Equivalent Method of Integrated Power Generation System of Wind, Photovoltaic and Energy Storage in Power Flow Calculation and Transient Simulation

针对工程实际开展风光储联合发电系统在潮流计算和机电暂态仿真中的等值方法研究，旨在为大容量风光储联合发电系统的并网仿真分析奠定基础。将潮流计算的等值分为单元机组和集电系统2部分来研究。单元机组等值采用根据不同控制模式选取不同节点类型的方法，针对集电系统等值提出基于损耗不变原则的方法。等值模型和详细模型的算例结果表明，潮流计算等值方法具有较好的精度。在机电暂态仿真动态等值中，基于实际工程计算的最严重工况分析原则，提出运行在满出力点的单机“倍乘”等值模型，为工程计算中的风光储联合发电系统动态等值提供了一种解决方案。

Winding Function Theory Based Thrust Calculation on Nested-loop Secondary Linear Machine Adapted to Linear Metro

With advantages of strong drive capability,nested-loop secondary linear machine(NLS-LM)has great potentiality in linear metro.For its secondary structure with multiple loops,it is difficult to calculate the electromagnetic thrust of NLS-LM reasonably.Hence,in this paper,one thrust calculation method is proposed considering variable loop inductance and transient loop current.Firstly,to establish the secondary winding function,the modeling domain is confined to a limited range,and the equivalent loop span is employed by analyzing the coupling relationship between primary and secondary.Then,in order to obtain the secondary flux density,the transient secondary current is solved based on the loop impedance and induced voltage.Finally,the electromagnetic thrust can be calculated reasonably by the given primary current sheet and the calculated secondary flux density.Comprehensive simulations and experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

New Method for 3D Transient Eddy Current Field Calculation and Its Application in Magneto-Acoustic Tomography

A new method of 3D transient eddy current field calculation is proposed. The Maxwell equations with time component elimination （METCE） are derived under the assumption of magnetic quasi static approximation, especially for the sample of low conductivity. Based on METCE, we deduce a more efficient reconstruction algorithm of a 3D transient eddy current field. The computational burden is greatly reduced through the new algorithm, and the computational efficiency is improved. This new algorithm decompounds the space-time variables into two individual variables. The idea is to solve the spatial vector component firstly, and then multiply it by the corresponded time component. The iterative methods based on METCE are introduced to recover the distribution of conductivity in magneto-acoustic tomography. The reconstructed images of conductivity are consistent with the original distribution, which validate the new method.

CALCULATION ON TWO-PHASE FLOW TRANSIENTS AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

From basic equations of gas-liquid, solid-liquid, solid-gas two-phase flow,the calculating method on flow transients of two-phase flow is developed by means of characteristicmethod. As one example, a gas-liquid flow transient is calculated and it agrees well with theexperimental result. It is shown that the method is satisfactory for engineering demand.

Numerical Calculation of Transient Flow of Polymer Foam in Porous Media

Based on the mathematical model of one dimension transient flow of the polymer foam in porous media, the numerical calculation method of the flow mentioned above by using the finite difference method is given. Through the experiments of one dimension transient flow of HPAM (Hydrolytic Polyacrylamide) foam in the artificial sandstone core, the HPAM foam generation and coalescence coefficient of the mathematical model mentioned above are determined. The profiles of the liquid phase saturation, the pressure drop and the number density of one dimension transient flow of HPAM foam with the dimensionless time in artificial sandstone core are numerically calculated and analyzed by using the numerical calculation method.

Implementation of high-fidelity neutronics and thermal–hydraulic coupling calculations in HNET

To perform nuclear reactor simulations in a more realistic manner,the coupling scheme between neutronics and thermal-hydraulics was implemented in the HNET program for both steady-state and transient conditions.For simplicity,efficiency,and robustness,the matrixfree Newton/Krylov(MFNK)method was applied to the steady-state coupling calculation.In addition,the optimal perturbation size was adopted to further improve the convergence behavior of the MFNK.For the transient coupling simulation,the operator splitting method with a staggered time mesh was utilized to balance the computational cost and accuracy.Finally,VERA Problem 6 with power and boron perturbation and the NEACRP transient benchmark were simulated for analysis.The numerical results show that the MFNK method can outperform Picard iteration in terms of both efficiency and robustness for a wide range of problems.Furthermore,the reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the reference results for the NEACRP transient benchmark verifies the capability of predicting the behavior of the nuclear reactor.

A METHOD FOR CALCULATING TRANSIENT FUNCTIONS OF EQUIVALENT DETERMINISTIC INPUT

In the present paper the analytical formulas for calculating the equivalent deterministic transients for multivariable cross correlated random processes are developed.The formulas permit the determination of the Root-mean-square of the responses of a linear time-invariant system to stationary multiple random inputs in the time domain.The method is applicable in the study of flight of airplanes in atmospheric turbulence and is also useful for general engineering applications of stochastc processes control.

