Research into converting waste into viable eco-friendly products has gained global concern.Using natural fibres and pulverized metallic waste becomes necessary to reduce noxious environmental emissions due to indiscri...Research into converting waste into viable eco-friendly products has gained global concern.Using natural fibres and pulverized metallic waste becomes necessary to reduce noxious environmental emissions due to indiscriminately occupying the land.This study reviews the literature in the broad area of green composites in search of materials that can be used in automotive brake pads.Materials made by biocomposite,rather than fossil fuels,will be favoured.A database containing the tribo-mechanical performance of numerous potential components for the future green composite was established using the technical details of bio-polymers and natural reinforcements.The development of materials with diverse compositions and varying proportions is now conceivable,and these materials can be permanently connected in fully regulated processes.This explanation demonstrates that all of these variables affect friction coefficient,resistance to wear from friction and high temperatures,and the operating life of brake pads to varying degrees.In this study,renewable materials for the matrix and reinforcement are screened to determine which have sufficient strength,coefficient of friction,wear resistance properties,and reasonable costs,making them a feasible option for a green composite.The most significant,intriguing,and unusual materials used in manufacturing brake pads are gathered in this review,which also analyzes how they affect the tribological characteristics of the pads.展开更多
Hybrid materials collected from organic and inorganic sources,which are traditionally used as brake lining materials,generally include fly ash,cashew shell powder,phenolic resins,aluminium wool,barites,lime powder,car...Hybrid materials collected from organic and inorganic sources,which are traditionally used as brake lining materials,generally include fly ash,cashew shell powder,phenolic resins,aluminium wool,barites,lime powder,carbon powder and copper powder.The present research focuses on the specific effects produced by fly ash and aims to provide useful indications for the replacement of asbestos due to the health hazards caused by the related fibers.Furthermore,the financial implications related to the use of large-volume use of fly ash,lime stone and cashew shell powder,readily available in most countries in the world,are also discussed.It is shown that many manufacturing and automotive industries,which are currently experiencing difficulties in meeting the increasing demand for brake lining material,may take advantage from the proposed solution.展开更多
The SiCp/Al-alloy composite front brake rotors designed for Shanghai Santana cars were prepared by semi-solid stirring+liquid forging process. The composite brake rotors were subjected to dynamometer tests on a SCHENC...The SiCp/Al-alloy composite front brake rotors designed for Shanghai Santana cars were prepared by semi-solid stirring+liquid forging process. The composite brake rotors were subjected to dynamometer tests on a SCHENCK brake testing system, referring to TL110 standard of VOLKSWAGEN Co. The friction coefficient and thermal response during fade testing and the wear performance of the composite rotors were studied as the functions of various parameters such as braking pressures, initial speeds, initial temperatures, torque and decelerations, and were compared with those of conventional cast iron rotors. The results show that the properties of the composite rotors can achieve the requirements of commercial cast iron rotors. The results also show that the friction coefficients of the composite rotors under different braking conditions are within the deviation band specified by the TL110 standard, and the temperature rise of composite rotors is lower than that of cast iron rotors at the end of each fade stop. The wear resistance of composite rotors is higher than that of cast iron rotors. The friction mechanism and wear mechanism were analyzed.展开更多
C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC...C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine.The influence of dry and wet conditions on the tribological characteristics of the C/C-SiC composites was ascertained.Under dry condition,C/C-SiC braking composites show superior tribological characteristics,including high coefficient of friction (0.38),good abrasive resistance (thickness loss is 1.10 μm per cycle) and steady breaking.The main wear mechanism is plastic deformation and abrasion caused by plough.Under wet condition,frictional films form on the worn surface.The coefficient of friction (0.35) could maintain mostly,and the thickness loss (0.70 μm per cycle) reduces to a certain extent.Furthermore,braking curves are steady and adhesion and oxidation are the main wear mechanisms.展开更多
