Electroacupuncture with different waveforms for primary dysmenorrhea:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To observe and compare the clinical effects of different electroacupuncture waveforms on primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: This was a prospective,randomized,three-group,parallel-controlled trial.Participants with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into dense-sparse wave,continuous wave,and discontinuous wave groups in a 1:1:1 ratio.Two lateral Ciliao(BL 32)points were used.All three groups started treatment 3–5 days before menstruation,once a day for six sessions per course of treatment,one course of treatment per menstrual cycle,and three menstrual cycles.The primary outcome measure was the proportion with an average visual analog scale(VAS)score reduction of≥50%from baseline for dysmenorrhea in the third menstrual cycle during treatment.The secondary outcome measures included changes in dysmenorrhea VAS scores,Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale scores and the proportion of patients taking analgesic drugs.Results: The proportion of cases where the average VAS score for dysmenorrhea decreased by≥50%from baseline in the third menstrual cycle was not statistically significant(P>.05).Precisely 30 min after acupuncture and regarding immediate analgesia on the most severe day of dysmenorrhea,there was a statistically significant difference in the dense-sparse wave group compared with the other two groups during the third menstrual cycle(P<.05).Additionally,there was a statistically significant difference between the dense-sparse wave and discontinuous wave groups 24 h after acupuncture(P<.05).Conclusions: Waveform electroacupuncture can alleviate primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms in patients.The three groups showed similar results in terms of short-and long-term analgesic efficacy and a reduction in the number of patients taking analgesic drugs.Regarding achieving immediate analgesia,the dense-sparse wave group was slightly better than the other two groups.

Preliminary study on the protective effect of electroacupuncture Neiguan acupoint pretreatment on rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury:role of the miR-214-3p/NCX1 axis

Background:Ischemia-reperfusion can worsen myocardial damage and increase the risk of death.Studies have revealed that ischemic preconditioning provides the best endogenous protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI),and the principle of electroacupuncture(EA)preconditioning is comparable to that of myocardial ischemic preconditioning adaption.Our earlier research demonstrated that EA pretreatment inhibits the expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ(CaMKIIδ),sodium/calcium exchanger 1(NCX1),and cyclophilin D,hence providing protection against MIRI.However,the exact mechanism is still unknown.The expression of NCX1 mRNA is directly regulated by microRNA-214(miR-214).Moreover,it suppresses the levels of CaMKIIδand cyclophilin D.Whether these variables contribute to EA preconditioning to improve MIRI needs to be investigated,though.This study aimed to preliminarily determine whether EA pretreatment ameliorates MIRI by modulating the miR-214-3p/NCX1 axis.Methods:We used a rat MIRI model to investigate the effect of EA pretreatment on MIRI and the expression of miR-214-3p.In addition,adenovirus injection inhibited miR-214-3p expression in the rat MIRI model,and the influence of EA pretreatment towards MIRI was observed in the context of blocked miR-214-3p expression.Both the myocardial histological abnormalities and the alterations in the ST segment of the rat electrocardiogram were analyzed.NCX1 mRNA,cyclophilin D,and CaMKIIδexpression levels were also analyzed.Results:EA pretreatment improved MIRI.In rats with MIRI,EA administration increased miR-214-3p expression while decreasing NCX1 mRNA,cyclophilin D,and CaMKIIδproteins in cardiac tissues.The beneficial effect of EA pretreatment against MIRI was reversed,coupled with elevated levels of NCX1 mRNA,cyclophilin D,and CaMKIIδprotein expression,when an adenovirus injection disrupted the expression of miR-214-3p.Conclusions:Our findings preliminarily show that EA pretreatment inhibits the expression of NCX1 mRNA,cyclophilin D,and CaMKIIδproteins via miR-214-3p,hence exerting MIRI protection.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

血府逐瘀汤对狼疮性肾炎患者胸腺肽β4及Ea-RFC的影响

目的探讨血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗狼疮性肾炎(LN)的效果及对患者胸腺肽β4及Ea花环细胞(Ea-RFC)形成率的影响。方法选取河北北方学院附属第二医院2020年1月至2021年6月收治的60例狼疮性肾炎患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组(行血府逐瘀汤联合泼尼松与环磷酰胺治疗)30例与对照组(行泼尼松与环磷酰胺治疗)30例,治疗18个月。观察组治疗后临床效果、中医症状、胸腺肽β4表达、Ea-RFC形成率、肾功能及不良反应。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组纳少腹胀、腰膝酸软、面色不华、口黏口苦等中医症状积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组红细胞沉降率、血清肌酐及胸腺肽β4表达低于对照组,Ea-RFC形成率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组不良反应发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗LN患者疗效确切,能减少患者体内胸腺肽β4表达,提高Ea-RFC,改善肾功能,安全性较高。

