Electro-mechanical coupling properties of band gaps in an with periodically attached “spring-mass” resonators

The model of a locally resonant (LR) epoxy/PZT-4 phononic crystal (PC)nanobeam with “spring-mass” resonators periodically attached to epoxy is proposed. The corresponding band structures are calculated by coupling Euler beam theory, nonlocal piezoelectricity theory and plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Three complete band gaps with the widest total width less than 10GHz can be formed in the proposed nanobeam by comprehensively comparing the band structures of three kinds of LR PC nanobeams with resonators attached or not. Furthermore, influencing rules of the coupling fields between electricity and mechanics,“spring-mass” resonator, nonlocal effect and different geometric parameters on the first three band gaps are discussed and summarized. All the investigations are expected to be applied to realize the active control of vibration in the region of ultrahigh frequency.

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUPLING ANALYSIS OF MEMS STRUCTURES BY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

In this paper,we present the applications of Boundary Element Method(BEM) to simulate the electro-mechanical coupling responses of Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems(MEMS). The algorithm is programmed in our research group based on BEM modeling for electrostatics and elastostatics.Good agreement is shown while the simulation results of the pull-in voltages are compared with the theoretical/experimental ones for some examples.

Dynamic Performance Analysis of the Coupling Shaft System in a Carpet Tufting Machine Utilizing the Transfer Matrix Method

The dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine is the most critical factor affecting the carpet tufting machine's efficiency,and the product quality of the tufted carpet. To determine how to avoid resonance produced by the coupling shaft system's vibration during the weaving process,the dynamic performance of a coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine was analyzed. Focusing on a DHGN801D-400 carpet tufting machine,a dynamic model of coupling shaft system was established by utilizing transfer matrix methodology. On the basis of this model,the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the coupling shaft system were obtained through simulations. The correctness of the theoretical model and the dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system were validated by experiments. The first order natural frequency of the coupling shaft system was close to 600 r / min. A conclusion can thus be drawn that operating the carpet tufting machine near this speed should be avoided as much as possible.

Analysis of piezoelectric ceramic multilayer actuators based on an electro-mechanical coupled meshless method

This paper presents an efficient meshless method for analyzing cracked piezoelectric structures subjected to mechanical and electrical loading. In this method, an element free Galerkin （EFG） formulation, an enriched basic function and some special shape functions that contain discontinuous derivatives are employed. Based on the moving least squares （MLS） interpolation approach, the EFG method is one of the promising methods for dealing with problems involving progressive crack growth. Since the method is meshless and no element connectivity data are needed, the burdensome remeshing procedure required in the conventional finite element method （FEM） is avoided. The numerical results show that the proposed method can yield an accurate near-tip stress field in an infinite piezoelectric plate containing an interior hole. In another example studying a ceramic multilayer actuator, the proposed model was found to be accurate in the simulation of stress and electric field concentrations arround the abrupt end of an internal electrode.

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A SPATIAL COUPLED TIMOSHENKO ROTATING SHAFT WITH LARGE DISPLACEMENTS

The dynamic simulation is presented for an axial moving flexible rotating shafts, which have large rigid motions and small elastic deformation. The effects of the axial inertia, shear deformation, rotating inertia, gyroscopic moment, and dynamic unbalance are considered based on the Timoshenko rotating shaft theory. The equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton principle, and the solution is obtained by using the perturbation approach and assuming mode method. This study confirms that the influence of the axial rigid motion, shear deformation, slenderness ratio and rotating speed on the dynamic behavior of Timoshenko rotating shaft is evident, especially to a high-angular velocity rotor.

City-Bus-Route Demand-based Efficient Coupling Driving Control for Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus

Recently,plug?in hybrid electric bus has been one of the energy?e cient solutions for urban transportation. However,the current vehicle e ciency is far from optimum,because the unpredicted external driving conditions are di cult to be obtained in advance. How to further explore its fuel?saving potential under the complicated city bus driving cycles through an e cient control strategy is still a hot research issue in both academic and engineering area. To realize an e cient coupling driving operation of the hybrid powertrain,a novel coupling driving control strategy for plug?in hybrid electric bus is presented. Combined with the typical feature of a city?bus?route,the fuzzy logic inference is employed to quantify the driving intention,and then to determine the coupling driving mode and the gear?shifting strategy. Considering the response deviation problem in the execution layer,an adaptive robust controller for electric machine is designed to respond to the transient torque demand,and instantaneously compensate the response delay and the engine torque fluctuation. The simulations and hard?in?loop tests with the actual data of two typical driving conditions from the real?world city?bus?route are carried out,and the results demonstrate that the pro?posed method could guarantee the hybrid powertrain to track the actual torque demand with 10.4% fuel economy improvement. The optimal fuel economy can be obtained through the optimal combination of working modes. The fuel economy of plug?in hybrid electric bus can be significantly improved by the proposed control scheme without loss of drivability.