The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon,a rough laminar(RL) pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon,before and after braking tests,were investigated by Raman spectroscopy.The fu...The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon,a rough laminar(RL) pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon,before and after braking tests,were investigated by Raman spectroscopy.The full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the D-band indicates the amount of defects in the in-plane lattice,while the G-to-D band intensity(peak area) ratios(IG/ID) is used to evaluate the degree of graphitization.The results show that the FWHM of D-band of sample with RL pyrocarbon changes greatly from 36 cm-1 to 168 cm-1 after braking tests,which indicates that a large number of lattice defects are produced on its wear surface.However,the graphitization degree of resin-derived carbon sample rises significantly,because the IG/ID increases from 0.427 to 0.928.Braking tests under normal loading conditions,involving high temperature and high pressure,produce a lot of lattice defects on the wear surface,and induce the graphitization of the surface.Sample with RL pyrocarbon having a low hardness is easy to deform,and has the most lattice defects on the wear surface after braking.While raw materials with resin-derived carbon have the lowest graphitization degree which rises greatly during braking.展开更多
The C/C composite brake discs were prepared by tri-cylindrical chemical vapor deposition （CVD） process. The optimum processing parameters were as follows: deposition temperature was 830930℃, the gas-flow rates of...The C/C composite brake discs were prepared by tri-cylindrical chemical vapor deposition （CVD） process. The optimum processing parameters were as follows: deposition temperature was 830930℃, the gas-flow rates of N2 and propylene were 4.85.2m3/h and 5.86.2m3/h, respectively, the furnace pressure was 4.55.5kPa and the deposition time was 200h.The effects of processing parameters on the densified rates, thermal-physical property and mechanical performance of C/C composite brake discs were studied. The results show that density, heat conductivity, bend strength and abrasion ratio of the multi-cylindrica brake discs are 1.021.78 g/cm3, 31W/（m·K）, 114MPa and 7μm/s, respectively, which are approximately similar to those of the single-cylindrical ones. The gas flow rate has no relation to the number of the cylinder and furnace loading. The utilization ratio of carbon can be improved by multi-cylinder CVD process without changing the characteristics of brake disc.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of automotive braking actuator for a kind of brake-by-wire system called decentralized electro-hydraulic braking system( DEHB) to replace the traditional automobile braking system. The a...This paper presents a new type of automotive braking actuator for a kind of brake-by-wire system called decentralized electro-hydraulic braking system( DEHB) to replace the traditional automobile braking system. The actuator of this system is driven by an electrical motor instead of the conventional vacuum booster to make the brake pressure be linearity controlled quickly. Therefore,the system has the advantages of quick response speed,good control performance and simple structure. Firstly,an overview of the actuator and the whole DEHB system is shown. Secondly,the possibility of this new kind of actuator working for the system is ensured based on some braking theories. Thirdly,the appropriate dynamic simulations are done to get some results to show the relations of different parameters and the effect of braking. Eventually,the proper parameters are determined to build a test bench which shows that DEHB system can achieve the maximum pressure of 13 MPa within 100 ms after parametric optimization,and meanwhile,the actuator is able to reduce pressure quickly after maintaining high pressure. All of the bench test results can meet with the design requirements and real demand of vehicle and this actuator may improve vehicle braking effect in the future. Besides,this actuator can be widely applied to the regenerative braking system because of its linear braking performance.展开更多
Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive industry.This paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive br...Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive industry.This paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brake discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite materials.The design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brake-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering design.The design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element simulations.The results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.展开更多
In order to evaluate the effects of the retarder on the braking stability quantitatively, an adhesion coefficient model is built for the composite braking produced by the retarder and the service braking system. The s...In order to evaluate the effects of the retarder on the braking stability quantitatively, an adhesion coefficient model is built for the composite braking produced by the retarder and the service braking system. The stability of composite braking is evaluated by using the model and the standard ECE R13. The evaluation results show that the composite braking stability decreases gradually with the increase of the retarder's braking force. To improve the stability, the braking force distribution of the service braking system is adjusted according to the position relationship among the braking force distribution line of the service braking system, the generalized braking force distribution line and the generalized I curve, and the constraints in ECE R13. The simulation results show that the composite braking stability can be improved significantly.展开更多