Electroacupuncture alleviates ciliary muscle cell apoptosis in lens-induced myopic guinea pigs through inhibiting the mitochondrial signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)on the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in the ciliary muscle of guinea pigs with negative lensinduced myopia(LIM).METHODS:Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,LIM group,LIM+SHAM acupoint(LIM+SHAM)group,and LIM+EA group.Animals in the NC group received no intervention,while those in other three groups were covered with-6.0 diopter(D)lenses on right eyes.Meanwhile,animals in the LIM+EA group received EA at Hegu(LI4)combined with Taiyang(EX-HN5)acupoints,while those in the LIM+SHAM group were treated at sham points.After treatments for 1,2,and 4wk,morphological changes in ciliary muscles were observed with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and nick end labeling(TUNEL),and the expression of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway-related molecules in ciliary muscles was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blot.Additionally,the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)contents were also determined in ciliary muscles.RESULTS:Axial length increased significantly in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups and decreased in the LIM+EA group.The ciliary muscle fibers were broken and destroyed in both LIM and LIM+SHAM groups,whereas those in the LIM+EA group improved significantly.TUNEL assay showed the number of apoptotic cells increased in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups,whereas reduced in the LIM+EA group.ATP contents showed a significant decrease in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups,whereas increased after EA treatment.Compared with the NC group,the dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1),Caspase3,and apoptotic protease activator 1(APAF1)levels were significantly increased in the LIM group and decreased in the LIM+EA group.CONCLUSION:The results provide evidence of EA inhibiting the development of myopia by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway.

基于EnergyPlus和Jeplus+EA联合模拟的建筑围护结构及光储系统协同优化研究

建筑本体和可再生能源系统的协同作用对于降低建筑碳排放具有重要意义.以北京某办公建筑为例,基于NSGA-Ⅱ的优化算法,以运行阶段碳排放和生命周期成本为目标函数,以热舒适为约束条件,利用EnergyPlus和Jeplus+EA软件进行联合仿真,开展建筑围护结构和光储系统的协同优化研究.结果表明:配置光储系统可较大程度降低建筑电网购电量及运行阶段碳排放,虽然生命周期成本会略有增加,但其减碳效果,大于单纯依靠围护结构性能提升的传统做法;尽可能利用建筑空间配置光伏对减少碳排放及生命周期成本都是有利的;通过软件联合模拟可实现建筑围护结构和光储系统的协同优化,且较于各自独立优化,能取得更好的设计方案.

GEP核算能代表生态产品价值核算吗?——基于SEEAEA对我国生态系统核算若干问题的探讨

文章介绍了中国GEP核算推行的背景及实施进程,阐述了国内外GEP概念的提出和研究进展,以及SEEA框架下的生态系统核算概念。文章指出:由于没有涉及编制价值量生态系统资产账户、没有扣除生态系统服务供应中产生的任何相关生态系统退化,GEP核算不能反映生态系统资产是否实现可持续利用或生态产品流量供给在数量或质量上是否可持续。文章认为:生态产品就是SEEA框架下的生态系统服务。由于对生态产品等关键概念界定不严谨,没有考虑“供给=使用”核算原则,对按交换价值进行估值等基本核算原则考虑不足,导致GEP核算实物量核算范围过大、价值量核算取价过高。文章特别指出《生态产品总值核算规范》在供给服务指标设计中缺失“供水”这一重要指标。文章结合GEP试算工作中反映出来的部分问题,就中国生态产品价值核算应依据的标准、执行主体、数据来源、核算方法、发展方向与核算重点,给出了针对性的政策建议。

Elaidic acid leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondria-associated membranes triggers disruption of mitochondrial calcium fluxes

Elaidic acid(EA)stimulation can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),accompanied by a large release of Ca^(2+),and ultimately the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells(KCs).Mitochondrial instability or dysfunction may be the key stimulating factors to activate NLRP3 inflammasome,and sustained Ca^(2+)transfer can result in mitochondrial dysfunction.We focused on KCs to explore the damage to mitochondria by EA.After EA stimulation,cells produced an oxidative stress(OS)response with a significant increase in ROS release.Immunoprecipitation experiments and the addition of inhibitors revealed that the increase in the level of intracellular Ca^(2+)led to Ca^(2+)accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix via mitochondria-associated membranes(MAMs).This was accompanied by a significant release of m ROS,loss of MMP and ATP,and a significant increase in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening,ultimately leading to mitochondrial instability.These findings confirmed the mechanism that EA induced mitochondrial Ca^(2+)imbalance in KCs via MAM,ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.Meanwhile,EA induced OS and the decrease of MMP and ATP in rat liver,and significant lesions were found in liver mitochondria.Swelling of the inner mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial vacuolization occurred,with a marked increase in lipid droplets.

