Refinement of Bouguer anomalies derived from the EGM2008 model,impact on gravimetric signatures in mountainous region:Case of Cameroon Volcanic Line,Central Africa

Global geopotential models have not included the very high frequencies of the Earth’s external gravity field.This is called omission error.This omission error becomes more important in mountainous areas(areas with highly variable topography).The work reported here consists in reducing the omission error in measurements of Bouguer gravity anomalies,by refining the global geopotential model EGM2008 using the spectral enhancement method.This method consists in computing the residual terrain effects and then coupling them to the gravimetric signal of the global geopotential model.To compute the residual terrain effects,we used the Residual Terrain Model(RTM)technique.To refine it required a reference surface(ETOPO1)developed up to degree 2190(the maximum degree of the EGM2008 model)and a detailed elevation model(AW3D30).Computation was performed with the TC program of the GRAVSOFT package.The topography of the study area was assumed to have a constant density of 2670 kg/m3.For the inner and outer zones,the respective integration radii of 10 km and 200 km have been chosen.We obtained very important RTM values ranging from−53.59 to 34.79 mGal.These values were added to the gravity anomalies grid of the EGM2008 model to improve accuracy at high frequencies.On a part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and its surroundings(mountainous area),we made a comparison between the residual Bouguer anomalies before and after refinement.We report differences ranging from−37.40 to 26.40 mGal.We conclude that the impact of omission error on gravimetric signatures is observed especially in areas with high variable topography,such as on the Cameroon Volcanic Line and around the localities of Takamanda,Essu,Dumbo,and Ngambe.This finding illustrates the great influence that topography has on accurate measurement of these gravity anomalies,and thus why topography must be taken into account.We can conclude that in preparing a global geopotential model,a high resolution DTM must be used to decrease the omission error:the degree of expansion has to increase in order to take the higher frequencies into account.The refined Bouguer anomalies grid presented here can be used in addition to terrestrial gravity anomalies in the study area,especially in mountainous areas where gravimetric data are very sparse or nonexistent.

EGM 2008模型在水利工程测绘中的应用探讨

水利工程通常具有巨大的地理空间范围和复杂的地形条件,在工程设计和施工阶段需要准确的地理信息,因此对数据的准确性和可靠性要求很高。基于EGM 2008模型的GNSS高程拟合方法获得的正常高可以达到较高等级的精度要求,可以满足大比例尺地形图测绘,数字航空摄影测量等任务。本文通过EGM 2008模型在GNSS数据处理的应用研究,阐述GNSS拟合高程计算的原理和方法,并进一步说明其在GNSS控制网数据处理,网络RTK技术方面的应用。最后通过实际案例证明其成果的准确性和可靠性。

基于AHP-EGM模型的镇江-上海自贸区服务业对接对策研究

承接上海自贸区服务业的产业转移是镇江市同上海自贸区对接发展的重要思路,已有文献中关于地区对自贸区服务业的承接能力的相关研究较少。首先通过AHP-EGM模型对镇江市的服务业承接能力进行了评价,得出权重及专家评分结果,然后根据评分结果和实际情况为镇江-上海自贸区服务业对接工作提出对策建议。

改进EGM模型对特高压输电线路的适用性与验证

为了更准确地分析我国特高压输电线路雷电绕击屏蔽性能,基于我国长空气间隙放电试验数据和雷电回击观测数据,建立考虑地形条件的适应于大尺寸输电线路雷电屏蔽性能评估的改进电气几何模型(electric geometry model,EGM)并进行验证,将击距公式修正为rs=0.13(I^(2)+40I)^(0.814)。改进EGM模型对超、特高压输电线路三相导线的雷电绕击率计算结果与日本实际线路雷击观测数据及我国平原、山区特高压输电线路雷击模拟试验数据具有一致性,验证了改进EGM模型的适用性。采用改进EGM模型评估了杆塔型式、山坡陡度对我国特高压线路绕击跳闸率的影响。计算结果表明,采用SZ322型杆塔的绕击跳闸率高于采用SZT1型杆塔,且特高压线路绕击跳闸率随山坡陡度的增大而增大。EGM模型的修正以及计算方法的优化,对我国特高压输电线路雷电屏蔽性能的设计具有一定的指导意义。

