Electrochemical Remediation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol

Technological development has led to the emergence of new substances with many different purposes generating a new profile of pollutants in waterways. Among these, endocrine disruptors, such as 17EE （17ct-ethinylestradiol）, are of great importance due to their wide application and harmful consequences to the environment, human health and animals. The inefficiency of most water treatment processes in withdrawing such substances poses a global concern for the development of effective and environmentally clean methods. The electrochemical remediation processes appear as a powerful and ＂green＂ alternative for waste removal of organic or inorganic pollutants from complex environments, such as geosphere and hydrosphere. The research focus in this field is mostly related to the optimization of electronic devices with higher （photo） catalytic efficiency, whereas the starting material remains based on metal and carbon conventional electrodes. In the present study, the anodic removal process of 17ct-ethinylestradiol at carbon cardboards was investigated in stationary and hydrodynamic conditions. The influence of pH and applied potential were evaluated, always taking into account the transposition of scale and environmental aspects. Thus, the principle of hormone removal showed to be strictly related to such parameters. It was observed that mild alkaline medium favors the anodic oxidation, whereas neutral and mild acid ones lead to higher adsorption at carbon surface. Also, when the applied potential was higher than 1.25 V, the electrochemical oxidation rate increased, and the adsorption was decreased. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of ! 7EE showed to be lower, the flow rate was higher.

Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of electrochemical methods for environmental remediation

Electrochemical methods are increasingly favored for remediating polluted environments due to their environmental compatibility and reagent-saving features.However,a comprehensive understanding of recent progress,mechanisms,and trends in thesemethods is currently lacking.Web of Science(WoS)databases were utilized for searching the primary data to understand the knowledge structure and research trends of publications on electrochemical methods and to unveil certain hotspots and future trends of electrochemical methods research.The original data were sampled from 9080 publications in those databases with the search deadline of June 1st,2022.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software facilitated data visualization and analysis of document quantities,source journals,institutions,authors,and keywords.We discussed principles,influencing factors,and progress related to seven major electrochemicalmethods.Notably,publications on this subject have experienced significant growth since 2007.The most frequently-investigated areas in electrochemical methods included novel materials development,heavy metal remediation,organic pollutant degradation,and removal mechanism identification.“Advanced oxidation process”and“Nanocomposite”are currently trending topics.The major remediation mechanisms are adsorption,oxidation,and reduction.The efficiency of electrochemical systems is influenced by material properties,system configuration,electron transfer efficiency,and power density.Electro-Fenton exhibits significant advantages in achieving synergistic effects of anodic oxidation and electro-adsorption among the seven techniques.Future research should prioritize the improvement of electron transfer efficiency,the optimization of electrode materials,the exploration of emerging technology coupling,and the reduction in system operation and maintenance costs.

An assessment of the effectiveness and impact of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil

The effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil was investigated by an anode-cathode separated system using a salt bridge. The applied constant voltage was 24 V and the electrode gap was 24 cm. Two types of soil （sandy soil and loam soil） were selected because of their different conductive capabilities. The initial concentrations of pyrene in these soil samples were 261.3 mg/kg sandy soil and 259.8 mg/kg loam soil After treatment of the sandy soil and loam soil for seven days, 56.8% and 20.1% of the pyrene had been removed respectively. Under the same power supply voltage, the removal of the pollutant from the sandy soil was greater than that from the loam soil, due to the higher current and lower pH. Further analysis revealed that the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation was affected by the energy expenditure, and was associated with changes in soil properties.