正火工艺对EA1N车轴组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、力学性能测试,研究不同加热温度及保温时间对EA1N车轴钢正火态显微组织与力学性能的影响,且采用黑匣子(耐热温度记录仪)测试生产过程车轴温度变化,开展工艺优化后生产试验验证。结果表明:锻态EA1N车轴经正火后,显微组织细化,铁素体含量降低,而强度略微下降,塑性明显提高;正火在保温时间为60min,温度在830~890℃之间时,对EA1N车轴组织及性能的影响不大,晶粒度为8~9级,屈服强度和抗拉强度极差均<5MPa;选择在860℃正火,保温时间在0~120min之间时,对车轴的组织及性能的影响较小,均由细珠光体和铁素体组成,强度极差<8MPa;EA1N车轴热处理生产试验缩短正火保温时间甚至零保温后,各项性能指标均满足EN 13261:2020技术要求。

HFC-365mfc/227ea替代HCFC-141b在硬质聚氨酯泡沫喷涂中的应用

以HFC-365mfc/227ea混合发泡剂替代HCFC-141b,采用喷涂工艺进行低密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫外绝热防护层的生产,对发泡剂用量、泡沫性能、泡沫尺寸稳定性等进行了研究。结果表明:当泡沫的密度、机械强度和导热系数满足外绝热防护层技术要求时,HFC-365mfc/227ea混合发泡剂用量为38~44 g;采用HFC-365mfc/227ea混合发泡剂制备的泡沫密度与HCFC-141b相近时,发泡剂用量比HCFC-141b多25%左右,泡沫的压缩强度和模量高15%、剪切强度和模量比HCFC-141b高50%,导热系数低10%。在不超过80℃的使用温度范围内,HFC-365mfc/227ea混合发泡剂制备的泡沫具有良好的尺寸稳定性,尺寸变化率不超过1%。

Map activation of various brain regions using different frequencies of electroacupuncture ST36,utilizing the FosCreER strategy

Objective:Electroacupuncture(EA)is an alternative treatment option for pain.Different frequencies of EA have different painrelieving effects;however,the central mechanism is still not well understood.Methods:The Fos2A-iCreER(TRAP):Ai9 mice were divided into three groups(sham,2 Hz,and 100 Hz).The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 4-hydroxytamoxifen(4-OHT)immediately after EA at Zusanli(ST36)for 30 min to record the activated neurons.One week later,the mice were sacrificed,and the number of TRAP-treated neurons activated by EA in the thalamus,amygdala,cortex,and hypothalamus was determined.Results:In the cortex,2 Hz EA activated more TRAP-treated neurons than 100 Hz EA did in the cingulate cortex area 1(Cg1)and primary somatosensory cortex(S1),and 2 and 100 Hz EAs did not differ from sham EA.TRAP-treated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA were upregulated in the insular cortex(IC)and secondary somatosensory cortex(S2)compared with those activated by 100 Hz and sham EA.In the thalamus,the number of TRAP-treated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA was elevated in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus(PV)compared with those activated by sham EA.In the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus(VL),the number of TRAPtreated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA was significantly upregulated compared with those activated by 100 Hz EA,and sham EA showed no difference compared with 2 or 100 Hz EA.TRAP-treated neurons were more frequently activated in the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus(VPL)by 2 Hz EA than by 100 Hz or sham EA.Conclusions:Low-frequency EA ST36 effectively activates neurons in the Cg1,S1,S2,IC,VPL,PV,and VL.The enhanced excitability of the aforementioned nuclei induced by low-frequency EA may be related to its superior efficacy in the treatment of neuropathological pain.

Effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture analgesia in controlling intraoperative pain and hemodynamics during total thyroidectomy:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture in conjunction with additional medications in providing analgesia and stabilizing hemodynamic parameters during total thyroidectomy.Methods:This randomized controlled trial included 100 patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy between October 2022 and October 2023 at the Vietnam National Hospital of Acupuncture.The patients were randomized into two groups.The electroacupuncture analgesia(EA)group received EA stimulation at five acupuncture points:Hegu(LI 4),Neiguan(PC 6),Shuitu(ST 10),Quepen(ST 12),and Yifeng(SJ 17),while the control group received a bilateral superficial cervical plexus block.Primary outcomes included the level of analgesia and perioperative vital signs in both groups.Additionally,pain thresholds and serum b-endorphin levels were measured before and after electroacupuncture in the EA group.Results:Complete analgesia(Level A)was attained in 86%and 76%of the patients in the EA and control groups,respectively,with no significant difference between the two groups(P=1.00).In the EA group,the mean pain threshold after receiving EA doubled(648.7(77.4)g/s vs.305.3(45.3)g/s,P<.001),and the mean serum b-endorphin level increased by approximately 13.5 pg/mL(P<.001).All patients remained hemodynamically stable throughout the surgery.Conclusion:EA,in conjunction with additional medications that stimulate five acupuncture points,LI 4,PC 6,ST 10,ST 12,and SJ 17,was well tolerated and effectively maintained a suitable level of analgesia and hemodynamic stability during total thyroidectomy.

Preclinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture in Regulating Inflammatory Responses After Stroke:A Meta-analysis

[Objectives]To investigate the evidence-based effect of electroacupuncture on the post stroke inflammatory response and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms.[Methods]Asystematic electronic search of the Medline,PubMed,and Web of Science databases was initially performed up to June 2024.The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using RevMan5.4 software,in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Revieus.The random-effects model or fixed-effects models was employed to esti-mate the standardized mean difference(SMD).[Results]A total of 15 studies,comprising a total of 182 rats or mice,were included in this review.The pooled analysis of these trials showed a statistically significant reduction in the level of TNF-α(12 studies,SMD=-2.38,[95%CI,-2.86 to-1.90],P<0.00001,I^(2)=49),and IL-1β(11studies,SMD=-2.41,[95%CI,-3.32 to-1.50],P<0.00001,I^(2)=57).Additionally,the compiled data demonstrated a notable and statistically significant elevation in the IL-10 level(6 studies,SMD=1.56,[95%CI,0.42 to 2.70],P=0.008,I^(2)=68).[Conclusions]The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis dem-onstrate that electroacupuncture stimulation has the potential to regulate the inflammatoryresponses after stroke.

激光剥离EA4T钢车轴涂层研究

对光纤激光器剥离EA4T钢车轴表面涂层进行实验研究,对激光剥离涂层的作用机理进行分析。研究功率密度、扫描速度、填充间距等对剥离质量、效率的影响规律。结果表明,进行两次剥离,第一次功率密度为2.25×10^(6)W/cm^(2)、扫描速度为16 m/s、填充间距为0.1 mm。第二次功率密度2.25×10^(6)W/cm^(2)、扫描速度为16 m/s、填充间距为0.2 mm,效率为0.8 m^(2)/h。第一次剥离有油漆残留,第二次剥离可有效剥离油漆涂层,但会使EA4T钢表面产生微熔融,验证并不影响其力学性能。

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Infarct Size in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke:A Preclinical Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

[Objectives]The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on infarct size in cerebral ischemic stroke.[Methods]A systematic electronic search was conducted up to June 1,2024.TTC staining was used to evaluate the infarct size.Standard mean differences(SMD)with a95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated to assess the two intervention methods.The heterogeneity of the included studies was also tested.Two analyses with subgroups were planned:intervention start time(before MCAOversus after MCAO).waveform(continuous wave versus disperse wave).[Results]Forty-one studies with a total of 502 rats or mice were included in this review.The pooled analysis of these trials showed a significant positive effect of electroacupuncture on the infarct size(SMD=-2.65,P<0.0001,Z=12.55).Subgroup analysis results indicated that electroacupuncture intervention before MCAO surgery(16 studies,SMD=-2.73,P<0.00001,Z=10.60)could more significantly reduce infarct size than that after MCAO surgery(25studies,SMD=-2.61,P<0.00001,Z=8.20).Additionally,disperse waves(31 studies,SMD=-2.46,P<0.00001,Z=11.08)were more effective in reducing infarct area than continuous waves(10 studies,SMD=-3.38,P<0.00001,Z=6.12).[Conclusions]This review provided sufficient evidence that electroacupuncture before MCAO surgery with disperse waves was more effective in reducing infarct area than after MCAO surgery and continu-ous waves.