Facing the increasingly serious environmental pollution and oil crisis,the development of automobile industry is facing a very serious challenge.For the sustainable development of automobile industry,the electric vehi...Facing the increasingly serious environmental pollution and oil crisis,the development of automobile industry is facing a very serious challenge.For the sustainable development of automobile industry,the electric vehicle using motor as driving equipment can realize“pollution-free”,which has become the focus of automobile research and development in many countries.In the research and development of electric vehicles,the electric vehicles driven by electric wheels have attracted the attention of all walks of life because of their ideal control characteristics and broad application prospects.In this paper,the electric wheel drive vehicle as the research object,the electromechanical composite brake control system is studied and analyzed.展开更多
In order to improve the performance of non-asbestos composite auto brake pads that are composed of matrix resin, reinforced material and fillers, a novel method with new technology of self-heal microcapsules was propo...In order to improve the performance of non-asbestos composite auto brake pads that are composed of matrix resin, reinforced material and fillers, a novel method with new technology of self-heal microcapsules was proposed. Nano reinforced fillers＇ effects were also considered in the experiment project. Five recipe designs for new composite auto brake pads were carried out and cor-responding samples were prepared as well. The friction coefficient and wearing properties at certain temperature, impact intensity and hardness were comparatively studied. Investigations indicate that properties of such composite auto brake pads meet the requirements of the national standards while microcapsule＇s weight content varies from 5.5wt%-1.09wt% of matrix resin and microcapsule＇s loca-tion varies in the pads. Nano reinforced fillers have the effects of increasing composites＇ impact in-tensity and hardness. Application of self-healing microcapsules in auto brake pads is feasible.展开更多
To verify the effect of Al_2O_3 particle content and size as an abrasive on resin matrix friction materials for mining equipment, the tribological performance of friction materials was studied by using a blockon-ring ...To verify the effect of Al_2O_3 particle content and size as an abrasive on resin matrix friction materials for mining equipment, the tribological performance of friction materials was studied by using a blockon-ring tribotester over a wide range of applied load and sliding speed. The testing conditions simulated brake conditions of mining equipment. The antiwear property of nano-Al_2O_3 was superior to that of micro-Al_2O_3 for friction materials. The friction coefficients of specimens increased with the increase of nano-Al_2O_3 content. The wear rates decreased with increasing nano-Al_2O_3 content. The wear rates of specimens containing nano-Al_2O_3 was about 2-8 times lower than that of specimen with micro-Al2O3. The specimen with 10.5 vol% nano-Al_2O_3 showed the best tribological properties. The wear mechanism of specimens with nano-Al_2O_3 was abrasive wear and plastic deformation.展开更多
文摘Research into converting waste into viable eco-friendly products has gained global concern.Using natural fibres and pulverized metallic waste becomes necessary to reduce noxious environmental emissions due to indiscriminately occupying the land.This study reviews the literature in the broad area of green composites in search of materials that can be used in automotive brake pads.Materials made by biocomposite,rather than fossil fuels,will be favoured.A database containing the tribo-mechanical performance of numerous potential components for the future green composite was established using the technical details of bio-polymers and natural reinforcements.The development of materials with diverse compositions and varying proportions is now conceivable,and these materials can be permanently connected in fully regulated processes.This explanation demonstrates that all of these variables affect friction coefficient,resistance to wear from friction and high temperatures,and the operating life of brake pads to varying degrees.In this study,renewable materials for the matrix and reinforcement are screened to determine which have sufficient strength,coefficient of friction,wear resistance properties,and reasonable costs,making them a feasible option for a green composite.The most significant,intriguing,and unusual materials used in manufacturing brake pads are gathered in this review,which also analyzes how they affect the tribological characteristics of the pads.