基于子循环自适应串行交错时间匹配算法的油浸式变压器绕组瞬态温升计算

针对传统算法存在的步长调整及耦合点选择问题,该文提出基于子循环自适应串行交错(SCAS)的时间匹配算法。首先,在步长调整方面,通过加入自适应(ATS)-启发式(HTS)混合变步长算法,解决步长无法实时调整的问题;然后,针对耦合点选择问题,该文在传统常规串行交错(CSS)时间匹配算法及现有改进方案子循环常规串行交错(SCSS)的基础上,提出SCAS时间匹配算法,采用自适应方案确定计算时间窗及预定耦合点,并引入指数平滑法对其精度进行保证;最后,该文基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器建立二维瞬态单分区分匝绕组模型,并将所提算法与其他传统方法进行对比分析。结果表明:在精度方面,与传统CSS算法相比SCAS算法的流场及温度场最大平均相对误差均不超过0.45%,在可接受误差范围内;在效率方面,SCAS算法总体计算效率较CSS算法提高了近20倍。同时,为了说明所提算法的工程价值,该文搭建基于110 kV变压器绕组模型的温升实验平台,将SCAS时间匹配算法应用于该模型中,实验结果表明:在精度方面,SCAS算法与实验达到稳态时最大绝对误差为2.7 K;在计算效率上,本文所提算法的计算效率较传统算法提升约46倍,计算步数约为传统的1/47,减少了计算冗余。

利用网络等值进行图降维的图注意力暂态功角稳定评估模型

省级以上实际大电网节点众多,用于电网暂态稳定评估的深度学习模型输入特征空间面临维数灾,训练成本高且泛化能力难以保证,成为该类方法难以应用于实际大系统的一个瓶颈。针对这一问题,提出了一种面向稳控校核、利用网络等值进行图降维的图注意力深度学习暂态功角稳定评估模型。首先,建立全网发电机图,基于转子惯量等决定暂态功角稳定的关键参数构建其节点相似度,并利用节点相似度改进发电机图的边权重;作为一种领域知识嵌入方式,借鉴电网动态等值思路,对待研究稳控系统所涉及区域以外的网络部分,基于发电机图和分层聚类算法进行分区,将所形成分区对应成等效节点形成降维发电机图,并建立原图到降维图节点、边权重参数的映射,实现对原输入空间的降维。最后,以降维图作为输入建立图注意力深度学习模型,实现对复杂网络的暂态功角稳定评估。在南方电网某实际稳控系统算例上进行对比分析,验证了模型的有效性及准确性。

油浸式变压器绕组瞬态温升降阶快速计算方法

油浸式电力变压器绕组温升监测是保证其安全稳定运行的重要手段。为了改善采用有限元方法计算油浸式电力变压器绕组瞬态温升时存在效率不高的问题,提出一种结构保留的本征正交分解(SPOD)与离散经验插值方法(DEIM)相结合的计算策略。首先,该文采用最小二乘有限元法(LSFEM)与迎风有限元法(UFEM)构建变压器绕组瞬态温升计算控制方程;其次,针对控制方程的特点,引入SPOD方法,通过将采样时间内的计算结果构成快照矩阵,建立降阶模型,降低有限元刚度矩阵的计算阶数,提高求解有限元方程的效率;然后,为了改善本征正交分解方法对于非线性问题效率提升不高的缺陷,结合DEIM算法,对有限元方程中的非线性项进行插值处理,从而减少每一时步形成总体刚度矩阵的时间,进一步提高总体计算效率。为了验证文章所提算法的精确性及高效性,根据油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本特点,建立了单分区分匝绕组传热模型,对其瞬态传热过程进行计算,结果表明:基于SPOD-DEIM的有限元降阶计算能够在保证精度的前提下有效提高计算效率,与全阶计算结果相比,流场与温度场的计算误差均不超过1.5%,且计算效率提升5.1倍。同时,为了充分说明SPOD-DEIM算法在工程应用中的价值,该文基于110 kV变压器绕组搭建了温升实验平台,建立了八分区分匝绕组数值计算模型,对算法的精度、效率及工程应用价值进行了验证及讨论,计算及实验结果表明:精度方面,降阶计算较全阶计算的瞬态全过程计算误差小于2.5%,且与实验结果相比,误差不超过5.41K;效率方面,降阶计算的全过程计算时间为54.28 h,与全阶计算相比,计算效率提升至10.57倍,与商业仿真软件Fluent相比,效率提升至6.37倍,充分说明所提算法的高效性及工程应用价值,为大型电力设备快速仿真提供新思路。