Effect of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques on shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff injuries

BACKGROUND The rotator cuff is located below the acromion and deltoid muscles and comprises multiple tendons that wrap around the humeral head,maintaining shoulder joint stability.AIM To explore the effect of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques on shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff injuries.METHODS We selected 97 patients with rotator cuff injuries treated in the People's Hospital of Yuhuan from February 2020 to May 2023.Patients were grouped using the envelope method.RESULTS After treatment,the study group’s treatment effective rate was 94.90%(46/49 patients),significantly higher than that in the control group(79.17%,38/48 cases;P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in Constant Murley Score(CMS)scores,shoulder mobility,or 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)scale scores(P>0.05).Compared with those before treatment,the CMS scores(including pain,daily living ability,shoulder mobility,and muscle strength),all aspects of shoulder mobility(forward flexion,posterior extension,external rotation,internal rotation),and SF-36 scale scores(including physiological,psychological,emotional,physical,vitality,and health status)were higher in both groups after treatment and significantly higher in the study group(P<0.05).There was no difference in the occurrence of complications between the two treatment groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques has a good treatment effect on patients with rotator cuff injuries,helps accelerate the recovery of shoulder function,improves the quality of life,and is highly safe.

不同比例EMC/EA改善LiCoO2电池电解液低温性能

低温时电解液的离子电导率是锂离子电池(LIBs)低温性能的重要影响因素。适量乙酸乙酯(EA)的加入,能够提高电解液的离子电导率,降低电池极化,从而使得电池具有较高的放电比容量以及循环稳定性。因此,通过调节电解液溶剂EMC/EA比例,考察LiCoO2电池在不同比例电解液中的25和-20℃下的电化学性能。结果表明,使用0.5 mol/LLiBF4/0.5 mol/LLiODFB-PC/EC/EMC/EA(体积比为1∶1∶1∶2)的电解液所组装的LCO/Li半电池在25和-20℃循环100次后,其放电比容量分别为130.2和112 mAh/g,容量保持率分别为96.30%和92.33%;未加EA体系在25和-20℃循环100次后放电比容量分别为122.9和103.2 mAh/g。采用电化学交流阻抗谱测试电池的阻抗行为,有EA的溶剂体系阻抗都低于未加EA体系;用SEM对电极表面进行分析,发现溶剂体系中EA的加入,在正极材料与电解液之间形成较为稳定的电化学界面(CEI)膜,可防止电解液中的物质进一步反应和溶解正极材料,从而有效阻碍电解液的持续分解,提高常温/低温LCO/Li半电池的放电比容量及循环稳定性。

Electroacupuncture targeting the immune system to alleviate sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates.However,options for sepsis are still limited to general treatment in intensive care units(ICUs),and effective therapies that improve sepsis survival are required.Immune disturbances play a vital role in the pathology of sepsis and are associated with protracted inflammation,susceptibility to infections,and death.Therefore,many investigators have focused on the potential benefits of immunomodulation therapy for sepsis.Electroacupuncture(EA)has been practiced in clinics for many years and has shown advantages in treating infectious diseases.Over the last few decades,our understanding of the efficacy and mechanisms of EA in sepsis has undergone considerable developments.We searched the literature regarding“CNKI,Wan Fang Data,VIP Database,PubMed,and Ingenta Connect”from 2010 to 2023,using the keywords“sepsis”“septic”and“electroacupuncture”and 336 sources were searched.Finally,we included 82 studies that targeted the immune system to determine EA’s anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on sepsis.In this review,we found that EA has clinical benefits in relieving septic inflammation,improving immune function,and attenuating related multi-organ injury through several mechanisms,such as activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAP),vagaladrenal axis,inhibition of the nuclear factor Kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,and improvement of immune cell function.Therefore,EA may be a promising complementary therapy for sepsis treatment.We also expect these data will contribute to further studies on EA in sepsis.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

Electroacupuncture Alleviates Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice by Targeting Serotonergic Neurons in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus

Objective Alzheimer’s disease(AD)has become a significant global concern,but effective drugs able to slow down AD progression is still lacked.Electroacupuncture(EA)has been demonstrated to ameliorate cognitive impairment in individuals with AD.However,the underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood.This study aimed at examining the neuroprotective properties of EA and its potential mechanism of action against AD.Methods APP/PS1 transgenic mice were employed to evaluate the protective effects of EA on Shenshu(BL 23)and Baihui(GV 20).Chemogenetic manipulation was used to activate or inhibit serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN).Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests.Golgi staining,western blot,and immunostaining were utilized to determine EA-induced neuroprotection.Results EA at Shenshu(BL 23)and Baihui(GV 20)effectively ameliorated learning and memory impairments in APP/PS1 mice.EA attenuated dendritic spine loss,increased the expression levels of PSD95,synaptophysin,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus.Activation of serotonergic neurons within the DRN can ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD by activating glutamatergic neurons mediated by 5-HT1B.Chemogenetic inhibition of serotonergic neurons in the DRN reversed the effects of EA on synaptic plasticity and memory.Conclusion EA can alleviate cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice by activating serotonergic neurons in the DRN.Further study is necessary to better understand how the serotonergic neurons-related neural circuits involves in EA-induced memory improvement in AD.