文摘Hybrid materials collected from organic and inorganic sources,which are traditionally used as brake lining materials,generally include fly ash,cashew shell powder,phenolic resins,aluminium wool,barites,lime powder,carbon powder and copper powder.The present research focuses on the specific effects produced by fly ash and aims to provide useful indications for the replacement of asbestos due to the health hazards caused by the related fibers.Furthermore,the financial implications related to the use of large-volume use of fly ash,lime stone and cashew shell powder,readily available in most countries in the world,are also discussed.It is shown that many manufacturing and automotive industries,which are currently experiencing difficulties in meeting the increasing demand for brake lining material,may take advantage from the proposed solution.
文摘The SiCp/Al-alloy composite front brake rotors designed for Shanghai Santana cars were prepared by semi-solid stirring+liquid forging process. The composite brake rotors were subjected to dynamometer tests on a SCHENCK brake testing system, referring to TL110 standard of VOLKSWAGEN Co. The friction coefficient and thermal response during fade testing and the wear performance of the composite rotors were studied as the functions of various parameters such as braking pressures, initial speeds, initial temperatures, torque and decelerations, and were compared with those of conventional cast iron rotors. The results show that the properties of the composite rotors can achieve the requirements of commercial cast iron rotors. The results also show that the friction coefficients of the composite rotors under different braking conditions are within the deviation band specified by the TL110 standard, and the temperature rise of composite rotors is lower than that of cast iron rotors at the end of each fade stop. The wear resistance of composite rotors is higher than that of cast iron rotors. The friction mechanism and wear mechanism were analyzed.
基金Project(2006AA03Z560) supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(06JJ1007) supported by Excellent Youth of Hunan Province, China
文摘C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine.The influence of dry and wet conditions on the tribological characteristics of the C/C-SiC composites was ascertained.Under dry condition,C/C-SiC braking composites show superior tribological characteristics,including high coefficient of friction (0.38),good abrasive resistance (thickness loss is 1.10 μm per cycle) and steady breaking.The main wear mechanism is plastic deformation and abrasion caused by plough.Under wet condition,frictional films form on the worn surface.The coefficient of friction (0.35) could maintain mostly,and the thickness loss (0.70 μm per cycle) reduces to a certain extent.Furthermore,braking curves are steady and adhesion and oxidation are the main wear mechanisms.
基金Project(2006CB600906) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon,a rough laminar(RL) pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon,before and after braking tests,were investigated by Raman spectroscopy.The full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the D-band indicates the amount of defects in the in-plane lattice,while the G-to-D band intensity(peak area) ratios(IG/ID) is used to evaluate the degree of graphitization.The results show that the FWHM of D-band of sample with RL pyrocarbon changes greatly from 36 cm-1 to 168 cm-1 after braking tests,which indicates that a large number of lattice defects are produced on its wear surface.However,the graphitization degree of resin-derived carbon sample rises significantly,because the IG/ID increases from 0.427 to 0.928.Braking tests under normal loading conditions,involving high temperature and high pressure,produce a lot of lattice defects on the wear surface,and induce the graphitization of the surface.Sample with RL pyrocarbon having a low hardness is easy to deform,and has the most lattice defects on the wear surface after braking.While raw materials with resin-derived carbon have the lowest graphitization degree which rises greatly during braking.
