Electro-optical properties cholesteric liquid of polymer stabilized crystal film＊

Liquid crystals （LCs） and polymers are extensively used in various electro-optical applications. In this paper, normal mode polymer stabilized cholesteric LC film is prepared and studied. The effects of chiral dopant and monomer concentrations on the electro-optical properties, such as contrast ratio, driving voltage, hysteresis width and response time, are investigated. The reasons of electro-optical properties influenced by the concentrations of the materials are discussed. Through the proper material recipe, the electro-optical properties of polymer stabilized cholesteric LC film can be optimized.

Experimental study of electro-optical-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser

We report the specification of a compact and stable side diode-pumped Q-switched pulsed Nd：YAG laser. We ex- perimentally study and compare the performance of the pulsed Nd：YAG laser in the free-running and Q-switched modes at different pulse repetition rates from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. The laser output energy is stabilized by using a special configu- ration of the optical resonator. In this laser, an unsymmetrical concave-concave resonator is used and this structure helps the mode volume to be nearly fixed when the pulse repetition rate is increased. According to the experimental results in the Q-switched operation, the laser output energy is nearly constant around 70 mJ with an FWHM pulse width of 7 ns at 100 Hz. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency in the Q-switched regime is 17.5%.

Electro-Optical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Obtained by High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

In this work, we studied the electro-optical properties of high-aligned carbon nanotubes deposited at room temperature. For this, we used the High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition system. This system uses a new concept of plasma generation: a planar coil is coupled to an RF system for plasma generation. This was used together with an electrostatic shield, for plasma densification, thereby obtaining high-density plasmas. The carbon nanotubes were deposited using pure methane plasmas. Three methods were used for the surface modification of the sample: reference substrate (silicon wafer only submitted to a chemical cleaning), silicon wafer with surface roughness generated by plasma etching, silicon wafer with a thin iron film and silicon wafer with diamond nano powder used as precursor materials. For each kind of silicon wafer surface, the carbon nanotubes were deposited with two different deposition times (two and three hours). The carbon nanotubes structural characteristics were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Electronic Microscope. The carbon nanotubes electrical characteristics were observed by Raman Spectroscopy and the carbon nanotubes electro-optical properties were analyzed by current vs voltage electrical measurements and photo-luminescence spectroscopy measurements. The photoelectric effect in the carbon nanotubes were determined by photo-induced current measurements. In this work, we obtained carbon nanotubes with semiconductor properties and carbon nanotubes with metallic properties. The electro-optical effects depend strongly on the substrate preparation and the deposition parameters of the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are high aligned and show singular properties that can be used for many applications.

Electro-optical properties of high birefringence liquid crystal compounds with isothiocyanate and naphthyl group

Liquid crystal（LC） compound with isothiocyanate and naphthyl group is an attractive high birefringence LC material,and can be used in optical devices. In this paper, the electro-optical properties of a series of this type of LC compounds were investigated. The melting points and enthalpy values of these LC compounds were higher than those of corresponding compounds with the phenyl group. These compounds exhibited high birefringence with a maximum value of 0.66. Fluorine substitution in the molecular almost does not affect the birefringence value. When these LC compounds with the naphthyl group were dissolved in a commercial LC mixture, the electro-optical properties depending on temperature were investigated. In the low-temperature region, LC mixtures with the naphthyl-group LC compounds exhibited higher viscosity than pure commercial LCs. In the high-temperature region, viscosity values very closely approached each other. When response performance was investigated, figure-of-merit（FoM） values were measured. The Fo M values of LC mixtures containing LC compounds with naphthyl group were lower than those of reference benzene LCs in the low-temperature region. However, in the high-temperature region, the results were reversed. These isothiocyanate LC compounds with naphthyl group can be applied in special fast-response LC device, particularly the ones used under high-temperature conditions.