TORSIONAL OSCILLATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTARY SHAFTS BASED ON TORSION AND BENDING COUPLED VIBRATION

The torsional oscillation characteristics on the bending and torsioh coupled vibration of rotary shaft system were investigated using the elasto-dynamic theory and other mathematic methods, such as difference approach, Fourier transform, and wavelet transform. It is concluded that mass eccentricity and other exciting modalities affect the bending and torsion coupled vibration of rotary shafts. Torsional vibration caused by bending vibration features linearity along with the change of amplitude of bending vibration. Meanwhile, energy spectrum concentrates on high frequency area with the wavelet analysis.

Effect of Coupled Torsional and Transverse Vibrations of the Marine Propulsion Shaft System

In this study,the coupled torsional-transverse vibration of a propeller shaft system owing to the misalignment caused by the shaft rotation was investigated.The proposed numerical model is based on the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model.The equation of motion describing the harmonic vibrations of the system was obtained using the Euler-Lagrange equations for the associated energy functional.Experiments considering different rotation speeds and axial loads acting on the propulsion shaft system were performed to verify the numerical model.The effects of system parameters such as shaft length and diameter,stiffness and damping coefficients,and cross-section eccentricity were also studied.The cross-section eccentricity increased the displacement response,yet coupled vibrations were not initially observed.With the increase in the eccentricity,the interaction between two vibration modes became apparent,and the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental measurements improved.Given the results,the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model can represent the coupled torsional-transverse vibration of propulsion shaft systems.

An Improved Coupled Dynamic Modelling for Exploring Gearbox Vibrations Considering Local Defects

Gearbox is a key part in machinery,in which gear,shaft and bearing operate together to transmit motion and power.The wide usage and high failure rate of gearbox make it attract much attention on its health monitoring and fault diagnosis.Dynamic modelling can study the mechanism under different faults and provide theoretical foundation for fault detection.However,current commonly used gear dynamic model usually neglects the influence of bearing and shaft,resulting in incomplete understanding of gearbox fault diagnosis especially under the effect of local defects on gear and shaft.To address this problem,an improved gear-shaft-bearing-housing dynamic model is proposed to reveal the vibration mechanism and responses considering shaft whirling and gear local defects.Firstly,an eighteen degree-of-freedom gearbox dynamic model is proposed,taking into account the interaction among gear,bearing and shaft.Secondly,the dynamic model is iteratively solved.Then,vibration responses are expounded and analysed considering gear spalling and shaft crack.Numerical results show that the gear mesh frequency and its harmonics have higher amplitude through the spectrum.Vibration RMS and the shaft rotating frequency increase with the spalling size and shaft crack angle in general.An experiment is designed to verify the rationality of the proposed gearbox model.Lastly,comprehensive analysis under different spalling size and shaft crack angle are analysed.Results show that when spalling size and crack angle are larger,RMS and the amplitude of shaft rotating frequency will not increase linearly.The dynamic model can accurately simulate the vibration of gear transmission system,which is helpful for gearbox fault diagnosis.

Coupling连接在竖井高压大直径无缝钢管连接中的应用

介绍了在赞比亚KONKOLA矿管子井安装中,既没有采用传统的法兰连接或套管焊接,又没有采用快速接头连接,而是采用了一种全新的Coupling连接安装法,这种新工艺的应用为竖井高压大直径无缝钢管快速高质量地安装提供了技术、工艺上的保证。

Thermal-Mechanical Coupled FE Analysis for Rotary Shaft Seals

The aim of this paper is to model the steady-state condition of a rotary shaft seal (RSS) system. For this, an iterative thermal-mechanical algorithm was developed based on incremental finite element analyzes. The behavior of the seal’s rubber material was taken into account by a large-strain viscoelastic, so called generalized Maxwell model, based on Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyses (DMTA) and tensile measurements. The pre-loaded garter spring was modelled with a bilinear material model and the shaft was assumed to be linear elastic. The density, coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductance of the materials were taken into consideration during simulation. The friction between the rotary shaft seal and the shaft was simplified and modelled as a constant parameter. The iterative algorithm was evaluated at two different times, right after assembly and 1 h after assembly, so that rubber material’s stress relaxation effects are also incorporated. The results show good correlation with the literature data, which state that the permissible temperature for NBR70 (nitrile butadiene rubber) material contacting with ~80 mm shaft diameter, rotating at 2600/min is 100°C. The results show 107°C and 104°C for the two iterations. The effect of friction induced temperature, changes the width of the contact area between the seal and the shaft, and significantly reduces the contact pressure.