混凝土坝变形Wavelet-EGM-PE-ARIMA组合预测模型

混凝土坝的总变形可以归结为由水压和温度变化引起的变形以及随时间发展的变形。其中,水压变形和温度变形体现为总变形中的周期性分量,而时效变形体现为总变形中的趋势性分量。借助复合建模思想,提出一种混凝土坝变形Wavelet-EGM-PE-ARIMA组合预测模型。首先利用小波多分辨分析功能,分解出大坝变形时间序列中的趋势性项、周期性项;其次,运用EGM模型实现对趋势性项的有效预测,采用周期外延模型实现对周期性项的有效预测,在此基础上,利用ARIMA模型实现对EGM模型和周期外延模型残差项的有效预测;最后通过某工程实例,检验所提出模型的有效性。计算结果表明:该组合模型充分考虑大坝各变形分量的变化规律,并基于此,实现对大坝变形时间序列有效的拟合和预测,且其拟合和预测精度均明显优于传统统计模型。

基于激光雷达点云的输电线路雷电绕击EGM模型参数智能提取算法

地形地貌与线路结构是基于电气几何模型(electro-geometricmodel,EGM)开展输电线路雷电绕击风险评估的关键几何参数。机载激光雷达虽为EGM模型几何参数提取提供了高质量的数据支撑,但现有参数提取方法存在自动化程度低,及制约绕击风险评估差异化、精细化工程便利性的问题。为此,提出了一种基于激光雷达点云的EGM模型几何参数智能提取算法。首先,对输电通道屏蔽关系以及EGM模型几何参数需求进行分析;然后,建立了基于点云数据的EGM模型参数测量算法及流程,制定了全通道的小颗粒度自动遍历策略。某500 kV山区线路典型档距案例验证结果表明,提出的算法能自主识别待评估导线并筛选参数提取需要的样本点云,可自动遍历实现EGM模型参数的提取测量,并具有良好的准确性、普适性、稳定性。研究成果可为复杂地形输电线路绕击风险差异化精细化评估提供技术支撑。

基于EGM的山区爬坡线路绕击跳闸率计算

针对山区架空输电线路翻越山坡时,线路的平均高度和保护角均发生变化的情况,对山坡倾角与线路平均高度、山坡倾角与保护角的关系进行分析,提出山区爬坡线路绕击率计算方法,并通过实例分析验证了该方法的可行性。

基于“EGM-PCA”组合算法的县域配电网评估模型构建

传统配电网评估模型对配电网评估目标的划分不细致,导致评估准确率低。针对这一问题,设计了基于"EGMPCA"组合算法的县域配电网评估模型。利用主成分分析法将复杂配电网目标问题分解为多个目标,进而将目标分解成若干个小目标。通过判断矩阵对目标进行权化分析并进行排序。根据排序结果,利用递归运算对县域配电网目标进行权重计算。根据权重计算结果设计了具有安全性、技术性、可靠性与经济性的县域配电网评估指标,利用评估指标构建县域配电网评估模型。实验结果表明,基于"EGM-PCA"组合算法构建的县域配电网评估模型对于配电网目标的划分较为细致,评估准确率高,具有很好的发展前景。

基于EGM2008模型确定的昆明地区似大地水准面精化

本文主要介绍了EGM2008模型与利用GPS水准点与EGM2008模型相结合进行大地水准面精化的方法。结合昆明市呈贡区部分GPS水准点数据在EGM2008模型的基础上利用GPS水准点与EGM2008模型结合计算出高程异常然后采用多项式拟合的方法拟合,最后对拟合后的结果进行了一个检验和精度评估。

基于优序图和EGM法的工程施工安全管理评价研究

为解决工程项目安全管理水平的快速评价问题,首先在分析施工安全管理涉及的主要因素基础上,建立了4个一级指标,16个二级指标的安全管理评价指标体系,其次选取简便易懂的优序图法计算各级指标的权重,选用专家评价法对项目进行逐级评价,最后结合实际工程项目验证模型的适用性。研究发现:在施工安全管理评价中人的因素和管理因素是两大核心因素,对评价结果的影响最大,影响达到70%以上;基于优序图法和EGM法的评价模型能够较为快速地得出评价结论,既能获得安全管理总体得分及等级,也容易辨识缺陷和不足。应用模型对A项目的施工安全管理进行评价,等级为良好,与实际较为符合,该方法可为企业持续提高安全管理水平提供参考。结果表明上述模型具有较好的适用性。

Construction of Earth's gravitational field model from CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE data

The basic principle of spectral combination method is discussed,and the general expressions of the spectral weight and spectral combination of the united-processing of various types of gravimetric data are shown.What＇s more,based on degree error RMS of potential coefficients,the detailed expressions of spectral combination formulae and the corresponding spectral weights in the Earth＇s gravitational field model（EGM） determination using GOCE ＋ GRACE and CHAMP ＋ GRACE ＋ GOCE are derived.The fundamental situation that ulux-champ2013 s,tongji-GRACE01,go-cons-gcf-2-tim-r5 constructed respectively by CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE data and go-cons-gcf-2-dir-r5 constructed by syncretic processing of GRACE,GOCE and LAGEOS data are explained briefly,the degree error RMS,cumulative geoid height error and cumulative gravity anomaly error of these models are calculated.A syncretic model constructed from CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE data,which is expressed by champ ＋ grace ＋ goce,is obtained based on spectral combination method.Experimentation results show that the precision of CHAMP data model is the lowest in satellite-only models,so it is not needed in the determination of syncretic models.The GRACE data model can improve the GOCE data model in medium-long wavelength,so the overall precision of syncretic model can be improved.Consequently,as many types of gravimetric data as possible should be combined together in the data processing in order to strengthen the quality and reliability with widening scope and improve the precision and spatial resolution of the computational results.