High Speed Electro-Absorption Modulators for Digital and Analog Optical Fiber Communications

An electro-absorption(EA)modulator is one of key components for optical fiber communications due to the high speed,small size,low voltage and integration ability with other semiconductor devices.A 40 Gb/s InGaAsP/InP multiplequantum-well(MQW)EA modulator monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)was fabricated for digital communications.The modulator capacitance was reduced to obtain 40 GHz bandwidth,and the SOA section helped reduce the insertion loss from 18 dB to 3 dB.InGaAlAs/InP MQW EA modulators have also been fabricated and characterized for analog optical fiber communications.A low driving voltage of 2.7 V and high spurious free dynamic range of 107 dB·Hz2/3 were estimated by static and dynamic measurements.

Electro-optical dual modulation on resistive switching behavior in BaTiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2 heterojunction

The novel BaTiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2 multilayer heterojunction is prepared on a fluorine-doped tinoxide(FTO) substrate by the sol–gel method. The results indicate that the Pt/Ba TiO3/BiFeO3/TiO2/FTO heterojunction exhibits stable bipolar resistive switching characteristic, good retention performance, and reversal characteristic. Under different pulse voltages and light fields, four stable resistance states can also be realized. The analysis shows that the main conduction mechanism of the resistive switching characteristic of the heterojunction is space charge limited current(SCLC) effect. After the comprehensive analysis of the band diagram and the P–E ferroelectric property of the multilayer heterojunction, we can deduce that the SCLC is formed by the effect of the oxygen vacancy which is controlled by ferroelectric polarizationmodulated change of interfacial barrier. And the effective photo-generated carrier also plays a regulatory role in resistance state(RS), which is formed by the double ferroelectric layer Ba TiO3/BiFeO3 under different light fields. This research is of potential application values for developing the multi-state non-volatile resistance random access memory(RRAM) devices based on ferroelectric materials.

Electro-optical properties and(E,F) phase diagram of fluorinated chiral smectic liquid crystals

Fluorinated smectic liquid crystals each with a biphenyl benzoate rigid core are investigated. Molecular structures of the studied compounds have difference only in fluorine position and the length of the carbon chain. Dielectric relaxation study and electro-optical measurements are carried out with the classical SSFLC geometry. The field-induced phase transitions are studied and the（E,T） phase diagram is established.

Research on Airborne Electro-Optical Tracking and Sighting System Based on Fuzzy PID and H_∞ Control

Airborne electro-optical tracking and sighting system is a three-degree-of-freedom angular position servo system which is influenced by multi-disturbance,and its control system consists of stabilizing and tracking components.Stabilizing control is applied to track angular velocity order and control multi-disturbance under airborne condition,and its robustness should be very good;tracking control is applied to compensate tracking error of angular position.A mathematical model is established by taking the control of yaw loop as example.H∞ stabilizing controller is designed by taking the advantage of H∞ control robustness and combining with Kalman filter.A fuzzy control is introduced in general PID control to design a decoupled fuzzy Smith estimating PID controller for tracking control.Simulation research shows that the control effect of airborne electro-optical tracking and sighting system based on fuzzy PID and H∞ control is good,especially when the model parameters change and the multi-disturbance exists,the system capability has little fall,but this system still can effectively track a target.

Analysis of electro-optical intensity modulator for bunch arrival-time monitor at SXFEL

A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.

Electro-optical Properties of Liquid Crystal Composite Materials

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滚仰式光电吊舱地理导引实现与误差分析

为了提升地理导引精度和成功率,根据滚仰式光电吊舱的结构特点,通过建立坐标系统、目标坐标求解和框架角解算三个步骤,完整构建了地理导引的数学模型,并在此基础上引入了速度前馈和小区域搜索模式。同时,对受惯导测量误差和目标距离影响的框架角解算误差进行了数据仿真。结果表明:经纬误差和航向角误差对俯仰角的解算误差影响较大;而高程误差和水平姿态角误差则对横滚角的解算误差影响较大。提升惯导的定位精度,可进一步减小框架角解算误差,从而提升地理导引精度,而当航向角<0.1°,水平姿态角<0.05°时,姿态角误差的影响权重会变小,再通过减小姿态角误差提升导引精度的作用已不明显。随着目标距离的增大,框架角解算误差会急剧减小。最后进行了导引试验,其俯仰、横滚角均方差均小于0.12°,表明了算法的准确性和仿真分析的有效性。

