In this paper, the main goal is to prepare silk fibroin nano-fiber, which is used for regenerated tissue applications. Silk scaffold nano-fibers made by electro-spinning technology can be used in regenerated tissue ap...In this paper, the main goal is to prepare silk fibroin nano-fiber, which is used for regenerated tissue applications. Silk scaffold nano-fibers made by electro-spinning technology can be used in regenerated tissue applications. The purpose of the research is to prepare a silk-fibroin nano-fiber solution for potential applications in tissue engineering. Using a degumming process, pure silk fibroin protein is extracted from silk cocoons. The protein solution for fibroin is purified, and the protein content is determined. The precise chemical composition, exact temperature, time, voltage, distance, ratio, and humidity all have a huge impact on degumming, solubility, and electro-spinning nano-fibers. The SEM investigates the morphology of silk fibroin nano-fibres at different magnifications. It also reveals the surface condition, fiber orientation, and fiber thickness of the silk fibroin nano-fiber. The results show that regenerated silk fibroin and nano-fiber can be used in silk fibroin scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications.展开更多
Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency mo...Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency modulation. The high-frequency part was chosen to select the malignant lesion using the specialties of the tumor: the higher conductivity and dielectric constant of the tumor than its host. The electric field selects the tumor, and the low-frequency amplitude modulation polarizes and excites the transmembrane proteins of the malignant cells. The dominant absorption of the energy by the microscopic clusters of the membrane rafts acts like nanoparticle heating. Exciting the membrane produces various apoptotic signals. The processes were modeled using silico and phantom experiments, which proved the concept. The preclinical verification was made in vitro and in vivo, and in the end, clinical proofs validated the method. Our objective is to follow all the development steps from the laboratory to the clinics in a trilogy of articles. This present is the first part, which deals with in silico, phantom, and in vitro research.展开更多
Studies have established that hybrid models outperform single models.The particle swarm algorithm(PSO)-based PID(proportional-integral-derivative)controller control system is used in this study to determine the parame...Studies have established that hybrid models outperform single models.The particle swarm algorithm(PSO)-based PID(proportional-integral-derivative)controller control system is used in this study to determine the parameters that directly impact the speed and performance of the Electro Search(ESO)algorithm to obtain the global optimum point.ESPID algorithm was created by integrating this system with the ESO algorithm.The improved ESPID algorithm has been applied to 7 multi-modal benchmark test functions.The acquired results were compared to those derived using the ESO,PSO,Atom Search Optimization(ASO),and Vector Space Model(VSM)algorithms.As a consequence,it was determined that the ESPID algorithm’s mean score was superior in all functions.Additionally,while comparing the mean duration value and standard deviations,it is observed that it is faster than the ESO algorithm and produces more accurate results than other algorithms.ESPID algorithm has been used for the least cost problem in the production of pressure vessels,which is one of the real-life pro-blems.Statistical results were compared with ESO,Genetic algorithm and ASO.ESPID was found to be superior to other methods with the least production cost value of 5885.452.展开更多
Due to their environmentally friendly nature and high energy density,direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted extensive research attention in recent decades.However,the actual Faraday efficiency of the ethanol oxidati...Due to their environmentally friendly nature and high energy density,direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted extensive research attention in recent decades.However,the actual Faraday efficiency of the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)is much lower than its theoretical value and the reaction kinetics of the EOR is sluggish due to insufficient active sites on the electrocatalyst surface.Pt/C is recognized as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for the EOR.Thus,the microscopic interfacial reaction mechanisms of the EOR on Pt/C were systematically studied in this work.In metal hydroxide solutions,hydrated alkali cations were found to bind with OH_(ad)through noncovalent interactions to form clusters and occupy the active sites on the Pt/C electrocatalyst surface,thus resulting in low Faraday efficiency and sluggish kinetics of the EOR.To reduce the negative effect of the noncovalent interactions on the EOR,a shield was made on the electrocatalyst surface using 4-trifluoromethylphenyl,resulting in twice the EOR catalytic reactivity of Pt/C.展开更多
CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catal...CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site.Here,we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh-based single-atom catalysis centers as model catalysts.We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms,and probed the reaction mechanism by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH^(*),rather than the adsorption strength of CO^(*),dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior.The RhN_(4)sites,which adsorb the OH^(*)intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites,showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength.From this study,it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high-performance CO electro-oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water-related reaction intermediate during catalysis.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the main goal is to prepare silk fibroin nano-fiber, which is used for regenerated tissue applications. Silk scaffold nano-fibers made by electro-spinning technology can be used in regenerated tissue applications. The purpose of the research is to prepare a silk-fibroin nano-fiber solution for potential applications in tissue engineering. Using a degumming process, pure silk fibroin protein is extracted from silk cocoons. The protein solution for fibroin is purified, and the protein content is determined. The precise chemical composition, exact temperature, time, voltage, distance, ratio, and humidity all have a huge impact on degumming, solubility, and electro-spinning nano-fibers. The SEM investigates the morphology of silk fibroin nano-fibres at different magnifications. It also reveals the surface condition, fiber orientation, and fiber thickness of the silk fibroin nano-fiber. The results show that regenerated silk fibroin and nano-fiber can be used in silk fibroin scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications.