基于CESE方法的煤矿风井泄爆全过程模拟与消波增效研究

为揭示煤矿风井泄爆过程、探寻增强泄爆效果方法,针对现行泄爆方法和多种改进泄爆方法,建立了系列全尺寸三维仿真模型,利用LS−DYNA软件的CESE求解器,进行了全过程流固耦合模拟分析。结果表明:现行防爆门在泄爆过程中会引发较强烈的反射冲击波且不能快速有效地予以消弱,致使风硐中先后出现可对风机造成二次冲击的2道冲击波;去除防爆门立壁结构对提升泄爆效果作用不明显,但可使防爆门受到的冲击明显减弱;在一定范围内,减轻防爆门质量对提高泄爆效果的作用较为有限,且会使防爆门吸收的爆炸能量明显增加;在增量不大的情况下,增大防爆门到风井和风硐交岔点的距离即能有效改善泄爆效果;侧向和正向先行泄爆方法均能明显增强泄爆效果,并对防爆门有显著的减冲和保护作用,在算例条件下,最优可使反射波超压峰值下降49.4%和28.3%;防爆门开启时间、泄爆面积和防爆门到风井/风硐交岔点的距离是影响泄爆效果的重要因素;风井达到良好泄爆效果所需要的开启时间比现行防爆门要短得多;仅在井口设置防爆门存在不能消减风硐中第1道冲击波超压峰值的局限性。基于对风井泄爆过程、机理和方法的新认识,提出了以“两区域多通道”泄爆为特征的主辅防爆门协同泄爆方法,以系统提升风井泄爆效果和防爆水平。

大功率内燃发电机组联轴器对轴系扭振性能影响分析及应用研究

联轴器的刚度特性对内燃发电机组轴系低阶扭振模态及响应特性有决定性的影响。采用理论分析和仿真研究的方法,全面分析了联轴器刚度参数对大功率内燃发电机组轴系扭振模态特性和响应特性的影响规律,并结合工程应用实例进行了内燃机各缸功率均衡的正常运行工况、各缸做功不均衡工况以及机组启动、停机过程的仿真研究和实验验证。

推进轴系弯-纵耦合非线性效应对推力测量精度影响研究

高精度监测推进轴系推力对船舶快速性预报、船-机-桨优化匹配及轴系健康管理等具有重要意义。然而,对于超长推进轴系,由于其跨距大、细长比(轴系半径与长度之比)小、且承受推力大,此时轴系将产生严重弯-纵耦合非线性变形。这将对基于应变或变形位移等形变信息来测量推力的方法产生重要影响。因此,本文研究推进轴系弯-纵耦合非线性效应对推力测量精度的影响。考虑Von Karman非线性位移-应变关系,利用Hamilton变分原理结合有限元方法建立推进轴系非线性力学模型,研究弯-纵耦合效应对轴系变形位移和应变的影响规律,以及由此引起的推力测量误差。研究结果表明:在低转速时,轴系弯-纵耦合效应较弱,对推力测量影响很小;高转速时,忽略轴系弯-纵耦合效应将引起较大测量误差(240 r/min时,误差可达13.95%);测点越靠近螺旋桨,弯-纵耦合效应越强,推力测量误差越大,因此将测点布置在轴系前端推力轴承附近可有效减少轴系弯-纵耦合效应引起的测量误差。研究结果对跨度大、细长比小的超长轴系推力测量有指导意义。

联轴器传动轴断裂原因

某型号联轴器传动轴在使用过程中发生断裂现象。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、扫描电镜分析、金相检验、热酸蚀试验等方法分析了该传动轴断裂的原因。结果表明:传动轴内部存在白点缺陷,材料中存在较多的硫化物和呈沿晶特征的二次裂纹;氢原子在硫化物附近聚集,形成氢陷阱,在组织和内应力的共同作用下,裂纹在氢陷阱部位萌生并扩展,形成氢致裂纹,最终导致传动轴断裂。