引入重要度修正因子的复杂光电系统可靠性分配研究

以某新型复杂光电系统为研究对像,针对传统评分分配法客观性差、分配偏差大的缺点,构建重要度修正因子,提出了一种引入重要度修正因子的可靠性评分分配法。首先,运用模糊层次分析法,得到功能单元对上级功能单元/系统可靠性影响的相对重要度;然后,基于相对重要度,按照专家评分规则,得到功能单元对上级功能单元/系统可靠性影响的绝对重要度;最后,基于相对重要度和绝对重要度,构建功能单元重要度修正因子,以此修正各功能单元的评分结果。经对比验证,关重功能单元可靠性分配值较传统评分分配值至少提高6%,引入重要度修正因子的评分分配法能有效削弱传统评分分配法的主观影响,释放关重功能单元可靠性余量,提高功能单元可靠性分配的科学性、合理性,进而提高复杂系统可靠性设计水平。

晶体电光调制实验中常见“故障”诊断

为了加深操作者对实验的理解,并通过实验学会对偏振光和非线性光学等知识的应用,从实验的原理入手,揭示了晶体电光调制实验中经常出现的“故障”原因,并提出解决方案。第一,实验中输出信号出现的绝大部分问题,都可以归结为光路没有达到最佳状态。此时可以通过观察干涉圆环图样进行初步判断,再用“两平行一正交”的法则对光路进行调节。第二,输出电压增量ΔV与入射光强I_(0)成正比例变化,和调制信号幅度成反比例变化。据此可以有效地将输出电压的增量控制在合理范围内,保证实验的成效。第三,当起偏器和检偏器平行时,增加偏压后输出电压不增反降。

基于集成光学的兆伏每米强脉冲电场传感器研制

针对兆伏每米(MV/m)强脉冲电场的测量需求,设计并研制了基于集成光学的共路干涉仪(CPI)小体积宽带脉冲电场传感器。基于电光效应及电光调制原理,建立了传感器的幅度和频率响应传递函数,分析了集成光学探头的接收特性,并推导了探头灵敏度和带宽随波导长度的关系。设计了适用于MV/m量级脉冲电场测量的纯光学非金属CPI传感器,提出了利用晶体宽度对测量灵敏度调控的方法,使得设计的半波电场提高了2倍以上。研制的无源探头体积小于20 mm×10 mm×5 mm、理论带宽大于4 GHz、最大测量幅度大于1.2 MV/m。研制的传感器在高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)、雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)及脉冲功率等领域具有应用前景。

基于异步光学采样的电光频率梳时间抖动测量

电光频率梳是一种单频激光器经相位调制构造的光学频率梳,具有重复频率高、灵活可调等特点,通过精确的色散控制,电光频率梳在时域上可以输出超短脉冲激光序列,其时间抖动特性对于开展精密测量等应用十分重要.本文提出一种基于双光梳异步光学采样原理测量电光频率梳时间抖动的方案.建立了时间抖动测量的理论模型并进行数值模拟.搭建了一台重复频率为10 GHz、脉冲宽度为2.6 ps的电光频率梳,并开展了时间抖动的测量实验.测量的直方图分析表明,电光频率梳的周期抖动为3.86 fs.测量装置主体为光纤结构,且不需要高速光电探测器,有望对电光频率梳、微环频率梳等新型高重频光学频率梳时间抖动的测量与优化起到关键作用.