文摘The C/C composite brake discs were prepared by tri-cylindrical chemical vapor deposition （CVD） process. The optimum processing parameters were as follows: deposition temperature was 830930℃, the gas-flow rates of N2 and propylene were 4.85.2m3/h and 5.86.2m3/h, respectively, the furnace pressure was 4.55.5kPa and the deposition time was 200h.The effects of processing parameters on the densified rates, thermal-physical property and mechanical performance of C/C composite brake discs were studied. The results show that density, heat conductivity, bend strength and abrasion ratio of the multi-cylindrica brake discs are 1.021.78 g/cm3, 31W/（m·K）, 114MPa and 7μm/s, respectively, which are approximately similar to those of the single-cylindrical ones. The gas flow rate has no relation to the number of the cylinder and furnace loading. The utilization ratio of carbon can be improved by multi-cylinder CVD process without changing the characteristics of brake disc.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology R&D Program of China(Grant No.2012AA111204 and 2012AA110903)National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB711205)Free Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy(Grant No.zz2011-052)
文摘This paper presents a new type of automotive braking actuator for a kind of brake-by-wire system called decentralized electro-hydraulic braking system( DEHB) to replace the traditional automobile braking system. The actuator of this system is driven by an electrical motor instead of the conventional vacuum booster to make the brake pressure be linearity controlled quickly. Therefore,the system has the advantages of quick response speed,good control performance and simple structure. Firstly,an overview of the actuator and the whole DEHB system is shown. Secondly,the possibility of this new kind of actuator working for the system is ensured based on some braking theories. Thirdly,the appropriate dynamic simulations are done to get some results to show the relations of different parameters and the effect of braking. Eventually,the proper parameters are determined to build a test bench which shows that DEHB system can achieve the maximum pressure of 13 MPa within 100 ms after parametric optimization,and meanwhile,the actuator is able to reduce pressure quickly after maintaining high pressure. All of the bench test results can meet with the design requirements and real demand of vehicle and this actuator may improve vehicle braking effect in the future. Besides,this actuator can be widely applied to the regenerative braking system because of its linear braking performance.
文摘Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive industry.This paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brake discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite materials.The design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brake-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering design.The design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element simulations.The results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.
文摘In order to evaluate the effects of the retarder on the braking stability quantitatively, an adhesion coefficient model is built for the composite braking produced by the retarder and the service braking system. The stability of composite braking is evaluated by using the model and the standard ECE R13. The evaluation results show that the composite braking stability decreases gradually with the increase of the retarder's braking force. To improve the stability, the braking force distribution of the service braking system is adjusted according to the position relationship among the braking force distribution line of the service braking system, the generalized braking force distribution line and the generalized I curve, and the constraints in ECE R13. The simulation results show that the composite braking stability can be improved significantly.
文摘Facing the increasingly serious environmental pollution and oil crisis,the development of automobile industry is facing a very serious challenge.For the sustainable development of automobile industry,the electric vehicle using motor as driving equipment can realize“pollution-free”,which has become the focus of automobile research and development in many countries.In the research and development of electric vehicles,the electric vehicles driven by electric wheels have attracted the attention of all walks of life because of their ideal control characteristics and broad application prospects.In this paper,the electric wheel drive vehicle as the research object,the electromechanical composite brake control system is studied and analyzed.
基金Funded by the Beijing Talent and Innovation Project (No. 2006)
文摘In order to improve the performance of non-asbestos composite auto brake pads that are composed of matrix resin, reinforced material and fillers, a novel method with new technology of self-heal microcapsules was proposed. Nano reinforced fillers＇ effects were also considered in the experiment project. Five recipe designs for new composite auto brake pads were carried out and cor-responding samples were prepared as well. The friction coefficient and wearing properties at certain temperature, impact intensity and hardness were comparatively studied. Investigations indicate that properties of such composite auto brake pads meet the requirements of the national standards while microcapsule＇s weight content varies from 5.5wt%-1.09wt% of matrix resin and microcapsule＇s loca-tion varies in the pads. Nano reinforced fillers have the effects of increasing composites＇ impact in-tensity and hardness. Application of self-healing microcapsules in auto brake pads is feasible.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51405329)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M570239)
文摘To verify the effect of Al_2O_3 particle content and size as an abrasive on resin matrix friction materials for mining equipment, the tribological performance of friction materials was studied by using a blockon-ring tribotester over a wide range of applied load and sliding speed. The testing conditions simulated brake conditions of mining equipment. The antiwear property of nano-Al_2O_3 was superior to that of micro-Al_2O_3 for friction materials. The friction coefficients of specimens increased with the increase of nano-Al_2O_3 content. The wear rates decreased with increasing nano-Al_2O_3 content. The wear rates of specimens containing nano-Al_2O_3 was about 2-8 times lower than that of specimen with micro-Al2O3. The specimen with 10.5 vol% nano-Al_2O_3 showed the best tribological properties. The wear mechanism of specimens with nano-Al_2O_3 was abrasive wear and plastic deformation.
