, as data on material composition, and the efficiency of current recycling treatments are still scarce. In this article, an evaluationof the recycling performance at a national level for one of the fastest growing e-waste streams： LCD TVs is carried out through the following four steps. Firstly, material characterisation is performed by means of sampling of the waste stream. Secondly, a material flow analysis is conducted by evaluating the separation performance of a recycling plant in Belgium..Thirdly, the recovered economic value and avoided environmental impact （EI） of the analysed recycling system is assessed. Finally, the potential of urban mining for Belgium is forecasted. The analysis shows that while recycling performance for ferrous metals and aluminium are relatively high; there is substantial room to better close the material loops for precious metals （PM） and plastics. PMs and plastics account for 66 % of the economic value in LCD TVs and 57% of the El. With the current, commonly applied recycling technology only one-third of the PM and housing plastics are recycled; meaning that for＇these material＇s, at a national level for Belgium, there is a potential for improvement that represents 3.3 million euros in 2016 and 6.8 million euros in 2025.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of city-level WEEE generation from different sources in China

China stands as one of the leading producers of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE),facing significant challenges in managing the substantial volumes generated.Despite existing regulations,the informal treatment of WEEE persists in some areas due to inadequate recycling networks at the city level.Consequently,there is a critical need for a detailed geographical mapping of WEEE generation to address improper disposal practices effectively.This study introduces the cMAC–EEEs(city Material Cycles and Manufactured Capital–EEEs)database,providing estimates of WEEE generation across approximately 300 prefecture-level cities from 1978 to 2017.It focuses on five commonly used types of electrical and electronic equipment(refrigerators,air conditioners,washing machines,computers,TVs)originating from three key sources(urban residents,rural residents,enterprises).The findings reveal(1)significant spatial variation in WEEE generation within China,with eastern and central city clusters identified as hotspots,particularly for urban residents and enterprises,while the western region exhibits the highest growth rate in WEEE generation,notably among rural residents.(2)The growth in obsolete computers and air conditioners is prominent,especially in rural areas and among enterprises,whereas the generation of obsolete TVs,washing machines,and refrigerators is leveling off and expected to decrease in some urban areas.(3)Enterprises account for a substantial portion of WEEE generation,though uncertainties exist,necessitating further refinement.The study highlights that less developed regions lack adequate recycling facilities,with specific limitations in refrigerators and air conditioners recycling capabilities.To enhance WEEE management,it advocates for increased interregional collaboration and capacity building in less developed areas.Additionally,the regulation of WEEE from private enterprises requires improvement.At the product level,a greater focus on recycling practices for refrigerators and air conditioners is recommended.