硅光子调制器行波电极研究进展

硅光子调制器是硅基光学链路中重要的电光转换元件,而行波电极作为硅光调制器承载微波信号的关键部分,其性能是决定调制器的调制效率和传输损耗的关键因素。目前,行波电极的设计主要分为共面波导结构(Coplanar Waveguide,CPW)和共面带状线结构(Coplanar Stripline,CPS),共面带状线相对于共面波导具有更大的设计匹配范围,但信号屏蔽能力会低于CPW的双接地系统,导致高阶模式激发和多模干涉等问题出现。为优化调制器性能,许多学者提出手指形延伸电极,T型延伸电极,分段电极等形状来优化电极结构,实现阻抗匹配的同时,增强电光相互作用并降低传输损耗。本文综述了国内外学者对于行波电极的研究成果,并对行波电极的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。

小型无人机载横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷前向对地扫描技术研究

针对小型无人机平台光电载荷的挂载方式以及应用需求,提出了基于横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷实现前向对地宽区域扫描的技术方案。构建了扫描状态数学模型,提出了光电载荷依据平台参数实现扫描幅宽最大化的控制参数寻优方法,通过算例数据分析了寻优方法的合理性,并测试了寻优方法的实时性特点;采用仿真方法和挂飞方法测试了光电载荷前向对地宽区域扫描的技术状态。测试结果表明:扫描控制参数寻优方法得到的参数是最优的,在目标嵌入式平台上运行耗时少于40 ms,具备在线实时优化能力;所提扫描方法在一定平台扰动下仍可以较好地实现前向对地连续覆盖,扫描中视场重叠率是动态变化的,越靠近扫描边缘区域相邻视场的重叠范围越小;扫描范围应选取横向两端扫描控制点间所夹区域,避免扫描边缘区域因重叠率过小而产生漏扫现象。

LD端面泵浦Tm:SrF_(2)电光调Q激光器

高掺杂浓度的Tm^(3+)增益介质能通过交叉弛豫过程提高激光器的量子效率,但同时也会增加能量上转换带来的损耗,从而限制激光器效率的进一步提升。对Tm:SrF_(2)晶体的荧光特性以及激光性能展开研究。在激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦下,实现最大功率2.99 W的自由运转输出,激光器的泵浦阈值为0.89 W,中心波长1851 nm,斜效率高达82.1%。采用KTP电光调Q开关演示了Tm:SrF_(2)激光器的电光调Q输出特性。在500 Hz重复频率下,获得了1.02 mJ的最大单脉冲能量,泵浦阈值为2.01 W,最短脉冲宽度为45 ns,对应峰值功率为22.67 kW。实验结果表明,基于LD泵浦的Tm:SrF_(2)激光器具有非常高的效率,有望成为中红外光学参量振荡器(OPO)和光学参量放大器(OPA)的理想泵浦源。

引信微光机电系统安全系统研究现状与发展趋势

随着引信微小型化和智能化不断发展,电磁兼容性要求不断提升,对其安全系统提出了更高的要求。基于微光机电系统(MOEMS)技术的器件具有体积小、重量轻、能耗低、集成度高和可批量生产等特点,在引信安全系统中有较好的应用前景。对引信MOEMS安全系统的国内外研究现状开展分析,介绍了引信MOEMS安全系统的基本原理,分析了MOEMS安全系统驱动方式、加工与封装工艺、激光起爆技术与安全系统性能测试方法的现状与发展规律,归纳了当前引信MOEMS安全系统研制过程中亟待解决的问题,为推动MOEMS安全系统在火炮引信中的应用提供重要的借鉴。

基于电光聚合物薄膜的芯片式光学硅基电场传感器传感及温度特性研究

“双碳”背景下,新型电力系统的数字化转型对电力传感技术提出了更高的要求。文中针对光学电场传感器温度稳定性差的问题,提出了基于电光聚合物薄膜的芯片式光学硅基电场传感器。首先介绍了电光效应原理,电光聚合物的2阶非线性光学效应以及电光能量耦合方法,其次设计了传感器的加工流程并完成了制备,同时在敏感芯片上成功涂覆电光聚合物,最后通过搭建实验测试平台,完成了传感器的线性度、交流响应以及温度特性测试。实验结果表明,所制备的光学电场传感器在工频电场下拥有较好的线性度且灵敏度高达0.945 mV·(kV·m^(-1))^(-1),传感器在0~75℃温度范围内输出幅值及相位稳定,其幅值比最大波动为0.481 dB,相位差最大为3.82°。文中提出的传感结构切实可行地提升了光学硅基集成电场传感器的温度特性,为硅基集成光学电场传感器在电力系统中的使用提供参考方案。