Establishment of a Geometric Geoid Model and Evaluation of the EGM2008 and EIGEN-6CA Models over the Dakar-Thies-Mbour Triangle in Senegal

High-accuracy geoid determination is an essential goal that many groups of scientists and countries are striving to achieve. Techniques for determining geoid models have evolved over time. Unfortunately, this all-important determination requires relatively substantial technical and financial resources, depending on the type of geoid to be determined. This situation justifies the inadequacy, and sometimes absence, of accurate geoid models in many countries, despite the new challenges of altimetric positioning using space or satellite positioning techniques. This study focuses on the establishment of a geometric geoid model using simplistic techniques that are accessible and applicable in restricted or wide areas, with or without gravimetric data. The study was applied to the Dakar-Thiès-Mbour triangle, the two regions in the extreme west of Senegal that are home to the most infrastructure projects with the highest socio-economic stakes, as well as mines currently being exploited, and therefore the highest stakes in terms of positioning. This study also enabled us to assess the accuracy of a number of global field models in Senegal, which are used by some professionals for altimetric positioning using Global Positioning Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the absence of a local geoid model. The estimated geoid model is based on the determination of undulation at various sample points in the study area. To this end, a campaign of GNSS observations and direct levelling was carried out on the various points spread across the study area. These measurements were then used to determine the undulation at each point. Bilinear interpolation was used to deduce the undulations throughout the study area, based on the altimeter conversion grid. This grid was evaluated using GPS/level control points.

EGM 2008模型在远距离水位观测中的应用研究

为了解决远距离水位观测中垂直基准模型的构建问题,基于EGM 2008模型,通过“移去-拟合-恢复”技术建立了测区范围内不同基准面的大地高模型。通过实例讨论了构建深度基准面大地高模型的步骤和方法。结果表明,该模型构建方法正确,模型中误差为3 cm,能满足区域范围内水位观测的需要。

A three-dimensional Moho depth model beneath the Yemeni highlands and rifted volcanic margins of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Southwest Arabia

Knowing Moho discontinuity undulation is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of lithosphereasthenosphere interaction, extensional tectonism and crustal deformation in volcanic passive margins such as the study area, which is located in the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In this work, a 3D Moho depth model of the study area is constructed for the first time by inverting gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model(EGM2008) using the ParkerOldenburg algorithm. This model indicates the shallow zone is situated at depths of 20 km to 24 km beneath coastal plains, whereas the deep zone is located below the plateau at depths of 30 km to 35 km and its deepest part coincides mainly with the Dhamar-Rada ’a Quaternary volcanic field. The results also indicate two channels of hot magmatic materials joining both the Sana’a-Amran Quaternary volcanic field and the Late Miocene Jabal An Nar volcanic area with the Dhamar-Rada’a volcanic field. This conclusion is supported by the widespread geothermal activity(of mantle origin) distributed along these channels,isotopic data, and the upper mantle low velocity zones indicated by earlier studies.

Exploring Taiwan’s China Landscape Painting Aesthetic Preferences Through Evaluation Grid Method and the Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model

The primary objective of this study is to apply the Evaluation Grid Method(EGM)and the continuous fuzzy Kano quality model to explore the cognitive preferences of Taiwan China residents regarding the beauty of Taiwan’s China landscape paintings.The aim is to contribute to the development of social and cultural art and promote the widespread appeal of art products.Through a literature review,consultations with aesthetic experts,and the application of Miryoku Engineering’s EGM,this paper consolidates the factors that contribute to the attractiveness of painting art products among Taiwan China residents,taking into account various aesthetic qualities.Simultaneously,the paper introduces the use of the triangular fuzzy golden ratio scale semantics,specifically the equal-ratio aesthetic scale semantics,as a replacement for the traditional subjective consciousness model.Departing from the traditional discrete Kano model that employs the mode as the standard for evaluating quality,this study applies triangular fuzzy numbers to the continuous Kano quality model to analyze the diverse preferences and evaluation standards of the public.The hope is that this research methodology will not only deepen Taiwan China residents’understanding and aesthetic literacy of painting art but also serve as a reference for the popularization of art products.