文摘Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency modulation. The high-frequency part was chosen to select the malignant lesion using the specialties of the tumor: the higher conductivity and dielectric constant of the tumor than its host. The electric field selects the tumor, and the low-frequency amplitude modulation polarizes and excites the transmembrane proteins of the malignant cells. The dominant absorption of the energy by the microscopic clusters of the membrane rafts acts like nanoparticle heating. Exciting the membrane produces various apoptotic signals. The processes were modeled using silico and phantom experiments, which proved the concept. The preclinical verification was made in vitro and in vivo, and in the end, clinical proofs validated the method. Our objective is to follow all the development steps from the laboratory to the clinics in a trilogy of articles. This present is the first part, which deals with in silico, phantom, and in vitro research.
文摘Studies have established that hybrid models outperform single models.The particle swarm algorithm(PSO)-based PID(proportional-integral-derivative)controller control system is used in this study to determine the parameters that directly impact the speed and performance of the Electro Search(ESO)algorithm to obtain the global optimum point.ESPID algorithm was created by integrating this system with the ESO algorithm.The improved ESPID algorithm has been applied to 7 multi-modal benchmark test functions.The acquired results were compared to those derived using the ESO,PSO,Atom Search Optimization(ASO),and Vector Space Model(VSM)algorithms.As a consequence,it was determined that the ESPID algorithm’s mean score was superior in all functions.Additionally,while comparing the mean duration value and standard deviations,it is observed that it is faster than the ESO algorithm and produces more accurate results than other algorithms.ESPID algorithm has been used for the least cost problem in the production of pressure vessels,which is one of the real-life pro-blems.Statistical results were compared with ESO,Genetic algorithm and ASO.ESPID was found to be superior to other methods with the least production cost value of 5885.452.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC1910601National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52104402HBIS Group Co.,Ltd Key R&D Program under Grant,Grant/Award Numbers:20210032,HG2022111。
文摘Due to their environmentally friendly nature and high energy density,direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted extensive research attention in recent decades.However,the actual Faraday efficiency of the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)is much lower than its theoretical value and the reaction kinetics of the EOR is sluggish due to insufficient active sites on the electrocatalyst surface.Pt/C is recognized as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for the EOR.Thus,the microscopic interfacial reaction mechanisms of the EOR on Pt/C were systematically studied in this work.In metal hydroxide solutions,hydrated alkali cations were found to bind with OH_(ad)through noncovalent interactions to form clusters and occupy the active sites on the Pt/C electrocatalyst surface,thus resulting in low Faraday efficiency and sluggish kinetics of the EOR.To reduce the negative effect of the noncovalent interactions on the EOR,a shield was made on the electrocatalyst surface using 4-trifluoromethylphenyl,resulting in twice the EOR catalytic reactivity of Pt/C.
基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Numbers:20180101030JC,20190201270JC,20200201001JCNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21633008,21673221,21875243,U1601211+1 种基金Research Innovation Fund,Grant/Award Number:DNL202010Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government,Grant/Award Number:2020JH6/10500021。
文摘CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site.Here,we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh-based single-atom catalysis centers as model catalysts.We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms,and probed the reaction mechanism by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH^(*),rather than the adsorption strength of CO^(*),dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior.The RhN_(4)sites,which adsorb the OH^(*)intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites,showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength.From this study,it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high-performance CO electro-oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water-related reaction intermediate during catalysis.