基于FEM/CFD方法的桨-轴系统双向流固耦合特性数值模拟研究

船舶航行时螺旋桨产生的激励力会引起推进轴系振动,而轴系振动也会对螺旋桨产生反馈,引起复杂空间运动,桨-轴系统中存在着双向流固耦合问题。为了研究这种复杂动力学特性,本文基于有限元(FEM)和计算流体力学(CFD)方法,建立能够模拟轴系多自由度振动与螺旋桨粘性流场耦合的数值模型,在流场求解器中进行二次开发实现双向耦合的迭代求解,并进行多个算例的模拟来研究流体激励与振动响应的变化规律。结果表明:本文提出的方法具有实用价值,采用该方法进行双向流固耦合分析时收敛性与精度满足工程要求,求解速度较快且无需附加的计算资源;双向耦合效应与质量不平衡对轴频处的幅值有较大影响,而非均匀来流对叶频处的幅值有较大影响。

基于三端轴式松耦合变压器的无线电能传输系统

松耦合变压器是电磁感应耦合式无线电能传输(inductively coupled power transfer,ICPT)系统中实现电能传输的重要设备。然而,松耦合变压器输出功率小、传输效率低的问题极大限制了其推广应用。提出了一种三端轴式松耦合变压器结构,分别针对该新型变压器相邻线圈对同名端同向和反向两种情况建立数学模型;然后对LCC-S补偿方式下基于三端轴式松耦合变压器的ICPT系统存在的频率分裂现象进行分析,通过仿真验证了三端轴式松耦合变压器可通过不同线圈对间的互感来提升系统的传输特性,并对同名端同向和同名端反向两种情况的输出功率和传输效率进行对比;最后通过实物实验证实了基于三端轴式松耦合变压器的ICPT系统能够提高输出功率和传输效率,同名端同向时传输效率较高,提高了16.4%;同名端反向时输出功率较高,提高了33.2%。

盘轴松动⁃碰摩耦合故障转子系统振动特性研究

转子系统在运转过程中可能会发生零件掉落、松动等情况,导致外加物体与转轴发生碰摩。针对这个问题,考虑盘轴松动与碰摩同时发生的情况,建立具有耦合故障的转子系统有限元模型。利用有限元软件对系统进行仿真,分析盘轴间的松动程度对系统振动特性的影响,并通过试验进行验证。结果表明,转子系统的时域波形周期性变化,频谱以转轴转动频率成分为主。随着盘轴松动程度的加剧,频谱中逐渐出现了高频成分;盘轴转速差在启动阶段的初始值随着松动程度的加剧而逐渐增大;盘心轨迹垂直方向的振动幅值也随着松动程度的加剧逐渐变大,且轨迹形状变得更为复杂。由于碰摩的影响,垂直方向的振动明显受到抑制,其幅值小于水平方向的。研究结果对转子系统耦合故障的动力学特性研究具有非常重要的参考价值。

舰船复合材料轴振动能量传递特性研究

针对舰船复合材料传动轴减振机理尚不清晰的问题,文中构建了某舰船复合材料轴仿真模型,基于功率流法分析了复合材料轴振动能量传递特性,并在此基础上进一步探究了钢法兰-复合材料刚柔耦合界面匹配参数和轴段内复合材料铺层方式对振动能量传递的影响规律。最后通过复合材料传动轴模态试验和振动传递试验验证了仿真模型的准确性。结论如下:刚柔耦合界面对于振动能量抑制有着显著作用,其振动能量的传递随接触面积的增大而降低,而弹性模量比仅影响传动轴固有频率;随着铺层角度的减小及铺层数量的增加,复合材料轴段隔振性能逐渐增加。

SGZ1000/2×1200刮板输送机链轮轴组改造设计

链轮轴组是煤矿井下输送设备不可或缺的部件,刮板输送机、转载机的链轮轴组在工作面使用过程中出现故障需要更换时,必须先将输送设备动力部拆下后才可更换,耗费大量的人力、物力及时间。为解决这一问题,设计出一种可快速拆解式的链轮轴组,将链轮轴组与减速器的直接联接方式进行改进,通过一种齿轮联轴器进行互联,既能实现轴组与减速器的联接,也能实现轴组的快速更换。