超/特高压输电线路雷电绕击分析方法及其适应性

输电线路雷击已成为制约电力系统安全可靠运行的首要因素,而500 kV及以上电压等级的输电线路主要以雷电绕击导线为主。该文在回顾电气几何模型发展历史的基础上,针对电气几何模型忽略大部分雷击物理过程的问题,详细分析先导发展法,包括雷击输电线路物理过程、先导发展模型参数选择、数值方法实现及模型验证,该方法能够全面模拟雷击发展的物理过程;最后,采用先导发展法分析影响线路绕击特性的因素,并讨论不同绕击分析方法的适用范围,对于500 kV及以上的超特高压线路以及同塔多回输电线路,宜采用先导发展法分析雷电绕击。该研究可为输电线路防雷设计及运行事故分析提供关键技术支撑。

基于灰色模型的我国城镇老年人体质定量预测研究

目的:定量预测我国2015—2025年城镇老年人体质状况,探析城镇老年人体质发展规律。方法:以历次全国城镇老年人体质监测数据为时间序列,建立灰色EGM预测模型,对城镇老年人体质进行预测。结果:2015—2025年,身体形态指标:各指标序列数值均呈增长趋势,但总体比2014年之前实测数据增幅小,各指标增幅男、女均为腰围>体重>胸围>臀围>身高,BMI、腰臀比继续增长;身体机能指标:肺活量呈增长趋势,女性增幅大于男性增幅;身体素质指标:男、女两性握力呈下降趋势,且女性降幅大于男性。结论:预测显示,未来10年,我国城镇老年人体质总体水平变化速度趋缓,部分身体机能与素质指标将减缓甚至扭转2000年后快速下降趋势,如呼吸功能、柔韧性等;但肥胖、握力、平衡能力等继续下滑,特别是超重与肥胖向苹果型肥胖身材变化趋势应引起警示。建议加大日常体力活动,合理膳食,提高体质健康水平。

改进电气几何模型对输电线路绕击率的计算及典型故障分析

提出了改进的电气几何模型,成功地解释了用原EGM法难以解释的现场事故原因。应用改进的电气几何模型分析了输电线路杆塔结构、避雷线和导线的布置、雷电流的幅值、地面倾角对绕击率的影响。结果表明,在地形复杂的山区,大电流也能对线路造成绕击。

微地形下输电线路绕击闪络率的计算方法

为反映地形、导线及地线高度的变化对绕击性能的影响,提出了一种获取输电线路微地形及导线、地线与地面的相对位置的方法,并在此基础上计算输电线路杆塔的绕击闪络率。首先沿线路方向将输电走廊进行近似等分,利用地理信息软件得到各分段的海拔高度和地面倾角这2个微地形参数;其次根据导线、地线的特性,结合各分段海拔高度,得到任意分段处导线、地线与地面的实际相对位置,最后以电气几何模型(electrical geometry model,EGM)为基础,计算各分段及各杆塔的绕击闪络率。以某500 kV线路为例,计算其实际微地形下输电线路杆塔的绕击闪络率,结果表明该方法不仅能够反映输电线路的绕击范围,而且能够得到输电线路容易遭受雷击的杆塔;遭受过雷击的杆塔位于易击区间,证明了该方法的有效性。

综合考虑风偏、地形和工作电压的特高压交流线路雷电绕击性能

由于特高压线路本身的特点,雷电绕击是危及特高压输电线路安全可靠运行的主要因素之一,而现有评估输电线路绕击跳闸率的EGM模型难以取得与线路实际运行经验相一致的结果。为确保我国特高压线路安全稳定运行,研究改进特高压架空线路的绕击性能预测模型是当前我国特高压试验示范工程亟待解决的重要课题之一。本文综合考虑国内外已有成果,包括雷电对导线、地线和大地三者击距的差异、风偏影响、地形影响和导线工作电压影响等,提出综合考虑这些因素的改进EGM。应用改进模型,对我国UHVAC试验示范工程初步设计的ZMP2和ZBS2塔型的线路进行了绕击性能分析。仿真结果表明,随着地面倾角的增大,在只考虑导线工作电压峰值和考虑导线工作电压随相位变化这两种情况下,绕击跳闸率差别可达0.16次/100km.a,因此必须考虑雷击时导线工作电压相位的概率分布。随着风速和地面倾角的增大,绕击跳闸率呈加速度增长。杆塔为ZBS2的线路,在所考察范围内不会发生绕击跳闸,而杆塔为ZMP2的线路,只有当地面倾角小于10°时,才能满足特高压线路对绕击跳闸率的要求。