基于POD-αATS的油浸变压器瞬态温升降阶自适应变步长计算方法

针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计算的有限元离散方程;其次,采用POD降阶算法改善传统瞬态计算中存在的条件数过大及方程阶数过高的问题;同时对于瞬态计算中的时间步长选择问题,提出适用于非线性问题的αATS变步长策略;然后,为验证方法的有效性,基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本结构建立二维八分区数值计算模型,同时将计算结果与基于110 kV绕组的温升实验结果进行对比。数值计算及实验结果表明,所提算法与全阶定步长算法在流场和温度场中的精度几乎相同,且流场计算效率提升约45倍,温度场计算效率提升约38倍,计算速度得到显著提高。这一点在温升实验中同样得到验证,说明该文所提算法的准确性、高效性及一定的工程实用性。

Asymmetrical Fault Current Calculation Method and Influencing Factors Analysis of Droop-Controlled Inverters

Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten the safety of the microgrid. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive fault analysis of the inverter to guide the design of protection schemes. However, due to the complexity of droop control strategy, existing literatures have simplified asymmetric fault analysis of droop-controlled inverters to varying degrees. Therefore, accurate fault analysis of a droop-controlled inverter is needed. In this paper, by analyzing the control system, an accurate fault model is established. Based on this, a calculation method for instantaneous asymmetrical fault current is proposed. In addition, the current components and current characteristics are analyzed. It was determined that fault currents are affected by control loops, fault types, fault distance and nonlinear limiters. In particular, the influences of limiters on the fault model, fault current calculation and fault current characteristics were analyzed. Through detailed analysis, it was found that dynamics of the control loop cannot be ignored, the fault type and fault distance determine fault current level, and part of the limiters will totally change the fault current trend. Finally, calculation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed method.

具备内部故障仿真能力的永磁同步发电机电磁暂态建模与仿真方法

对永磁同步发电机(PMSG)内部定子绕组故障的精确建模与仿真有助于设计有效的状态检测系统和控制保护策略。首先对PMSG内部故障特征进行分析和详细的数学推导,给出了适合电磁暂态(EMT)建模的状态空间形式的动态方程。进而提出了一种PMSG内部故障EMT建模与仿真方法,并推导出其等效电路。利用MATLAB对推导出的方程进行了数值计算迭代求解,并在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了PMSG测试模型,与数值计算结果进行分析和对比验证。分析结果表明,PMSG内部故障会在短路路径中产生较大的循环故障电流,但是从发电机外部特性很难判断是否发生内部故障。对比验证结果表明,所建立PMSG内部故障EMT模型可准确反映内部故障特征,验证了所提建模方法的正确性。

基于瞬态拼接裂变矩阵的耦合型中子动力学算法研发

在核反应系统的瞬态计算中,通常使用的确定论方法和蒙特卡罗方法不能同时兼备计算精度与计算效率,其中点堆动力学方法无法得到空间上的分布,扩散方法计算速度快但误差较大,输运方法和蒙特卡罗方法虽然精度高但计算效率低。本文在瞬态裂变矩阵和拼接裂变矩阵理论的基础上,提出了瞬态拼接裂变矩阵方法,该方法可精确快速地进行瞬态分析。其中,瞬态裂变矩阵方法是一种可进行输运计算的混合方法,但需大量的计算时间用于生成瞬态裂变矩阵。拼接裂变矩阵方法是一种可高效处理裂变矩阵数据库以及快速计算全堆芯稳态的方法,但未运用于瞬态分析中。本文通过单棒模型以及组件模型的瞬态工况对瞬态拼接裂变矩阵方法进行验证。结果表明,瞬态拼接裂变矩阵方法在稳态和瞬态计算过程与参考解吻合良好,能在61 cup·h时间完成真实时间0.5 s的插棒-提棒的瞬态三维精确解,均方根误差在整个插棒-提棒的瞬态过程中均保持在0.2%以下。

基于卷积神经网络的暂稳极限功率计算

目前求取联络线暂态稳定传输功率极限的时域仿真法和基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论的直接法计算过程复杂,针对此问题,提出基于卷积神经网络的输电断面暂态稳定极限功率计算方法。首先将系统运行的数据与实验仿真数据相结合,转化为输电断面特征属性,选择输电断面关键特征,将其作为神经网络的输入层向量,然后经过多次训练构建出系统关键特征与输电断面暂态稳定极限功率的非线性映射关系。最后以IEEE14节点进行算例分析,验证了计算方法的可靠性以及有效性。

基于拓展传输线理论的高压交流电缆输入阻抗和金属护套电压计算分析

基于电缆外部精确电磁场分析方法,提出了一种拓展传输线理论,能够计及广义大地参数和电磁暂态仿真的影响计算电缆输入阻抗。采用电磁暂态仿真程序EMTP-RV,利用拓展传输线理论对典型高压交流电缆开展输入阻抗和金属护套电压特性研究,研究当合闸于空载电缆时的金属护套暂态电压特性;通过对正序激励下的电缆输入阻抗模值-频率响应进行研究,分析由三相金属护套交叉互联产生的多种传播模态。采用拓展传输线理论计算的结果与使用基于矩量法的改进数值电磁场分析方法(method of moments-surface admittanceoperator,MoM-SO)的计算结果基本拟合,与现有电磁暂态仿真软件中(ATP-EMTP、PSCAD/EMTDC和EMTP-RV)的CableConstants子程序计算结果出现显著性差异。当合闸于空载电缆线路时,受大地电阻率影响,采用Cable Constants子程序计算出的电缆金属护套最大暂态电压与采用拓展传输线理论所得出的结果相比,计算偏差位于1.8%至135%之间。考虑输入阻抗计算和暂态仿真的关键性差异,研究内容对今后开展高压交流电缆参数计算、模态分析、电磁暂态仿真、过电压研究具有参考意义。

基于波形距离系数的逆变站近区交流线路保护方向元件

逆变站仅有单回出线时,若逆变站近区交流线路发生故障,逆变站的复杂特性导致传统方向元件难以判别故障方向。文中对逆变站近区交流线路故障特征进行了分析。然后,指出了交流线路电流与交流边界元件电流时域变化量之间的相似特征,提出了利用测量电压、电流推算交流边界元件电流的电磁暂态计算方法。最后,利用时域中的交流线路电流与交流边界元件电流之间的波形距离系数在正方向和反方向故障下的差异,提出了一种新的方向判别原理,并通过大量仿真对其性能进行了验证。仿真结果表明,所提方向元件能准确识别故障方向,具有较高的可靠性和灵敏度。

An optimized time-adaptive aerothermal coupling calculation method for aerothermal analysis of disc cavity system

In order to further achieve the balance between the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the transient analysis of the aero-engine disc cavity system,an Optimized Time-adaptive Aerother-mal Coupling calculation(OTAC)method has been proposed.It combines one-dimensional tran-sient calculation of air system,Conventional Sequence Staggered(CSS)method,Time-adaptive Aerothermal Coupling calculation(TAC)method and differential evolution optimization algorithm to obtain an efficient and high-precision aerothermal coupling calculation method of air system.Considering both the heat conduction in the solid domain and the flow in the fluid domain as unsteady states in the OTAC,the interaction of fluid-solid information within a single coupling time step size was implemented based on the CSS method.Furthermore,the coupling time step size was automatically adjusted with the number of iterations by using the Proportional-Integral-Deri vative(PID)controller.Results show that when compared with the traditional loosely coupling method with a fixed time step size,the computational accuracy and efficiency of the OTAC method are improved by 8.9%and 30%,respectively.Compared with the tight coupling calculation,the OTAC method can achieve a speedup of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude,while the calculation error is maintained within 6.1%.

N,N-二甲基-6-丙酰-2-萘胺氢键复合物激发态超快动力学研究

抑制扭转分子内电荷转移(TICT)的形成能够显著增强发光材料的荧光强度和光稳定性,然而,目前缺乏准确预测TICT存在的方法。本文基于Kamlet-Taft理论,通过稳态/瞬态吸收光谱结合量化计算,对N,N-二甲基-6-丙酰-2-萘胺(PRODAN)在不同溶剂中的激发态动力学进行了研究。稳态光谱表明,PRODAN氢键复合物的斯托克斯红移主要依赖溶剂极性和供氢能力。瞬态吸收光谱表明,快时间τ_(1)和τ_(2)归属为分子内电荷转移和TICT形成过程,而慢时间τ_(3)和τ_(4)归属为溶剂化和荧光辐射过程。此外,结果表明极性和供氢能力的增大会加快PRODAN氢键复合物的动力学过程。计算表明,在较高极性且强供氢能力的甲醇溶剂中能形成稳定的TICT态。研究结果为荧光探针分子结构设计和溶剂选择提供了一定的指导意义。

拓扑参数多变场景下的暂态电压安全域快速计算

作为安全域体系中的重要组成部分,电力系统暂态电压安全域的边界会随系统运行方式和拓扑参数的变化而改变。为实现更加准确的安全域边界表征,本文充分考虑负荷的动态变化,提出一种安全域边界快速计算方法。首先,给出保证电力系统暂态电压不失稳的安全运行区域描述及其边界表征形式,构建仿真训练集并研究暂态电压安全域的边界变化特性;然后,基于安全域边界的二次拟合表征形式,采用轻梯度决策树机器学习框架实现电力系统暂态电压安全域的快速修正;最后,在IEEE标准算例系统中验证了本文方法的有效性和适用性。